【考研类试卷】在职艺术硕士（MFA）全国联考英文阅读理解-试卷1及答案解析.doc

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1、在职艺术硕士（MFA）全国联考英文阅读理解-试卷 1 及答案解析(总分：40.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、英文阅读理解题(总题数：4，分数：40.00)It is easier to negotiate initial salary requirement because once you are inside, the organizational constraints (约束) influence wage increases. One thing, however, is certain: your chances of getting the raise you feel you

2、 deserve are less if you don“t at least ask for it. Men tend to ask for more, and they get more, and this holds true with other resources, not just pay increases. Consider Beth“s story: I did not get what I wanted when I did not ask for it. We had cubicle (小隔间) offices and window offices. I sat in t

3、he cubicles with several male colleagues. One by one they were moved into window offices, while I remained in the cubicles. Several males who were hired after me also went to offices. One in particular told me he was next in line for an office and that it had been part of his negotiations for the jo

4、b. I guess they thought me content to stay in the cubicles since I did not voice my opinion either way. It would be nice if we all received automatic pay increases equal to our merit, but “nice“ isn“t a quality attributed to most organizations. If you feel you deserve a significant raise in pay, you

5、“ll probably have to ask for it. Performance is your best bargaining chip (筹码) when you are seeking a raise. You must be able to demonstrate that you deserve a raise. Timing is also a good bargaining chip. If you can give your boss something he or she needs (a new client or a sizable contract, for e

6、xample) just before merit pay decisions are being made, you are more likely to get the raise you want. Use information as a bargaining chip too. Find out what you are worth on the open market. What will someone else pay for your services? Go into the negotiations prepared to place your chips on the

7、table at the appropriate time and prepared to use communication style to guide the direction of the interaction. (345 words)（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, before taking a job, a person should_.（分数：2.00）A.demonstrate his capabilityB.give his boss a good impressionC.ask for as much money as h

8、e canD.ask for the salary he hopes to get(2).What can be inferred from Beth“s story?（分数：2.00）A.Prejudice against women still exists in some organizations.B.If people want what they deserve, they have to ask for it.C.People should not be content with what they have got.D.People should be careful when

9、 negotiating for a job.(3).We can learn from the passage that_.（分数：2.00）A.unfairness exists in salary increasesB.most people are overworked and underpaidC.one should avoid overstating one“s performanceD.most organizations give their staff automatic pay raises(4).To get a pay raise, a person should_.

10、（分数：2.00）A.advertise himself on the job marketB.persuade his boss to sign a long-term contractC.try to get inside information about the organizationD.do something to impress his boss just before merit pay decisions(5).To be successful in negotiations, one must_.（分数：2.00）A.meet his boss at the approp

11、riate timeB.arrive at the negotiation table punctuallyC.be good at influencing the outcome: of the interactionD.be familiar with what the boss likes and dislikesIt came as something of a surprise when Diana, Princess of Wales, made a trip to Angola in 1997, to support the Red Cross“s campaign for a

12、total ban on all anti-personnel landmines. Within hours of arriving in Angola, television screens around the World were filled with images of her comforting victims injured in explosions caused by landmines. “I knew the statistics,“ she said. “But putting a face to those figures brought the reality

13、home to me; like when I met Sandra, a 13-year-old girl who had lost her leg, and people like her. “ The Princess concluded, with a simple message: “We must stop landmines. “ And she used every opportunity during her visit to repeat this message. But, back in London, her views were not shared by some

14、 members of the British government, which refused to support a ban on these weapons. Angry politicians launched an attack on the Princess in the press. They described her as “very ill-informed“ and a “loose cannon (乱放炮的人)“. The Princess responded by brushing aside the criticisms: “This is a distract

15、ion (干扰) we do not need. All I“m trying to do is to help. “ Opposition parties, the media and the public immediately voiced their support for the Princess. To make matters worse for the government, it soon emerged that the Princess“s trip had been approved by the Foreign Office, and that she was in

16、fact very well-informed about both the situation in Angola and the British government“s policy regarding landmines. The result was a severe embarrassment for the government. To try and limit the damage, the Foreign Secretary, Malcolm Rifkind, claimed that the Princess“s views on landmines were not v

17、ery different from government policy, and that it was “working towards“ a worldwide ban. The Defense Secretary, Michael Porti-llo, claimed the matter was “a misinterpretation or misunderstanding“. For the Princess, the trip to this war-torn country was an excellent opportunity to use her popularity

18、to show the world how much destruction and suffering landmines can cause. She said that the experience had also given her the chance to get closer to people and their problems. (357 words)（分数：10.00）(1).Princess Diana paid a visit to Angola in 1997_.（分数：2.00）A.to voice her support for a total ban of

19、landminesB.to clarify the British government“s stand on landminesC.to investigate the sufferings of landmine victims thereD.to establish her image as a friend of landmine victims(2).What did Diana mean when she said “putting a face to those figures brought the reality home to me“ (Lines 56, Para. 1)

20、?（分数：2.00）A.She just couldn“t bear to meet the landmine victims face to face.B.The actual situation in Angola made her feel like going back home.C.Meeting the landmine victims in person made her believe the statistics.D.Seeing the pain of the victims made her realize the seriousness of the situation

21、.(3).Some members of the British government criticized Diana because_.（分数：2.00）A.she was ill-informed of the government“s policyB.they were actually opposed to banning landminesC.she had not consulted the government before the visitD.they believed that she had misinterpreted the situation in Angola(

22、4).How did Diana respond to the criticisms?（分数：2.00）A.She paid no attention to them.B.She made more appearances on TV.C.She met the 13-year-old girl as planned.D.She rose to argue with her opponents.(5).What did Princess Diana think of her visit to Angola?（分数：2.00）A.It had caused embarrassment to th

23、e British government.B.It had brought her closer to the ordinary people.C.It had greatly promoted her popularity.D.It had affected her relations with the British government.In 1985 when a Japan Air Lines (JAL) jet crashed, its president, Yasumoto Takagi, called each victim“s family to apologize, and

24、 then promptly resigned. And in 1987, when a subsidiary of Toshiba sold sensitive military technology to the former Soviet Union, the chairman of Toshiba gave up his post. These executive actions, which Toshiba calls “the highest form of apology“, may seem bizarre to US managers. No one at Boeing re

25、signed after the JAL crash, which may have been caused by a faulty Boeing repair. The difference between the two business cultures centers around different definitions of delegation. While US executives give both responsibility and authority to their employees, Japanese executives delegate only auth

26、oritythe responsibility is still theirs. Although the subsidiary that sold the sensitive technology to the Soviets had its own management, the Toshiba top executives said they “must take personal responsibility for not creating an atmosphere throughout the Toshiba group that would make such activity

27、 unthinkable, even in an independently run subsidiary. “ Such acceptance of community responsibility is not unique to businesses in Japan. School principals in Japan have resigned when their students committed major crimes after school hours. Even if they do not quit, Japanese executives will often

28、accept primary responsibility in other ways, such as taking the first pay cut when a company gets into financial trouble. Such personal sacrifices, even if they are largely symbolic, help to create the sense of community and employee loyalty that is crucial to the Japanese way of doing business. Har

29、vard Business School professor George Lodge calls the ritual acceptance of blame “almost a feudal (封建的) way of purging (清除) the community of dishonor“, and to some in the United States, such resignations look cowardly. However, in an era in which both business and governmental leaders seem particula

30、rly good at evading responsibility, many US managers would probably welcome an infusion (灌输) of the Japanese sense of responsibility. If, for instance, US automobile company executives offered to reduce their own salaries before they asked their workers to take pay cuts, negotiations would probably

31、take on a very different character. (359 words)（分数：10.00）(1).Why did the chairman of Toshiba resign his position in 1987?（分数：2.00）A.Because in Japan, the leakage of a state secret to Russians is a grave crime.B.Because he had been under attack for shifting responsibility to his subordinates.C.Becaus

32、e in Japan, the chief executive of a corporation is held responsible for the mistake made by its subsidiaries.D.Because he had been accused of being coward towards crises that were taking place in his corporation.(2).According to the passage if you want to be a good manager in Japan, you have to（分数：

33、2.00）A.apologize promptly for your subordinates“ mistakesB.be skillful in accepting blames from customersC.make symbolic sacrifices whenever necessaryD.create a strong sense of company loyalty(3).What“s Professor George Lodge“s attitude towards the resignations of Japanese corporate leaders?（分数：2.00

34、）A.Sympathetic.B.Biased.C.Critical.D.Approving.(4).Which of the following statements is TRUE?（分数：2.00）A.Boeing had nothing to do with the JAL air crash in 1985.B.American executives consider authority and responsibility inseparable.C.School principals bear legal responsibility for students“ crimes.D

35、.Persuading employees to take pay cuts doesn“t help solve corporate crises.(5).The passage is mainly about_.（分数：2.00）A.resignation as an effective way of dealing with business crisesB.the importance of delegating responsibility to employeesC.ways of evading responsibility in times of crisesD.the dif

36、ference between two business culturesIf you know exactly what you want, the best route to a job is to get specialized training. A recent survey shows that companies like graduates in such fields as business and health care who can go to work immediately with very little on-the-job training. That“s e

37、specially true of booming fields that are challenging for workers. At Cornell“s School of Hotel Administration, for example, bachelor“s degree graduates get an average of four or five job offers with salaries ranging from the high teens to the low 20s and plenty of chances for rapid advancement. Lar

38、ge companies, especially, like a background of formal education coupled with work experience. But in the long run, too much specialization doesn“t pay off. Business, which has been flooded with MBAs, no longer considers the degree an automatic stamp of approval. The MBA may open doors and command a

39、higher salary initially, but the impact of a degree washes out after five years. As further evidence of the erosion (销蚀) of corporate (公司的) faith in specialized degrees, Michigan State“s Scheetz cites a pattern in corporate hiring practices, although companies tend to take on specialists as new hire

40、s, they often seek out generalists for middle and upper-level management. “They want someone who isn“t constrained (限制) by nuts and bolts to look at the big picture,“ says Scheetz. This sounds suspiciously like a formal statement that you approve of the liberal-arts graduate. Time and again labor-ma

41、rket analysts mention a need for talents that liberal-arts majors are assumed to have: writing and communication skills, organizational skills, open-mindedness and adaptability, and the ability to analyze and solve problems. David Birch claims he does not hire anybody with an MBA or an engineering d

42、egree, “I hire only liberal-arts people because they have a less-than-canned way of doing things,“ says Birch. Liberal-arts means an academically thorough and strict program that includes literature, history, mathematics, economics, science, human behaviorplus a computer course or two. With that und

43、er your belt, you can feel free to specialize. “A liberal-arts degree coupled with an MBA or some other technical training is a very good combination in the marketplace,“ says Scheetz. (365 words)（分数：10.00）(1).What kinds of people are in high demand on the job market?（分数：2.00）A.Students with a bache

44、lor“s degree in humanities.B.People with an MBA degree from top universities.C.People with formal schooling plus work experience.D.People with special training in engineering.(2).By saying “ but the impact of a degree washes out after five years“ (Lines 34, Para. 3), the author means_.（分数：2.00）A.mos

45、t MBA programs fail to provide students with a solid foundationB.an MBA degree does not help promotion to managerial positionsC.MBA programs will not be as popular in five years“ time as they are nowD.in five years people will forget about the degree the MBA graduates have got(3).According to Scheet

46、z“s statement (Lines 45, Para. 4), companies prefer_.（分数：2.00）A.people who have a strategic mindB.people who are talented in fine artsC.people who are ambitious and aggressiveD.people who have received training in mechanics(4).David Birch claims that he only hires liberal-arts people because_.（分数：2.

47、00）A.they are more capable of handling changing situationsB.they can stick to established ways of solving problemsC.they are thoroughly trained in a variety of specialized fieldsD.they have attended special programs in management(5).Which of the following statements does the author support?（分数：2.00）

48、A.Specialists are more expensive to hire than generalists.B.Formal schooling is less important than job training.C.On-the-job training is, in the long run, less costly.D.Generalists will outdo specialists in management.在职艺术硕士（MFA）全国联考英文阅读理解-试卷 1 答案解析(总分：40.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、英文阅读理解题(总题数：4，分数：40.00)It i

49、s easier to negotiate initial salary requirement because once you are inside, the organizational constraints (约束) influence wage increases. One thing, however, is certain: your chances of getting the raise you feel you deserve are less if you don“t at least ask for it. Men tend to ask for more, and they get more, and this holds true with other resources, not just pay increases. Consider Beth“s story: I did not get what I wanted when I did not ask for it. We had cubicle (小隔间) offices and window offices. I sat in the cubicles with several