【考研类试卷】英语-阅读理解(十二)及答案解析.doc

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1、英语-阅读理解(十二)及答案解析(总分：90.00，做题时间：90 分钟)How often one hears children wishing they were grown up, and old people wishing they were young again. Each age has its pleasures and its pains, and the happiest person is the one who enjoys what each age gives him without wasting his time in useless regrets.Chil

2、dhood is a time when there are few responsibilities to make life difficult. If a child has good parents, he is fed, looked after and loved, whatever he may do. It is impossible that he will ever again in his life be given so much without having to do anything in return. In addition, life is always p

3、resenting new things to the child-things that have lost their interest for older people because they are too well known. But a child has his pains; he is not so free to do what he wishes to do; he is continually being told not to do things, or being punished for what he has done wrong.When the young

4、 man starts to earn his own living, he can no longer expect others to pay for his food, his clothes, and his room, but has to work if he wants to live comfortably. If he spends most of his time playing about in the way that he used to as a child, he will go hungry. And if he breaks the laws of socie

5、ty as he used to break the laws of his parents, he may go to prison. If, therefore, he works hard, keeps out of trouble and has good health, he can have the great happiness of building up for himself his own position in society.（分数：10.00）(1).According to paragraph 2, the writer thinks that _.A. life

6、 for a child is comparatively easyB. a child is always loved whatever he doesC. if much is given to a child, he must do something in returnD. only children are interested in life（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).After a child grows up, he _.A. will have little time playingB. has to be successful in finding a job

7、C. can still ask for help in time of troubleD. should be able to take care of himself（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A. People are often satisfied with their life.B. Life is less interesting for old people.C. Adults are freer to do what the

8、y want to do.D. Adults should no longer rely on others.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The main idea of the passage is that _.A. life is not enjoyable since each age has some painsB. young men can have the greatest happiness if they work hardC. childhood is the most enjoyable time in ones lifeD. one is the hap

9、piest if he can make good use of each age in his life（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The paragraph following the passage will most probably discuss _.A. examples of successful young menB. how to build up ones position in societyC. joys and pains of old peopleD. what to do when one has problems in life（分数：2.00）

10、A.B.C.D.A little girl was given so many picture books on her seventh birthday that her father thought his daughter should give one or two of her new books to a little neighbor boy named Robert.Now, taking books, or anything else, from a little girl is like taking candy from a baby, but the father of

11、 the little girl had his way and Robert got two of her books. “After all, that leaves you with nine,“ said the father, who thought he was a philosopher and a child psychologist (心理学家), and couldnt shut his big stupid mouth on the subject.A few weeks later, the father went to his library to look up “

12、father“ in the Oxford English Dictionary, to feast his eyes on (一饱眼福) the praise of fatherhood through the centuries, but he couldnt find volume F-G and then he discovered that three others were missing, too-A-B. L-M, V-Z. He began to search his household, and learned what had happened to the four m

13、issing volumes.“A man came to the door this morning,“ said his little daughter, “and he didnt know how to get from here to Torrington, or from Torrington to Winsted, and he was a nice man, much nicer than Robert, and so I gave him four of your books. After all, there are thirteen volumes in the Oxfo

14、rd English Dictionary, and that leaves you with nine. /（分数：10.00）(1).How does the writer feel about taking picture books from a little girl?A. This sort of thing is quite common.B. It makes no difference to a child.C. Its nothing to be surprised at.D. It may hurt the girls feelings.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.

15、(2).In the second paragraph “the father of the little girl had his way“ means _.A. the father went out to workB. the father made his own decisionC. the father left his daughter aloneD. the father did what he wanted（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following sentences may best reflect the girls attit

16、ude toward her father?A. A man came to the door this morning.B. He was a nice man, much nicer than Robert.C. After all, that leaves you with nine.D. I have him four of your books.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What does the writer think of the father?A. He was very strict with his daughter.B. He was too proud

17、 to listen to his daughter.C. As a child psychologist, he didnt understand his daughters psychology very well.D. As a father, he showed little care for his daughter.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).This short story tells us that _.A. failure is the mother of successB. what you do not wish done to yourself, do n

18、ot do to othersC. we should put others first and ourselves lastD. everything is hard in the beginning（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.Movies are the most popular form of entertainment for millions of Americans. They go to the movies to escape their normal everyday existence and to experience a life more exciting th

19、an their own. They may choose to see a particular film because they like the actors or because they have heard the film has a good story. But the main reason why people go to the movies is to escape. Sitting in a dark theater, watching the images on the screen, they enter another world that is real

20、to them. They become involved in the lives of the characters in the movie, and for two hours, they forget all about their own problems. They are in a dream world where things often appear to be more romantic (浪漫的) and beautiful than in real life.The biggest “dream factories“ are in Hollywood, the ca

21、pital of the film industry. Each year, Hollywood studios make hundreds of movies that are shown all over the world. American movies are popular because they tell stories and they are well-made. They provide the public with heroes who do things the average person would like to do but often cant. Peop

22、le have to cope with many problems and much trouble in real life, so they feel encouraged when they see the “good guys“ win in the movies.（分数：10.00）(1).The Americans go to the movies mainly because they want _.A. to enjoy a good story B. to experience an exciting lifeC. to see the actors and actress

23、es D. to escape their daily life（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following is peoples normal response to the movies they watch?A. They feel that everything on the screen is familiar to them.B. They try to turn their dreams into reality.C. They become so involved that they forget their own problems.

24、D. They are touched by the life stories of the actors and actresses.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).It is obvious that real life is _.A. less romantic than that in the moviesB. more romantic than that in the moviesC. as romantic as that in the moviesD. filled with romantic stories（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The Ameri

25、can movies are popular because _.A. they are well-made and the stories are interestingB. the characters in the movies are free to do whatever they likeC. the heroes have to cope with many problems and frustrationsD. good guys in the movies always win in the end（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).People enjoy seein

26、g the movies because they _.A. are tired of their everyday livesB. feel inspired by the heroic deeds of the good guysC. want to see who win in the endD. have to cope with many problems in their lives（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.A scientist who wants to predict the way in which consumers (消费者) will spend their m

27、oney must study consumer behavior. He must obtain data both on the resources of consumers and on the motives that tend to encourage or discourage money spending.If an economist were asked which of three groups borrow most-people with rising incomes, stable incomes, or decreasing incomes-he would pro

28、bably answer, those with decreasing incomes. Actually in the years 1947-1950, the answer was: people with rising incomes. People with decreasing incomes were next and people with stable incomes borrowed the least. This shows us that traditional assumptions (假设) about earning and spending are not alw

29、ays reliable. Another traditional assumption is that if people who have money expect prices to go up they will hasten to buy. If they expect prices to go down, they will postpone buying. But research surveys have shown that this is not always true.The expectations of price increases may not stimulat

30、e buying. One typical attitude was expressed by the wife of a mechanic in an interview at a time of rising prices. “In a few months,“ she said, “well have pay more for meat and milk；well have less to spend on other things. “ Her family had been planning to buy a new car but they postponed this purch

31、ase. Furthermore, the rise in prices that has already taken place may be disliked and buyers resistance may be produced. This is shown by the following typical comment. “I just dont pay these prices； they are too high. “ The investigations mentioned above were carried out in America. The condition m

32、ost helpful to spending appears to be price stability. If prices have been stable and people consider that they are reasonable, they are likely to buy. Thus, it appears that the common business policy of maintaining stable prices is based on a correct understanding of consumer psychology.（分数：10.00）(

33、1).According to the passage, if one wants to predict the way spend their money, he should _.A. rely on traditional assumptions about earning and spendingB. try to encourage or discourage consumers to spend moneyC. carry out investigations on consumer behavior and get data on consumers incomes and mo

34、ney spending motivesD. do researches in consumer psychology in a laboratory（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to paragraph 2, one traditional assumption is that people with incomes borrow most.A. average B. stable C. decreasing D. rising（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to paragraph 2, research surveys hav

35、e proved that _.A. price increases always stimulate people to hasten to buy thingsB. rising prices may make people put off their purchase of certain thingsC. women are more sensitive to the rising in prices than menD. the expectations of price increases often make buyers feel angry（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(

36、4).From the results of the surveys, the writer of this article _.A. concludes that the saving and spending patterns in Great Britain are better than those in AmericaB. concludes that the consumers always expect prices to remain stableC. concludes that maintaining stable prices is a correct business

37、policyD. does not draw any conclusion（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following statements is always true according to the surveys mentioned in the passage?A. Consumers will put off buying things if they expect prices to decrease.B. Consumers will spend their money quickly if they expect prices to

38、increase.C. The price condition has an influence on consumer behavior.D. Traditional assumptions about earning and spending are reliable.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.In order to learn a foreign language well, it is necessary to overcome the fear of making mistakes. If the primary goal of language use is communi

39、cation, then mistakes are secondary considerations that may be dealt with gradually as awareness of those mistakes increases. On the other hand, students should not ignore their mistakes. The language learner may observe how native speakers express themselves, and how native expressions differ from

40、the way the learner might say them. For example, a Spanish speaker who has been saying “I do it. “ to express willingness to do something in the immediate future, could, by communicating with native speakers of English, observe that native speakers actually say “Ill do it. “ This difference can serv

41、e as a basis for the student to change his way of using the present tense in English. But a student who is unwilling to communicate in the first place would lose this opportunity to learn by trial and error.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, the present tense in English is _.A. not used to expr

42、ess a desire to do something in the immediate futureB. used with some verbs but not with others to express future intentionC. basically the same in English as it is in SpanishD. not the most difficult problem for foreign students（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the passage, language learners can re

43、duce the number of their mistakes by _.A. asking native speakers for explanationsB. reading good books in the foreign languageC. comparing their speech with that of native speakersD. speaking without regard to native speakers（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the passage, foreign language students wh

44、o do not communicate with native speakers will NOT _.A. learn very much about the foreign societyB. learn about the history of the foreign languageC. have to worry about making mistakesD. take advantage of available language（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the passage, foreign language students sho

45、uld not worry too much about making mistakes because _.A. native speakers like foreign students who try to learn their languageB. communication is the primary goal of language learningC. native speakers will ignore their mistakesD. everyone makes mistakes when trying to communicate in a strange lang

46、uage（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The authors major conclusion about the function of mistakes in foreign language learning is that _.A. mistakes are not important in the process of learning a languageB. learners are often very afraid of making mistakesC. making mistakes can help the learner discover the rule

47、s of the languageD. native speakers, often do not tell foreign language learners about their mistakes（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.Cheating. The income tax deadline (最后期限) approaches and some taxpayers thoughts turn to it. Test time approaches and some students thoughts turn to it.“You want something you cant ge

48、t by behaving within the rules, and you want it badly enough youll do it regardless of any guilt or deep regret and youre willing to run the risk of being caught. “ Thats how Ladd Wheeler, psychology (心理学) professor at the University of Rochester in New York, defines cheating.Many experts believe ch

49、eating is on the rise. “Were suffering a moral breakdown. “ Pinkard says, “were seeing more of the kind of person who regards the world as a series of things to be dealt with. Whether to cheat depends on whether its the persons interest. “ He does, however, see less cheating among the youngest students.Richard Dienabier, psychology professor at the University of Nebraska in Lincoln, believes that societys attitudes account for much of the increase in cheating.“Twenty year