【考研类试卷】考研英语(二)-22 (1)及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语(二)-22 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)At work, as in life, attractive women get a lot of good lucks. Studies have shown that they are more likely to be 1 than their plain-Jane colleagues because people tend to project 2 traits 3 them, such as a sensitive heart

2、and a cool head, they may also be at a/an 4 in job interviews. But research suggests otherwise. Brad Hanks at Georgia State University looked at what happens when job hunters include photos with their resume, as is the 5 in much of Europe and Asia. The pair sent made-up applications to over 2,500 re

3、al-life 6 . For each job, they sent two very similar resume, one with a photo, one without. Subjects had previously been graded for their attractiveness. For men, the results were 7 expected. Hunks were more likely to be called for an interview if they included a photo. Ugly men were better off not

4、including one. However, for women this was 8 Attractive females were less likely to be offered an interview if they included a mugshot. When applying directly to a company (rather than through an agency) an attractive woman would need to send out 11 CVs on average 9 getting an interview; a/an 10 qua

5、lified plain one just seven. At first, Mr. Hanks considered 11 he calls the “dumb-blonde hypothesis“that people 12 beautiful women to be stupid. 13 , the photos had also been rated on how 14 people thought each subject looked; there was no 15 between perceived intellect and beauty. So the cause of t

6、he discrimination must 16 elsewhere. Human resources departments tend to be 17 mostly by women. Indeed, in the Israeli study, 93% of those tasked with selecting whom to invite for an interview were female. The researchers“ unavoidableand unpalatableconclusion is that old-fashioned 18 led the women t

7、o discriminate 19 pretty candidates. So should attractive women simply attach photos that make them look dowdy? No. Better, says Mr. Hanks, to discourage the practice of including a photo altogether. Companies might even consider the 20 model used in the Belgian public sector, where CVs do not even

8、include the candidate“s name.（分数：10.00）A.recruitedB.offendedC.promotedD.flatteredA.possibleB.peculiarC.perfectD.positiveA.withB.toC.inD.onA.advantageB.benefitC.favorD.edgeA.standardB.normC.criterionD.exampleA.placesB.sitesC.vacanciesD.spacesA.asB.belowC.beyondD.aboveA.diversifiedB.conversedC.reverse

9、dD.reservedA.unlessB.beforeC.whileD.whenA.suitablyB.fullyC.equallyD.ideallyA.whatB.asC.whichD.thatA.assertB.defineC.judgeD.assumeA.ThereforeB.HoweverC.AdditionallyD.ConsequentlyA.intellectualB.intelligentC.intellectD.intelligibleA.conflictB.overlapC.correlationD.allianceA.locateB.relyC.lieD.layA.sta

10、ffedB.occupiedC.populatedD.inhabitedA.admirationB.jealousyC.prejudiceD.stereotypeA.aboutB.againstC.withD.forA.analogousB.unanimousC.anonymousD.anecdotal二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Last week 8,400 British students about to enter university receive

11、d an e-mail from the Student Loans Company (SLC), a government body, reminding them to complete their application forms. It came with an attachment that listed all 8,400 e-mail addresses. The outfit later issued a sheepish apology and promised an “internal investigation“. At best, such data breaches

12、 make a small dent in a firm“s reputation and the whole thing blows over, as it did SLC“s case; at worst, though, companies lose the trust of their customers and also have to pay large frees. Sony, an ailing Japanese electronics giant, may never quite recover from breach last year, when hackers stol

13、e the personal details of over 100m customers. The explosion of data in recent years was always going to make data breaches more common, as two recent reports make clear. The first is an annual publication commissioned by Symantec, a maker of security software, and carried out by the Ponemon Institu

14、te, a data-protection researcher, to look into the cost of data breaches in several countries. Now in its seventh year, the report had some good news for Americans. Calculating the costs of investigations, compensation, customer support and projected loss of revenue, it found that the average cost t

15、o a company per breached record declined for the first time since the numbers are tracked. The figure dropped from $214 in 2010 to $194 in 2011, suggesting that companies had become better both at preventing and responding to breaches. Europeans fared less well. The cost rose from 71 to 79 ($113 to

16、$126) in Britain, from 98 to 122 ($130 to $162) in France and from 138 to 146 in privacy-conscious Germany. In all four countries, around two-thirds of all breaches were the result of technical faults and malicious attacks. But the remaining third was down to negligence. They could, in other words,

17、never have happened. The second study goes some way to explaining why they did. Iron Mountain, a data-management company, commissioned PricewaterhouseCoopers, a consultancy, to assess the risk of information loss faced by mid-size European companies based on their attitudes to managing data. The rep

18、ort looks at 600 businesses in six European countries across different sectors. It found that businesses tend to regard data protection issues as the responsibility of IT departments. More than haft thought that technology can solve the problem. Only 1% of the businesses surveyed believed it concern

19、ed all employeesand thus required a change in behavior. Both reports conclude that is precisely what is needed. Symantec“s study found a correlation between having a senior executive in charge of information security and lower costs of data breaches. “It has to start at the top,“ says Marc Duale, Ir

20、on Mountain“s head. The best solution need not be the most expensiveemployee-awareness programs and staff training can be more effective than pricey IT upgrades. Malicious attacks may be unavoidable but silly mistakes are unforgivable.（分数：10.00）(1).According to Paragraph 1, the Student Loan Company

21、_.（分数：2.00）A.was attacked by hackers maliciously just like SonyB.responded to the data disclosure in a more diplomatic way than SonyC.recovered more quickly from the data disclosure scandal than SonyD.incurred heavier financial losses from data breach case than Sony(2).The first report probes into t

22、he problem of data breach by _.（分数：2.00）A.calculating the capital that companies pour into preventing data breachB.assessing the risk of information loss faced by different companiesC.identifying the factors that contribute to data breachD.computing the loss and expenditure arising from data breach(

23、3).Which of the following statements is true according to the first report?（分数：2.00）A.The problem of data breach in America is less severe than that in three European countries.B.The majority of data breaches in America are caused by uncontrollable factors.C.America spends more in preventing data br

24、each than its European counterparts.D.America made progress in data protection while its European counterparts went backward.(4).According to the second report, the occurrence of those data breach cases which should be avoided is a result of _.（分数：2.00）A.an underestimation of the risk of information

25、 loss faced by companiesB.a lack of senior executives in charge of information securityC.the negligence of duty of staff in IT departmentD.the failure to instill the concept of information security into every employees(5).From the last paragraph, we know that the best way to improve data protection

26、performance, companies should _.（分数：2.00）A.start a top-down information security training involving all employeesB.upgrade data processing software of IT departmentC.equip senior executives with more knowledge about information protectionD.include data protection in the performance assessment of all

27、 employees五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Americans are supposed to be mobile and even pushy. Saul Bellow“s Augie March declares, “I am an American. first to knock, first admitted.“ In “The Grapes of Wrath,“ young Tom Joad loads up his car with pork snacks and relatives, and the family flees the Oklahoma fo

28、r California. Along the way, Grandma dies, but the Joads keep going. But sometime in the past 30 years, someone has hit the brakes and Americansparticularly young Americanshave become risk-averse and sedentary. The likelihood of 20-somethings moving to another state has dropped well over 40 percent

29、since the 1980s, according to calculations based on Census Bureau data. The stuck-at-home mentality hits college-educated Americans as well as those without high school degrees. Even bicycle sales are lower now than they were in 2000. Today“s generation is literally going nowhere. An increasing numb

30、er of teenagers are not even bothering to get their driver“s licenses. Back in the early 1980s, 80 percent of 18-year-olds proudly strutted out of the D. M. V. with new licenses, according to a study by researchers at the University of Michigan“s Transportation Research Institute. By 2008even before

31、 the Great Recessionthat number had dropped to 65 percent. Though it“s easy to blame the high cost of cars or gasoline, Comerica Bank“s Automobile Affordability Index shows that it takes fewer weeks of work income to buy a car today than in the early 1980s, and inflation-adjusted gasoline prices did

32、n“t get out of line until a few years ago. Perhaps young people are too happy at home checking Facebook. In a study of 15 countries, Michael Sivak, a professor at the University of Michigan“s Transportation Research Institute, found that when young people spent more time on the Internet, they delaye

33、d getting their driver“s licenses. “More time on Facebook probably means less time on the road,“ he said. That may mean safer roads, but it also means a bumpier, less vibrant economy. Generation Y has become Generation Why Bother. The Great Recession and the still weak economy make the trend toward

34、risk aversion worse. Children raised during recessions ultimately take fewer risks with their investments and their jobs. Even when the recession passes, they don“t strive as hard to find new jobs, and they hang on to lousy jobs longer. Research by the economist Lisa B. Kahn of the Yale School of Ma

35、nagement shows that those who graduated from college during a poor economy experienced a relative wage loss even 15 years after entering the work force. In the mid-“70s, back when every high school kid longed for his driver“s license and a chance to hit the road and find freedom, Bruce Springsteen w

36、rote his brilliant, exciting album “Born to Run.“ A generation later, as kids began to hunker down, Mr. Springsteen wrote his depressing “The Ghost of Tom Joad.“ We need to reward and encourage forward movement, not slouching. That may sound harsh, but do we really want to turn into a country where

37、young Americans can“t even recognize the courage of Tom Joad?（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following spirit is not characteristic of Americans in the 1980s?（分数：2.00）A.adventurousB.reflectiveC.pioneeringD.entrepreneurial(2).Fewer American youngsters taking driving test is a phenomenon _.（分数：2.00）A.stemm

38、ing from a widespread concern over soaring car and petrol priceB.descriptive of a younger generation less motivated to move up in the societyC.closely correlated with the popularity of modem information technologyD.closely related with less deaths on American roads(3).The point the author wants to m

39、ake in Paragraph 5 is that _.（分数：2.00）A.weak economy plays a part in the formation of a less mobile societyB.the effect of economic crisis lingers longer than people have expectedC.a less ambitious generation may result in a less vibrant economyD.some effects of economic crisis may be too subtle to

40、recognize(4).Young people raised in tough economic crisis _.（分数：2.00）A.tend to hold a more pessimistic attitude toward lifeB.are less likely to hop from job to jobC.tend to try their luck more frequentlyD.are paid less than those living in booming period(5).Which of the following may be the best tit

41、le for this text?（分数：2.00）A.The Facebook GenerationB.The Lost GenerationC.The Go-nowhere GenerationD.The Recession Generation六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Like a lot of carless New Yorkers, I am generally confused by bursts of populist outrage over high gas prices. But I have always assumed that the anger

42、 is genuine. But amid the recent mania over prices hitting $4 a gallon, I decided to figure out whether this fury is economically rational. So I took a look at data from the Census Bureau, which conducts a quarterly survey of American spending habits. During these last few years of historically high

43、 oil prices, Americans spent about $40 a week, or $2,000 a year, on gas. That“s around 5 percent of our overall spending. It“s less than half of what we spend on restaurants and entertainment. High gas prices must be forcing Americans to cut back in other ways, right? That“s what the economist Lutz

44、Kilian at the University of Michigan wondered. He looked at personal spending habits during periods of high energy prices and discovered that “somewhat surprisingly, there is no significant decline in total expenditures on recreation,“ which was one place they expected to find frugality. In other wo

45、rds, Americans may protest loudly, but their economic behavior indicates a remarkable indifference to the price of oil. While sustained high gas prices would certainly produce some turmoil, so would potential spikes in countless other globally traded commodities. But there“s a reason populist outcri

46、es don“t start around soybean prices or magnesium spikes. Oil is the only volatile commodity that most Americans deal with directly: we are buffered from most other price swings by our relative wealth. Unlike people in poor countries, consumers here don“t generally buy raw commodity foods; we buy ou

47、r meals processed or prepared. With most goods, the commodity price has even less impact on cost. “When people buy a phone,“ Kilian says, “they don“t buy the copper that makes the wiring.“ With gas, though, hurtling prices are unavoidable. Every day, U. S. drivers pay a price determined by forces al

48、l over the world that are hard to understand and harder for the United States to control. Even if we invested in better refineries and exploited every possible energy source, from the Keystone pipeline to the Alaskan wilderness, the impact could be minimal. It could eventually lower prices at the pu

49、mpbut only if nothing else affects them, like OPEC lowering its production to drive prices back up again. The price of oil is, of course, affected by hundreds of interrelated factors. Many analysts I“ve spoken with suggest that oil prices should fall fairly soon. This will be welcome news to the less-fortunate American families who are not impervious to the price at the pump and to anyone who claims to be pinching pennies because of gas. But as unpopular as it may sound, the best possible future for most Americans may involve much high