【考研类试卷】考研英语-试卷227及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语-试卷 227及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Until about four decades ago, crop yields in agricultural systems depended on (1)_ res

2、ources, recycling organic matter, built-in biological control mechanisms and rainfall patterns. Agricultural yields were (2)_ but stable. Production was (3)_ by growing more than one crop or variety in space and time in a field as insurance against pest (4)_ or severe weather. Inputs of nitrogen wer

3、e (5)_ by rotating major field crops with legumes. In turn, rotations suppressed insects, weeds and diseases by effectively (6)_ the life cycles of these pests. A typical corn belt farmer grew corn (7)_ with several crops including soybeans, and small grain production was intrinsic to maintain lives

4、tock. Most of the labor was done by the family with occasional hired help and no (8)_ equipment or services were purchased from off4arm sources. In these type of farming systems the link between agriculture and ecology was quite (9)_ and signs of environment degradation were seldom evident. But as a

5、griculture modernization (10)_ the ecology-farming linkage was often broken as ecological principles were (11)_. In fact, several agricultural scientists have arrived at a (12)_ consensus that modem agriculture confronts an environment crisis. A growing number of people have become concerned about t

6、he long-term (13)_ of existing food production systems. Evidence has shown that (14)_ the present capital-and-technology-intensive fanning systems have been extremely productive and competitive, they also bring a (15)_ of economic, environmental and social problems. Evidence also shows that the very

7、 nature of the agricultural structure and prevailing polices have led to this environmental (16)_ by favoring large farm size, specialized production, crop monocultures and mechanization. Today as more and more farmers are integrated (17)_ international economies, imperatives to (18)_ disappear and

8、monocultures are rewarded by economies of scale. In turn, lack of rotations and diversification (19)_ key self-regulating mechanisms, turning monocultures into highly (20)_ agro-ecosystems dependent on high chemical inputs.（分数：40.00）A.externalB.internalC.exportedD.importedA.smallB.equivalentC.modest

9、D.maximumA.safeguardedB.ensuredC.hinderedD.disturbedA.breakthroughB.outburstC.sprawlD.outbreakA.gainedB.producedC.offeredD.providedA.recyclingB.improvingC.breakingD.repeatingA.integratedB.rotatedC.combinedD.cooperatedA.specificB.specialC.specializedD.especialA.weakB.compactC.remoteD.strongA.progress

10、edB.processedC.provokedD.prolongedA.followedB.appliedC.ignoredD.overestimatedA.generalB.commonC.uniqueD.usualA.conservationB.enduranceC.progressD.sustainabilityA.asB.whereasC.despiteD.becauseA.varietyB.numberC.quantityD.mixtureA.situationB.protectionC.crisisD.issueA.withB.toC.atD.intoA.diversionB.di

11、versityC.diseaseD.specializationA.take awayB.take inC.take offD.take upA.efficientB.proficientC.intensiveD.vulnerable二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C o

12、r D._“The news hit the British High Commission in Nairobi at nine-thirty on a Monday morning. Sandy Woodrow took it like a bullet, jaw rigid, chest out, smack through his divided English heart“, Crikey. So that“s how you take a bullet. Poor old Sandy. His English heart must be really divided now. Th

13、is deliriously hardboiled opening sets the tone for what“s to come. White mischief? Pshaw! White plague, more like it. Sandy Woodrow is head of chancery at the British High Commission in Nairobi. The news that neatly subdivides his heart as the novel opens is the death of a young, beautiful and idea

14、listic lawyer turned aid worker named Tessa Quayle. Tessa has been murdered for learning too much about the dishonest practices of a large pharmaceutical company operating in Africa. Her body is found at Lake Turkana, in northern Kenya near the border with Sudan. Tessa“s husband, Justin, is also a B

15、ritish diplomat stationed in Nairobi. Until now Justin has been an obedient civil servant, content to toe the official linein short, a hard worker. But all that changes in the aftermath of his wife“s murder. Full of righteous anger, he resolves to get to the bottom of it, come what may. “The Constan

16、t Gardener“ has got plenty of tense moments and sudden twists and comes completely with shadowy figures lurking in the bush. There is a familiar tone of gentlemanly world- weariness to it all, which should keep Mr. le Carre“s fans happy. But the novel is also an impassioned attack on the corruption

17、which allows Africa to be used as a sort of laboratory for the testing of new medicines. Elsewhere, Mr. le Carte has denounced the “corporate cam, hypocrisy, corruption and greed“ of the pharmaceutical industry. This position is excitingly dramatized in his book, even if the abuses he rails against

18、are not exactly breaking news. In other respects “The Constant Gardener“ is less satisfactory. Mr. le Carte can“t seem to make up his mind whether he“s writing a thriller or an expose. Ina recent article for the New Yorker he described his creative process as “a kind of deliberately twisted journali

19、sm, where nothing is quite what it is“ and where any encounter may be “freely recast for its dramatic possibilities“. Such is the method employed in “The Constant Gardener“, whose heroine. Mr. le Carte says, was inspired by an old friend of his. One or two prominent real-life Kenyan politicians are

20、mentioned often enough to become, in effect. “characters“ in the story. And in a note at the end of the book Mr. le Cane thanks the various diplomats, doctors, pharmaceutical experts and old Africa hands who gave him advice and assistance, though in the same breath he insists that the staff of the B

21、ritish mission in Nairobi are no doubt all jolly good eggs who bear no resemblance whatsoever to the heartless scoundrels in his story. There“s nothing wrong with a bit of artistic license, Of course. But Mr. le Carre“s equivocation about the novel“s relation to fact undermines its effectiveness as

22、a work of social criticism, which is pretty clearly what it aspires to be. “The Constant Gardener“ is a cracking thriller but a flawed exploration of a complicated set of political issues.（分数：10.00）(1).The Constant Gardener is a _.（分数：2.00）A.filmB.comedyC.novelD.document(2).The thriller is always fu

23、ll of the following features EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.tense instantsB.truth-exposureC.frightening backgroundD.sudden twists(3).The characters in “The Constant Gardener“ are NOT _.（分数：2.00）A.connected with the author“s friendsB.based on real-life peopleC.similar to the Staff of the British MissionD.outsid

24、e to the real life(4).Equivocation(Line 1, Last paragraph) means（分数：2.00）A.clear attitudeB.effectivenessC.ambiguous wordsD.determination(5).Which is the author“s attitude to Mr. Le Carte?（分数：2.00）A.disappointedB.indifferentC.criticalD.appreciativeOne of the comical moments in the early history of pr

25、inting occurred in 1631, when the English printer Robert Barker produced an edition of the scriptures which became known as the “Wicked Bible“. This edition contained a misprint of the seventh commandment. One thousand copies were printed and ready for publication before someone noticed that the com

26、mandment had been changed to “Thou shall commit adultery“. Nothing much came of it. The printer was fined, the copies destroyed and the moral fiber of the nation remained intact. But what happens when the verse at issue is not merely a printer“s error but an ancient interpolation into an even more a

27、ncient text? Such was the case with 1 John 5:7, the biblical proof-text for the doctrine of the Trinity. Erasmus, Sir Isaac Newton and John Locke, among others, challenged the text“s authenticity. When Erasmus left the verse out of the first edition of his monumental Greek New Testament (1516), he w

28、as roundly criticized for encouraging heresies, schisms and conflicts. Erasmus“s critics knew that approaching the Bible in a scholarly fashion was dangerous: even the most pious attempts at rational understanding of scripture could result in skepticism or atheism. How can one appraise the Bible cri

29、tically and still maintain its authority? In his engaging and very thorough book, David Katz explores the ways this question was addressed in England from the Reformation onward. A professor at Tel Aviv University, Katz is the author of The Jews in the History of England, 1485-1850 and a host of boo

30、ks and articles on early- modem skepticism and religion. In God“s Last Words, Katz maintains that every era responds to the Bible differently based on shifting cultural assumptions, and he examines the “lens through which the Bible was read“ in various historical moments. While Reformation leaders a

31、ccepted the transparency of the Bible“s message, by the late 17th century, this view could no longer be maintained, Katz states. During the 18th century the Bible came to be regarded as just another literary textone which increasingly had to conform to contemporary standards of realism. As Darwin“s

32、theories became widely known, 19th-century readers applied an evolutionary model to the Bible and began m see it as the product of a primitive mentality very different from their own. These new ways of reading the Bible seemed to destroy its authority completely until the fundamentalist movement rea

33、sserted the old Protestant belief in the Bible“s sole authority.（分数：10.00）(1).Why was the edition printed by Robert Barker called the “Wicked Bible“?（分数：2.00）A.Because it contained a mistake.B.Because it allowed people to commit adultery.C.Because the original content of Bible was changed a lot in t

34、his edition.D.Because a misprint of this edition affected the original meaning.(2).What is the meaning of “interpolation“(Para. 2)?（分数：2.00）A.misinterpretationB.interpretationC.translationD.explanation(3).Erasmus“s work was criticized as heresies because_.（分数：2.00）A.he adapted the BibleB.he approach

35、ed the scripture in a scholarly fashionC.he appraised the scripture criticallyD.he understood the scripture rationally(4).Katz“s attitude to the adaptation of Bible is（分数：2.00）A.positiveB.negativeC.skepticalD.indifferent(5).Which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.Reformation leaders

36、 thought all the messages in Bible were original.B.People in 18th century can adapt Bible to their wills.C.Bible was looked upon as the primitive people“s thoughts in 19th century.D.Bible“s authority was reassumed through the fundamentalist movement.Enough is never enough, not when the government be

37、lieves that it can invade your privacy without repercussions. The Justice Department wants a federal judge to force Google to turn over millions of private Internet searches. Google is rightly fighting the demand, but the government says America Online, Yahoo and MSN, Microsoft“s Online Service have

38、 already complied with similar requests. This is not about national security. The Justice Department is making this bald-faced grab to try to support an online pornography law that has been blocked once by the Supreme Court. And it“s not the first time we“ve seen this sort of behavior. The governmen

39、t has zealously protected the Patriot Act“s power to examine library records. It sought the private medical histories of a selected group of women, saying it needed the information to defend the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act in the federal courts. The furor is still raging over President Bush“s dec

40、ision m permit spying on Americans without warrants. And the government now wants what could be billions of search terms entered into Google“s web pages and possibly a million website addresses to go along with them. Protecting minors from the nastier material on the Internet is a valid goal: the co

41、urts have asked the government to test whether technologies for filtering out the bad stuff are effective. And the government hasn“t asked for users“ personal data this time around. What“s frightening is that the Justice Department is trying once again to dig up information first and answer question

42、s later, if at all. Had Google not resisted the government“s attempt to seize records, would the public have ever found about the request? The battle raises the question of how much. of our personal information companies should be allowed to hold onto in the first place. Without much thought, Intern

43、et users have handed over vast quantities of private information to corporations. Many people don“t realize that some harmlessly named “cookies“ in personal computers allow companies to track visits to various websites. Internet users permit their e-mail to be read by people and machines in ways the

44、y would never tolerate for their old-fashioned mail. And much of that information is now collected and stored by companies like Google. When pressed on privacy issues, Google whose informal motto is “Don“t be evil“says it can be trusted with this information. But profiling consumers“ behavior is pot

45、entially profitable for companies. And once catalogued, information can be abused by the government as well. Either way, the individual citizen loses.（分数：10.00）(1).In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by_.（分数：2.00）A.posing a contrastB.justifying an assumptionC.making a compariso

46、nD.presenting a phenomenon(2).The Justice Department made such a decision in order to_.（分数：2.00）A.ensure the national securityB.get some private personal dataC.fight against pornographyD.defend the women“s fights(3).By introducing the example of government seeking private medical information, the au

47、thor intends to show _.（分数：2.00）A.this kind of. behavior is very commonB.the government did so for public goodC.it is reasonable for the government to take such actionD.the government made great efforts in protecting the Patriot Act power(4).What does the last sentence of the fourth paragraph imply?

48、（分数：2.00）A.Google shouldn“t resist the government“s attempt.B.The public didn“t know the request.C.The government had successfully seized records.D.The public knew the truth thanks to Google.(5).What can be inferred from the last paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Internet users don“t allow their personal information known by others.B.Google will ensure customer“s personal information be protected.C.Internet users“ interests will be affected ultimately.D.The government may make profits by seizing the records.Even for overac