大学四级-179及答案解析.doc

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1、大学四级-179 及答案解析(总分：710.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.50)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following statement. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Suppose a freshman asks you about the campus life, describe it

2、 to him/her and give your suggestions. （分数：106.50）_二、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section A(总题数：4，分数：106.50)（分数：35.50）A.There were many shops there.B.There were many expensive goods there.C.There used to be many people there.D.It used to be very clean and narrow.A.In a hotel.B.In a store.C.In

3、an electrical shop.D.In a laundry.A.She has sold all of her book collections.B.She won“t collect books any more.C.She still keeps some of her book collections.D.She won“t buy new books in the future.A.Finish the report.B.Fuel the car.C.Take Tom to the zoo.D.Fix the car.A.They should leave early to a

4、void the congestion.B.They should stay at home and do nothing.C.They should listen to the traffic report on the radio.D.They should find another way to the airport.（分数：21.30）A.Care more about her boss.B.Take care of her own business.C.Talk about her boss with her husband.D.Refuse to work for her bos

5、s.A.The man doesn“t like the woman“s hairstyle.B.People in the bus don“t like the woman“s hairstyle.C.The woman has just had her hair cut.D.The man“s sister has the same hairstyle with the woman.A.He is a director of his department.B.He is confused by the message.C.He bears the same name with a coll

6、eague.D.He works in the Sales Department.Questions 9 to 11 are bused on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：21.30）A.She hasn“t seen snow.B.She doesn“t like to ski.C.She is afraid of skiing.D.She lives very far away from the skifield.A.Act like a crab.B.Go up step by step.C.Stand in the middle.

7、D.Go up as quickly as possible.A.Cross the tips.B.Stop leaning forward.C.Point the tips together.D.Move to a gentle place.Questions 12 to 15 are bused on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：28.40）A.She is honest and hardworking.B.She is very competent for the job.C.She likes her job very much.

8、D.She is hardworking but not competent.A.Designing a terrific web.B.Designing a basic web.C.Building a terrific BBS.D.Designing a terrific program.A.She learned the skills at a famous university.B.She didn“t do well at school.C.She learned the skills by herself.D.She received some professional train

9、ing.A.Let her leave immediately.B.Get an experienced man to help her.C.Fire her in a week.D.Let her get some professional training.四、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：21.30)Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：21.30）A.Sipping a glass of wine before gettin

10、g into bed.B.Drinking a cup of tea one hour before sleep.C.Exercising one or two hours before bedtime.D.Taking a hot shower half an hour before bedtime.A.Listen to some quiet music.B.Get out of bed till being sleepy again.C.Try to relax our mind.D.Read some interesting articles.A.Approaches to get a

11、 better night“s sleep.B.The harm of lack of sleep.C.Effects of modern technology on sleep.D.Benefits of a good sleep.六、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：28.40)Questions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：28.40）A.Her teacher found that she had great skill.B.She didn“t have trouble at schoo

12、l any more.C.She could follow all the rules from then on.D.She found she could express herself with painting.A.She deposited it in the bank.B.She gave it to the sick children.C.She contributed it to charitable organizations.D.She gave it out to those who needed it.A.He completed his biggest charity

13、project until now.B.He got a message from Obama and lawmakers.C.He asked for help for those homeless children in America.D.He managed to raise tens of thousands dollars.A.He enjoyed community service work ever since he was very little.B.He once walked around with his little red wagon giving water af

14、ter a hurricane.C.He made a project called “From My House to the White House.“D.He drove a little red wagon when he collected money for homeless children.七、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：21.30)Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：21.30）A.It doesn“t work as expected.B.It can d

15、o harm to children.C.It can find out serious injuries.D.It can provide detailed image of the brain.A.Many children suffer greatly from brain injury.B.Many children are threatened by lung cancer.C.Children suffer more from brain injury than from cancer.D.Children have a high risk of developing cancer

16、.A.When a child aged two has no broken bone in the skull.B.When a child aged ten lose consciousness.C.When a child aged one has no serious headache.D.When a child aged nine has normal mental activity.八、Section C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Disappointment, as uncomfortable and even painful as it can be for us, is

17、 essential and important on our journey of growth. Making peace with disappointing others allows us to 1 our erroneous demands for perfection. Letting go of our fear of being disappointed gives us the ability to take more risks and ask for what we truly want. When we“re able to embrace disappointmen

18、t, we create a sense of liberation and space that 2 to be who we truly are and let go of our 3 with others“ opinions. This is not always easy, but is so powerful and can be 4 . Here are a few things you can consider and do to expand your 5 to embrace disappointment: First, take inventory (详细目录). Tak

19、e an honest look at some of the most important relationships and activities in your life. How many of your actions, thoughts, conversations have to do with your 6 of disappointing others or being disappointed? Second, practice saying “no.“ This is a great practice, especially for those “ 7 “ who fin

20、d saying “yes“ to stuff they don“t really want to do. While there is great value in being someone who 8 say “yes“ in life, there is also power in owning our “no“ as well. Third, expand and express your desires. Make a list of some of the most important and vulnerable desires you 9 havethe things you

21、 really want, but maybe have been afraid to admit. When you allow yourself to express your 10 desires, you give yourself the freedom to ask, dream and create. （分数：71.00）填空项 1:_九、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十、Section A(总题数：1，分数：35.50)Those setting migration policy in rich countries face an almos

22、t impossible task. On the one hand, the demands of demography (人口学) and economicsshrinking and ageing workforce, a growing 1 of people to fill jobs requiring high skills, and 2 flexible and open economiesall point to more migration. On the other hand, voters in many rich countries seem more and more

23、 3 to immigration, which suggests that politicians may find it more and more difficult to 4 immigration to continue at its current high level. If only there were some means of getting all the benefits of migration but none of the costs. That is the thinking behind the latest solution now being 5 : c

24、ircular migration. EU“s commissioner for 6 and home affairs, Franco Frattini, wants to see more 7 migrants in the EU. For the highly skilled, he suggests a blue card to 8 the temporary entry of professionals and their families into Europe. Foreign workers with the most skills make up just 1.7% of th

25、e workforce, about half the rate in America and far less than in Canada or Australia, and 9 for them is getting more intense. A blue card would at least make it clear to migrant professionals that they would be welcome. On the other hand, highly skilled workers go in search of dynamic economies, alo

26、ng with the high pay and bright 10 they offer, and a blue card would do nothing to bring more dynamism to Europe. A. affluence F. ease K. justice B. allow G. enhance L. promoted C. career H. friendly M. rose D. competition I. hostile N. shortage E. decreasingly J. increasingly O. temporary（分数：35.50）

27、十一、Section B(总题数：1，分数：71.00)As Technology Gets Better, Will Society Get Worse?A. Imagine that two people are carving a six-foot slab of wood at the same time. One is using a hand-chisel, the other, a chainsaw (链锯). If you are interested in the future of that slab, whom would you watch? This chainsaw

28、/ chisel logic has led some to suggest that technological evolution is more important to humanity“s near future than biological evolution; nowadays, it is not the biological chisel but the technological chainsaw that is most quickly redefining what it means to be human. The devices we use change the

29、 way we live much faster than any contest among genes. We“re the block of wood, even if, as I wrote in January, sometimes we don“t even fully notice that we“re changing. B. Assuming that we really are evolving as we wear or inhabit more technological prostheticslike ever-smarter phones, helpful glas

30、ses, and brainy carshere“s the big question: Will that type of evolution take us in desirable directions, as we usually assume biological evolution does? C. Some, like the Wired founder Kevin Kelly, believe that the answer is a resounding (响亮的) “yes.“ In his book What Technology Wants , Kelly writes

31、: “Technology wants what life wants: Increasing efficiency; Increasing opportunity; Increasing emergence; Increasing complexity; Increasing diversity; Increasing specialization; Increasing ubiquity; Increasing freedom; Increasing mutualism; Increasing beauty; Increasing sentience; Increasing structu

32、re; Increasing evolvability.“ D. We can test the “Increasing“ theory by taking a quick trip up north, to an isolated area south of the Hudson Bay. Here live the Oji-Cree, a people, numbering about thirty thousand, who inhabit a cold and desolate land roughly the size of Germany. For much of the twen

33、tieth century, the Oji-Cree lived at a technological level that can be described as relatively simple. As nomads, they lived in tents during the summer, and in cabins during the winter. Snowshoes, dog sleds, and canoes were the main modes of transportation, used to track and kill fish, rabbits, and

34、moose for food. A doctor who worked with the Oji-Cree in the nineteen-forties has noted the absence of mental breakdowns or substance abuse within the population, observing that “the people lived a rugged, rigorous life with plenty of exercise.“ The Oji-Cree invariably impressed foreigners with thei

35、r vigor and strength. Another visitor, in the nineteen-fifties, wrote of their “ingenuity, courage, and self-sacrifice,“ noting that, in the North, “only those prepared to face hardship and make sacrifices could survive.“ E. The Oji-Cree have been in contact with European settlers for centuries, but

36、 it was only in the nineteen-sixties, when trucks began making the trip north, that newer technologies like the internal combustion engine (内燃机) and electricity really began to reach the area. The Oji-Cree eagerly embraced these new tools. In our lingo, we might say that they went through a rapid ev

37、olution, advancing through hundreds of years of technology in just a few decades. F. The good news is that, nowadays, the Oji-Cree no longer face the threat of winter starvation, which regularly killed people in earlier times. They can more easily import and store the food they need, and they enjoy

38、pleasures like sweets and alcohol. Life has become more comfortable. The constant labor of canoeing or snowshoeing has been eliminated by outboard engines and snowmobiles. Television made it north in the nineteen-eighties, and it has proved enormously popular. G. But, in the main, the Oji-Cree story

39、 is not a happy one. Since the arrival of new technologies, the population has suffered a massive increase in morbid (不健康的) obesity, heart disease, and Type 2 diabetes. Social problems are rampant: idleness, alcoholism, drug addiction, and suicide have reached some of the highest levels on earth. Di

40、abetes, in particular, has become so common (affecting forty percent of the population) that researchers think that many children, after exposure in the womb, are born with an increased predisposition (倾向) to the disease. Childhood obesity is widespread, and ten-year-olds sometimes appear middle-age

41、d. Recently, the Chief of a small Oji-Cree community estimated that half of his adult population was addicted to OxyContin or other painkillers. H. Technology is not the only cause of these changes, but scientists have made clear that it is a driving factor, in previous times, the Oji-Cree lifestyle

42、 required daily workouts that rivalled those of a professional athlete. “In the early 20th century,“ writes one researcher, “walking up to 100 km/day was not uncommon.“ But those days are over, replaced by modern comforts. Despite the introduction of modern medicine, the health outcomes of the Oji-C

43、ree have declined in ways that will not be easy to reverse. The Oji-Cree are literally being killed by technological advances. I. The Oji-Cree are an unusual case. It can take a society time to adjust to new technologies, and the group has also suffered other traumas (痛苦，创伤), like colonization and t

44、he destruction of cultural continuity. Nonetheless, the story offers an important warning for the human race. The problem with technological evolution is that it is under our control and, unfortunately, we don“t always make the best decisions. J. This is also the principal difference between technol

45、ogical and biological evolution. Biological evolution is driven by survival of the fittest, as adaptive traits are those that make the survival and reproduction of a population more likely. It isn“t perfect, but at least, in a rough way, it favors organisms who are adapted to their environments. K.

46、Technological evolution has a different motive force. It is self-evolution, and it is therefore driven by what we want as opposed to what is adaptive. In a market economy, it is even more complex: for most of us, our technological identities are determined by what companies decide to sell based on w

47、hat they believe we, as consumers, will pay for. As a species, we often aren“t much different from the Oji-Cree. Comfort-seeking missiles, we spend the most to minimize pain and maximize pleasure. When it comes to technologies, we mainly want to make things easy. Not to be bored. Oh, and maybe to lo

48、ok a bit younger. L. Our will-to-comfort, combined with our technological powers, creates a stark possibility. If we“re not careful, our technological evolution will take us toward not a singularity but a sofalarity. That“s a future defined not by an evolution toward superintelligence but by the abs

49、ence of discomforts. The sofalarity is not inevitable either. But the prospect of it makes clear that, as a species, we need mechanisms to keep humanity on track. The technology industry, which does so much to define us, has a duty to cater to our more complete selves rather than just our narrow interests. It has both the opportunity and the means to reach for something higher. And, as consumers, we should remember that our collective demands drive our destiny as a species, and