【考研类试卷】西医综合-生物化学-7及答案解析.doc

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1、西医综合-生物化学-7 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A variety of illegal acts committed by people in the course of their employment, for their own personal gain, are collectively known as white-collar crime. Embezzlement, theft and trading securities (1) insider information ar

2、e common forms of white-collar crime. The majority of cases involve low-level employees who steal because they are under (2) financial stress. Many plan to (3) the money back as soon as possible but may never do so. Their crimes are usually never (4) because the amounts of money are small, and no on

3、e notices the (5) .(6) , there are some very large cases of white-collar crime, such as multimillion-dollar stock market or banking seams that take years to discover and are extremely difficult and expensive to (7) .White-collar crime is not (8) to the business sector. Government employment, especia

4、lly (9) the city level, also provides opportunities to (10) ones pockets. (11) , building inspectors accept bribes and full-time employees receive (12) payments.Although white-collar crime is less (13) than street crime, it involves (14) more money and harm to the public than crimes committed by str

5、eet criminals. It is (15) that there are more criminals (16) the office suites than in the streets, yet the (17) of white-collar makes it difficult to uncover the offenses and pursue the offenders. As the economy (18) from manufacturing to services and electronic commerce, opportunities for white-co

6、llar crime (19) , while the technology needed to stop such crimes will (20) .（分数：10.00）(1).A due to B in consequence of C on the basis of D for the benefit of（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A temporary B constant C persistent D transient（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A put B return C set D send（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A dis

7、closed B exposed C retained D discovered（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A loss B shortage C deficiency D deficit（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A Moreover B However C Likewise D Accordingly（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A pursue B persecute C proceed D prosecute（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A restrained B constrained C confined D bound（分数：

8、0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A in B at C on D of（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A line B fill C pack D stuff（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A Such as B For example C By the same token D To begin with（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A welfare B commission C pension D allowance（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A disastrous B hazardous C significant D viol

9、ent（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A no B little C far D further（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A possibly B liable C logical D likely（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A in B with C of D on（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A nature B feature C property D essence（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A ranges B shifts C transfers D transforms（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(

10、19).A degenerate B upgrade C decrease D multiply（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A pick up B pay back C make out D lag behind（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Aristotle believed that the heavens were perfect. If they ever were, they are no longer

11、. The skies above Earth are now littered with the debris (残骸) of dead satellites, bits of old rockets and the odd tool dropped by a spacewalking astronaut. Such is the extent of the detritus that the first accidental collision between two satellites has already taken place. It happened in February 2

12、009, when a defunct (废弃的) Russian Cosmos smashed into a functioning American Iridium, destroying both and creating even more space junk. To stop this sort of thing happening again Vaios Lappas of the University of Surrey, in England, has designed a system that will remove satellites from orbit at th

13、e end of their useful lives-and as a bonus will scour part of the sky clean as it does so. Dr. Lappass satellite-removal system employs a solar sail. As light from the sun hits the sail, it imparts a minuscule but continuous acceleration. When a satellite is first launched, the sail is angled in a w

14、ay that causes this acceleration to keep the satellite in orbit. (Orbits gradually decay as a result of collisions with the small number of air molecules found even at altitudes normally classified as “outer space“. ) Solar sails have yet to be used widely to propel spacecraft in this way-several ea

15、rlier versions came unstuck when the sails failed to unfurl properly-but doing so is not a novel idea in principle The novelty Dr. Lappas envisages is to change the angle of the sail when the satellite has become defunct. Instead of keeping the derelict craft in orbit, it will, over the course of a

16、couple of years, drag it into the atmosphere and thus to a fiery end. Not only that, but the sail will also act like a handkerchief, mopping up microscopic orbital detritus such as flecks of paint from previous launches. A fleck of paint may not sound dangerous, but if travelling at 27 000kph (17 00

17、0mph), as it would be in orbit, it could easily penetrate an astronauts spacesuit. A prototype of Dr. Lappass design, called CubeSail, will be launched late next year. It weighs just 3kg and, when folded up, measures 30cm (12 inches) by 10era by 10era. Once unfurled, however, the sail will have an a

18、rea of 25 square metres. If this prototype, which is paid for by EADS, a European aerospace company, proves successful, solar sails might be added to many future satellites. That would enable them to be removed rapidly from orbit when they became useless and would restore to the skies some measure o

19、f Aristotelian perfection.（分数：10.00）(1).The first sentence in this passage is to _. A criticize Aristotles viewpoint B praise the beauty of the outer space C express Aristotles attitude towards the heavens D warn that the space is now littered with junk（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which one is NOT the appli

20、cation of the system designed by Vaios Lappas? A To halt creating more space junk. B To remove the satellites at the end of their useful lives. C To stop the accidental collisions in space. D To clean the junk created by dead satellites.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Orbits decay due to _. A the acceleration

21、of the spacecraft B the crash with small amounts of air molecules C the invention and application of solar sails D the existence of air molecules（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).If the CubeSail turns to be practical, the design will _. A be granted a patent to reward Dr. Lappas B make our skies return to be per

22、fect C be still useless to remove the satellites from orbit D be applied to all the future satellites（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The best title for the text should be_. A The Outer Space B The CubeSail C Accidental Collisions D Sweeping the Skies（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)“Europe needs to imp

23、ort to export. “ That is the slogan of the European Commissions new strategy for securing its economic place in the world, unveiled this week by Peter Mandelson, the European Unions commissioner for trade. The soundbite, of course, gets the economics precisely backwards: exports are the price a coun

24、try must pay for its imports; Europeans toil away making stuff for others to consume only so they can in turn get their hands on the fruits of foreign labours. But the slogan does capture two awkward truths European exporters must now confront. First, only by offering to open its own markets can the

25、 EU hope to persuade foreign countries to open theirs. But with the collapse of the Doha round of trade talks, it is not obvious to whom the Europeans should make their offers. Second, European companies are now part of elaborate global supply chains. Clumsy efforts to protect some of them from fore

26、ign competition deprive others of the cheap inputs they need to thrive in world markets. The new trade strategy looks at both of these dilemmas, among others. Though Mr Mandelson insists that he remains wedded to multilateral negotiations atthe World Trade Organisation, he also fancies pursuing a bi

27、t on the side with other willing trade partners. The EU will pick its partners according to three criteria: do they offer a big, growing market? Are they cutting deals with America or Japan? And are they guilty of deterring European companies, either repelling them at the border with high tariffs, o

28、r bogging them down in cumbersome rules and regulations? The strategy names ASEAN, South Korea, India and Russia as priorities, as well as two regional blocks, Mercosur and the Gulf Co-operation Council, that it is already courting. The EU will reveal its plans for China at the end of the month. The

29、 strategy also proposes to look again at how the EU protects its own borders, because its favored weapons are prone to backfire. For example, EU ministers decided this week to slap antidumping duties on leather shoes from Vietnam and China, which threaten shoemakers in Italy, Portugal and Spain. But

30、 the duties are opposed by Europes own retailers and some of its sportswear makers. Letting Asian workers stitch and glue sports shoes makes it possible for such firms to employ Europeans to design and market them. Mr Mandelson presented his strategy as a way to help the EU become more competitive.

31、Opening up to foreign rivals is, of course, an excellent way to foster competition in cloistered domestic industries. A pity then that most of his concrete proposals were about conquering markets abroad, and that the EU is still so ready to raise its defences at home.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the P

32、aragraph 1, how can Europeans get their hands on the fruits of foreign labours? A Europeans toil away making stuff for others to consume. B Peter Mandelson unveiled new strategy for securing its economic place in the world this week. C Slapping anti-dumping duties on other products from outside EU.

33、D Ask ask more foreign labours to work in EU.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The reasons why the author says the slogan does capture two awkward truths European exporters must now confront include the followings except_. A EU hope to persuade foreign countries to open their markets by offering to open its owns

34、 although it is not obvious to whom the Europeans should make their offers B other countries were repelling EU companies at the border with high tariffs C European companies are now part of elaborate global supply chains D efforts to protect some of European companies from foreign competition may de

35、prive others of the cheap inputs which these EU companies need to thrive in world markets（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following is not a basic standard of EU for picking its partners? A Offering a big, growing market. B Not bogging them down in cumbersome rules and regulations C Not deterring E

36、uropean companies from their countries D Cutting deals with America or Japan（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The word “pity“(Line 3, Paragragh 5) refers to_. A competition in cloistered domestic industries B opening up to foreign rivals C Mr Mandelsons strategy D his proposals were about conquering markets abro

37、ad while EU is still so ready to raise its defenses at home（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following could be authors judgment of the strategy? A Infeasible proposal. B A perfect solution. C Effective defense against rivals. D Positive change.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The use of che

38、micals in almost all areas of life has become a commonplace phenomenon. There is growing evidence, however, that chemicals in the environment, including pesticides, may contribute to some illnesses. While studies are still being conducted, preliminary conclusions point to the verdict that such chemi

39、cals are indeed negatively impacting those humans to whom they are exposed.Children are especially vulnerable to toxic substances. Pound for pound, they eat, drink and breathe more than adults, all of which exposes them more heavily to those chemicals to which most individuals encounter on a daily b

40、asis. Furthermore, their bodies are still in developing stages, exacerbating the negative effects of those chemicals, which negatively impact them.Of 50 types of pesticides commonly used in American schools, a study conducted by the National Coalition Against the Misuse of Pesticides found that many

41、 caused negative reactions in laboratory animals. Such negative effects included kidney and liver damage, cancer, and neurological and reproductive problems.These implications of these findings are far-reaching. Given the variety of harmful effects attributed to those pesticides tested, one must pau

42、se and consider whether it is wise to continue their use in the nations schools, where children will be constantly exposed to them. Activists have lobbied for the elimination of such use with a degree of success, and recent findings, if supported by further analysis and confirmation, may help furthe

43、r the cause. A long term solution or alternative, however, remains elusive.In the short run, however, there may be some measures that can be taken to mitigate the harmful effects of dangerous pesticides. The American Medical Associations Council on Scientific Affairs concluded in a 1997 report that

44、given the “particular uncertainty, regarding the long-term health effects of low-dose pesticide exposures,“ it is “prudent“ for adults and children to limit their exposure and to “consider the use of the least toxic chemical pesticides or non-chemical alternatives. /（分数：10.00）(1).The citing of dange

45、rous effects of pesticides on laboratory animals in paragraph 3 is used to suggest that_.A scientists are also concerned with the effects of pesticides on animalsB cancer is the worst effect of the pesticidesC most or all of the dangerous effects of pesticides are now knownD the chemicals may also c

46、ause these effects in humans（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Children are more likely than adults to suffer the negative effects of pesticides because_.A children absorb more pesticides than adults, proportionallyB pesticides are used more in areas with childrenC the pesticides used in schools are more dangerou

47、s than other pesticidesD adults know more about pesticides than children（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The main point of this text is that_.A pesticides are dangerous and their uses need to be reevaluatedB children suffer most from the effects of pesticidesC schools are most responsible for pesticide-related

48、illnessesD pesticides should be eliminated everywhere（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The author mentions the exaggerated effects of chemicals on children in paragraph 2 to_.A prove that pesticides are dangerous to all humansB show that children are more susceptible to many kinds of dangersC suggest a solution to the problem of pesticidesD identify one group that pesticides hurt in particular（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The author cites the American Medical Associations advice in paragraph 5 in order to_.A present more factual details to clarify the issueB prese