【考研类试卷】英语-阅读理解(十一)及答案解析.doc

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1、英语-阅读理解(十一)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：20.00)In department stores and closets all over the world, they are walking. Their outward appearance seems rather appealing because they come in a variety of styles, textures, and colors. But they are ul

2、timately the biggest deception that exists in the fashion industry today. What are they? They are high heelsa womans worst enemy (whether she knows it or not). High heel shoes are the downfall of modern society. Fashion myths have led women to believe that they are more beautiful or sophisticated fo

3、r wearing heels, but in reality, heels succeed in posing short as well as long term hardships. Women should fight the high heel industry by refusing to use or purchase them in order to save the world from unnecessary physical and psychological suffering.For the sake of fairness, it must be noted tha

4、t there is a positive side to high heels. First, heels are excellent for aerating (使通气) lawns. Anyone who has ever worn heels on grass knows what I am talking about. A simple trip around the yard in a pair of those babies eliminates all need to call for a lawn care specialist, and provides the perfe

5、ct-sized holes to give any lawn oxygen without all those messy chunks of dirt lying around. Second, heels are quite functional for defense against oncoming enemies, who can easily be seared away by threatening them with a pair of these sharp, deadly fashion accessories.Regardless of such practical u

6、ses for heels, the fact remains that wearing high heels is harmful to ones physical health. Talk to any podiatrist (足病医生), and you will hear that the majority of their business comes from high-heel-wearing women. High heels are known to cause problems such as deformed feet and torn toe-nails. The ri

7、sk of severe back problems and twisted or broken ankles is three times higher for a high heel wearer than for a flat shoe wearer. Wearing heels also creates the threat of getting a heel caught in a sidewalk crack or a sewer-grate (阴沟栅) and being thrown to the groundpossibly breaking a nose, back, or

8、 neck. And of course, after wearing heels for a day, any woman knows she can look forward to a night of pain as she tries to comfort her swollen, aching feet.（分数：20.00）(1).What makes women blind to the deceptive nature of high heels?A. The multi-functional use of high heels.B. Their attempt to show

9、off their status.C. The rich variety of high heel styles.D. Their wish to improve their appearance.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The authors presentation of the positive side of high heels is meant _.A. to be ironic B. to poke fun at womenC. to be fair to the fashion industry D. to make his point convincing（

10、分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The author uses the expression “those babies“ to refer to high heels _.A. to show their fragile characteristics B. to indicate their feminine featuresC. to show womens affection for them D. to emphasize their small size（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The authors chief argument against high

11、heels is that _.A. they pose a threat to lawnsB. they are injurious to womens healthC. they dont necessarily make women beautifulD. they are ineffective as a weapon of defense（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It can be inferred from the passage that women should _.A. see through the very nature of fashion mythsB

12、. boycott the products of the fashion industryC. go to a podiatrist regularly for adviceD. avoid following fashion too closely（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.三、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：20.00)For centuries, explorers have risked their lives venturing into the unknown for reasons that were to varying degrees economic and

13、nationalistic. Columbus went west to look for better trade routes to the Orient and to promote the greater glory of Spain. Lewis and Clark journeyed into the American wilderness to find out what the U.S. had acquired when it purchased Louisiana, and the Appolo astronauts rocketed to the moon in a dr

14、amatic show of technological muscle during the cold war.Although their missions blended commercial and political-military imperatives, the explorers involved all accomplished some significant science simply by going where no scientists had gone before.Today Mars looms (隐约出现) as humanitys next great

15、terra incognita (未探明之地). And with doubtful prospects for a short-term financial return, with the cold war a rapidly fading memory and amid a growing emphasis on international cooperation in large space ventures, it is clear that imperatives other than profits or nationalism will have to compel human

16、 beings to leave their tracks on the planets reddish surface. Could it be that science, which has long played a minor role in exploration, is at last destined to take a leading role? The question naturally invites a couple of others: are there experiments that only humans could do on Mars? Could tho

17、se experiments provide insights profound enough to justify the expense of sending people across interplanetary space?With Mars the scientific stakes are arguably higher than they have ever been. The issue of whether life ever existed on the planet, and whether it persists to this day, has been highl

18、ighted by mounting evidence that the Red Planet once had abundant stable, liquid water and by the continuing controversy over suggestions that bacterial fossils rode to Earth on a meteorite (陨石) from Mars. A more conclusive answer about life on Mars, past or present, would give researchers invaluabl

19、e data about the range of conditions under which a planet can generate the complex chemistry that leads to life. If it could be established that life arose independently on Mars and Earth, the finding would provide the first concrete clues in one of the deepest mysteries in all of science, the preva

20、lence of life in the universe.（分数：20.00）(1).According to the passage, the chief purpose of explorers in going to unknown places in the past was _.A. to display their countrys military mightB. to accomplish some significant scienceC. to find new areas for colonizationD. to pursue commercial and state

21、 interests（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(2).At present, a probable inducement for countries to initiate large-scale space ventures is _.A. international cooperation B. nationalistic reasonsC. scientific research D. long-term profits（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What is the main goal of sending human missions to Mars?A. T

22、o find out if life ever existed there.B. To see if humans could survive there.C. To prove the feasibility of large-scale space ventures.D. To show the leading role of science in space exploration.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(4).By saying “With Mars the scientific stakes are arguably higher than they have ever

23、been“ , the author means that _.A. with Mars the risks involved are much greater than any previous space venturesB. in the case of Mars, the rewards of scientific exploration can be very highC. in the case of Mars, much more research funds are needed than ever beforeD. with Mars, scientists argue, t

24、he fundamental interests of science are at issue（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The passage tells us that proof of life on Mars would _.A. make clear the complex chemistry in the development of lifeB. confirm the suggestion that bacterial fossils traveled to Earth on a meteorC. reveal the kind of conditions un

25、der which life originatesD. provide an explanation why life is common in the universe（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.四、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Not too many decades ago it seemed “obvious“ both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed peoples natural relations, loosened their respo

26、nsibilities to kin (亲戚) and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the “obviousness“ is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller prop

27、ortion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else.Even in very large cities, people maintain close soci

28、al ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than are big-city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people wh

29、o share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are

30、 residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers.These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an eld

31、erly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young troublemakers. Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a communitys population size and its social heterogeneity (多样性). For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad

32、behavior including gambling, drugs, etc. Large-city urbanites are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan (见多识广者的) outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional r

33、eligious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size.（分数：20.00）(1).Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the first paragraph?A. Two contrasting vi

34、ews are presented.B. An argument is examined and possible solutions given.C. Research results concerning the quality of urban life are presented in order of time.D. A detailed description of the difference between urban and small-town life is given.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the passage, it w

35、as once a common belief that urban residents _.A. did not have the same interests as their neighborsB. could not develop long-standing relationshipsC. tended to be associated with bad behaviorD. usually had more friends（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(3).One of the consequences of urban life is that impersonal rel

36、ationships among neighbors _.A. disrupt peoples natural relationsB. make them worry about crimeC. cause them not to show concern for one anotherD. cause them to be suspicious of each other（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(4).It can be inferred from the passage that the bigger a community is, _.A. the better its qua

37、lity of lifeB. the more similar its interestsC. the more tolerant and open-minded it isD. the likelier it is to display psychological symptoms of stress（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What is the passage mainly about?A. Similarities in the interpersonal relationships between urbanites and small-town dwellers.B

38、. Advantages of living in big cities as compared with living in small towns.C. The positive role that urbanism plays in modern life.D. The strong feeling of alienation of city inhabitants.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.五、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：20.00)No woman can be too rich or too thin. This saying often attributed t

39、o the late Duchess (公爵夫人) of Windsor embodies much of the odd spirit of our times. Being thin is deemed as such a virtue.The problem with such a view is that some people actually attempt to live by it. I myself have fantasies of slipping into narrow designer clothes. Consequently, I have been on a d

40、iet for the betteror worsepart of my life. Being rich wouldnt be bad either, but that wont happen unless an unknown relative dies suddenly in some distant land, leaving me millions of dollars.Where did we go off the track? When did eating butter become a sin, and a little bit of extra flesh unappeal

41、ing, if not repellent? All religions have certain days when people refrain from eating, and excessive eating is one of Christianitys seven deadly sins. However, until quite recently, most people had a problem getting enough to eat. In some religious groups, wealth was a symbol of probable salvation

42、and high morals, and fatness a sign of wealth and well-being.Today the opposite is true. We have shifted to thinness as our new mark of virtue. The result is that being fator even only somewhat overweightis bad because it implies a lack of moral strength.Our obsession (迷恋) with thinness is also fuel

43、ed by health concerns. It is true that in this country we have more overweight people than ever before, and that, in many cases, being overweight correlates with an increased risk of heart and blood vessel disease. These diseases, however, may have as much to do with our way of life and our high-fat

44、 diets as with excess weight. And the associated risk of cancer in the digestive system may be more of a dietary problemtoo much fat and a lack of fiberthan a weight problem.The real concern, then, is not that we weigh too much, but that we neither exercise enough nor eat well. Exercise is necessary

45、 for strong bones and both heart and lung health. A balanced diet without a lot of fat can also help the body avoid many diseases. We should surely stop paying so much attention to weight. Simply being thin is not enough. It is actually hazardous if those who get (or already are) thin think they are

46、 automatically healthy and thus free from paying attention to their overall life-style. Thinness can be pure vainglory (虚荣).（分数：20.00）(1).In the eyes of the author, an odd phenomenon nowadays is that _.A. religious people are not necessarily virtuousB. looking slim is a symbol of having a large fort

47、uneC. being thin is viewed as a much desired qualityD. the Duchess of Windsor is regarded as a woman of virtue（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Swept by the prevailing trend, the author _.A. had to wear highly fashionable clothesB. had to seek help from rich distant relativesC. had to go on a diet for the greate

48、r part of her lifeD. could still prevent herself from going off the track（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(3).In human history, peoples views on body weight _.A. changed from time to timeB. led to different moral standardsC. varied between the poor and the richD. were closely related to their religious beliefs（分数：4

49、.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The author criticizes womens obsession with thinness _.A. from a historical and religious standpointB. from sociological and medical points of viewC. from an economic and educational perspectiveD. in the light of moral principles（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Whats the authors advice to women who are absorbed in the idea of thinness?A. They should gain weight to look healthy.B. They should be more watchful for fatal diseases.C. They should be more concerned with their overall lifestyle.