【考研类试卷】在职艺术硕士(MFA)全国联考英文阅读理解-试卷18及答案解析.doc
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1、在职艺术硕士(MFA)全国联考英文阅读理解-试卷 18及答案解析(总分:40.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、英文阅读理解题(总题数:4,分数:40.00)President Coolidge“s statement, “The business of America is business,“ still points to an important truth todaythat business institutions have more prestige (威望) in American society than any other kind of organization, inc
2、luding the government. Why do business institutions possess this great prestige? One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society. Since competition is seen as the major source of progress and prosperity by most Amer
3、icans, competitive business institutions are respected. Competition is not only good in itself; it is the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected. Competition protects the freedom of the individual by ensuring that t
4、here is no monopoly (垄断) of power. In contrast to one all-powerful government, many businesses compete a-gainst each other for profits. Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Where man
5、y businesses compete for the customers“ dollar, they cannot afford to treat them like inferiors or slaves. A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freed
6、om than government, even though government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not. Many Americans believe, then, that competition is as important, or even more important, than democracy in preserving freedom. Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the ideal of
7、 equality of opportunity. Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardless of his or her social class background. Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based on family background. Business is therefore viewed
8、as an expression of the idea of equality of opportunity rather than the aristocratic (贵族的) idea of inherited privilege. (337 words)(分数:10.00)(1).The statement “The business of America is business“ probably means “_“.(分数:2.00)A.The business institutions in America are concerned with commerceB.Busines
9、s problems are of great importance to the American governmentC.Business is of primary concern to AmericansD.America is a great power in world business(2).Americans believe that they can realize their personal values only_.(分数:2.00)A.when given equality of opportunityB.through doing businessC.by prot
10、ecting their individual freedomD.by way of competition(3).Who can benefit from business competition?(分数:2.00)A.Honest businessmen.B.Both businessmen and their customers.C.People with ideals of equality and freedom.D.Both business institutions and government.(4).Government is believed to differ strik
11、ingly from business in that government is characterized by_.(分数:2.00)A.its absolute control of powerB.its function in preserving personal freedomC.its role in protecting basic American valuesD.its democratic way of exercising leadership(5).It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes
12、_.(分数:2.00)A.Americans are more ambitious than people in other countriesB.in many countries success often depends on one“s social statusC.American businesses are more democratic than those in other countriesD.businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in AmericaIn the 1960s, medic
13、al researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed a checklist of stressful events. They appreciated the tricky point that any major change can be stressful. Negative events like “serious illness of a family member“ were high on the list, but so were some positive life-changing events, like mar
14、riage. When you take the Holmes-Rahe test you must remember that the score does not reflect how you deal with stressit only shows how much you have to deal with. And we now know that the way you handle these events dramatically affects your chances of staying healthy. By the early 1970s, hundreds of
15、 similar studies had followed Holmes and Rahe. And millions of Americans who work and live under stress worried over the reports. Somehow, the research got boiled down to a memorable message. Women“s magazines ran headlines like “Stress causes illness!“ If you want to stay physically and mentally he
16、althy, the articles said, avoid stressful events. But such simplistic advice is impossible to follow. Even if stressful events are dangerous, manylike the death of a loved oneare impossible to avoid. Moreover, any warning to avoid all stressful events is a prescription (处方) for staying away from opp
17、ortunities as well as trouble. Since any change can be stressful, a person who wanted to be completely free of stress would never marry, have a child, take a new job or move. The notion that all stress makes you sick also ignores a lot of what we know about people. It assumes we“re all vulnerable (脆
18、弱的) and passive in the face of adversity (逆境 ). But what about human initiative and creativity? Many come through periods of stress with more physical and mental vigor than they had before. We also know that a long time without change or challenge can lead to boredom, and physical and mental straia
19、(319 words)(分数:10.00)(1).The result of Holmes-Rahe“s medical research tells us_.(分数:2.00)A.the way you handle major events may cause stressB.what should be done to avoid stressC.what kind of event would cause stressD.how to cope with sudden changes in life(2).The studies on stress in the early 1970s
20、 led to_.(分数:2.00)A.widespread concern over its harmful effectsB.great panic over the mental disorder it could causeC.an intensive research into stress-related illnessesD.popular avoidance of stressful jobs(3).The score of the Holmes-Rahe test shows_.(分数:2.00)A.how much pressure you are underB.how p
21、ositive events can change your lifeC.how stressful a major event can beD.how you can deal with life-changing events(4).Why is “such simplistic advice“ (Line 1, Para. 3) impossible to follow?(分数:2.00)A.No one can stay on the same job for long.B.No prescription is effective in relieving stress.C.Peopl
22、e have to get married someday.D.You could be missing opportunities as well.(5).According to the passage people who have experienced ups and downs may become(分数:2.00)A.nervous when faced with difficultiesB.physically and mentally strainedC.more capable of coping with adversityD.indifferent toward wha
23、t happens to themIt“s no secret that many children would be healthier and happier with adoptive parents than with the parents that nature dealt them. That“s especially true of children who remain in abusive homes because the law blindly favors biological parents. It“s also true of children who suffe
24、r for years in foster homes (收养孩子的家庭) because of parents who can“t or won“t care for them but refuse to give up custody (监护) rights. Fourteen-year-old Kimberly Mays fits neither description, but her recent court victory could eventually help children who do. Kimberly has been the object of an angry
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