【考研类试卷】考博英语-试卷291及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-试卷 291 及答案解析(总分：144.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：40，分数：80.00)1.Confucianism has evolved into a culture of rationalistic traditionalism, a combination of traditional_and group virtues with a pragmatism shaped by the conditions of a new competitive environment.（分数：2.00）A.helmB.assault

2、C.filialD.derivation2.The wind may_the palms in Langkawi, but windsurfing is the only way to enjoy it. The waters of Phuket are crystal clear, but snorkeling is merely an option.（分数：2.00）A.hauntB.rustleC.peepD.patent3.In_, the whole tangled saga is a classic case of serious allegations falling throu

3、gh the cracks between federal, state and local jurisdictions and between state lines.（分数：2.00）A.countenanceB.retrospectC.gaugeD.injection4.“Our life is_away by detail. Simplify, simplify. “ That dictum of Henry David Thoreaus, echoing from the days of steamboats and ox-drawn plows, had long haunted

4、me.（分数：2.00）A.fritteredB.quenchedC.reproachedD.scouted5.The view from the 23rd floor of the sleek tower on Barcelonas Avenida Diagonal _opaquely as summer smog oozes across the Olympic landscape below.（分数：2.00）A.subtractsB.shimmersC.simulatesD.repents6.Special may be too impoverished a word to descr

5、ibe this triumph for a man who climbed to the pinnacle of sport from_beginnings as the sponsor of a roller-hockey team.（分数：2.00）A.providentialB.illicitC.obscureD.urbane7.Veteran track trainer Johnson is scathing in his_ of the leaders of the I. O.C., “These people are megalomaniacs. They are power-h

6、ungry administrators. “（分数：2.00）A.heredityB.helicopterC.appraisalD.flame8.Now the_port city near the mouth of the mighty Yangtze River is hoping to leave its record of turmoil behind and renew its status as the epicenter of Chinese modernization.（分数：2.00）A.flappedB.congestedC.dinedD.dictated9.I was_

7、to learn that you are going to spend the summer with your parents in Hong Kong.（分数：2.00）A.disgracedB.distractedC.thrilledD.bleached10.It is impossible to say how it will take place, because it will happen_, and it will not be a long process.（分数：2.00）A.spontaneouslyB.consequentlyC.approximatelyD.prin

8、cipally11.I had to take a step, even though I understand that that step was in the direction of_rather than success.（分数：2.00）A.prestigeB.coefficientC.catastropheD.compliment12.An enlarged prostate may_the bladder and pinch off the urethra, causing pain and difficulty with urination.（分数：2.00）A.collab

9、orateB.compressC.botherD.boil13.We have many holidays from the end of March till the beginning of April. They are the best days for_.（分数：2.00）A.bladeB.coincidenceC.balconyD.entertainment14.Nor has Washington yet_to Mexican demands for a treaty specifying extradition for U. S. officials who disregard

10、 the new stricture.（分数：2.00）A.profanedB.contemplatedC.accededD.manipulated15.The area is_with trails, some as wide as boulevards, that have been cut and maintained by elephants.（分数：2.00）A.blackmailedB.latticedC.isolatedD.galloped16.As a_major, he enjoyed working in the steel plant.（分数：2.00）A.metallu

11、rgyB.geologyC.astronomyD.seismology17.Being the manager of a large corporation, he has a great deal of_to deal with every day.（分数：2.00）A.correspondentsB.correspondenceC.incidenceD.dependence18.She bought various_, which later reminded her of the trip to Thailand.（分数：2.00）A.segmentsB.assignmentsC.pes

12、tsD.souvenirs19.People are waiting for_of whether the man is innocent or not.（分数：2.00）A.predictionB.perturbationC.expeditionD.confirmation20.He is such a_that he built a porch for his house last summer during his vacation.（分数：2.00）A.productiveB.versatileC.authoritativeD.solitary21.Laura, who comes f

13、rom a wealthy family, spends most of her time enjoying herself, but takes_pains with her lessons.（分数：2.00）A.littleB.fewC.a littleD.a few22.She felt a bit_in the autumn air so she went in to fetch a coat.（分数：2.00）A.chillyB.freshC.shiveringD.cool23.After lunch I felt_enough to ask my boss for a rise i

14、n my weekly wages.（分数：2.00）A.strongB.bold fearlessC.fearlessD.rash24.An area of rich forests was_to life.（分数：2.00）A.advantageousB.decorativeC.attractedD.privileged25.As the clouds drifted away an even higher peak became_to the climbers.（分数：2.00）A.visibleB.obviousC.apparentD.plain26.You must try your

15、 best to_to the new environment.（分数：2.00）A.adoptB.adaptC.adjustD.affect27.The terrible noise is_me mad.（分数：2.00）A.turningB.settingC.drivingD.putting28.He has just_to a letter from a friend of his in Japan.（分数：2.00）A.answeredB.offeredC.returnedD.replied29.Colour-blind people often find it difficult t

16、o_between blue and green.（分数：2.00）A.separateB.compareC.distinguishD.contrast30.Bill couldnt_an answer when the teacher asked him why he was late.（分数：2.00）A.come up withB.come overC.come onD.come up to31.We must_on our reputation to expand the business.（分数：2.00）A.improveB.buildC.developD.weigh32._it

17、or not, his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles.（分数：2.00）A.BelieveB.To believeC.BelievingD.Believed33._does business with that fellow is bound to lose money.（分数：2.00）A.WhoeverB.WhoC.No matter whoD.However34.Ann never dreams of_for her to be sent abroad very soon.（分数：2.00）A.there being

18、 a chanceB.there to be a chanceC.there be a chanceD.being a chance35.Frequently single-parent children_some of the functions that the absent adult in the house would have served.（分数：2.00）A.take offB.take afterC.take inD.take on36.Whenever a big company_a small one, the product almost always gets wor

19、se.（分数：2.00）A.gets on withB.cuts downC.takes overD.puts up with37.Samuel was obliged to compromise on lesser questions.（分数：2.00）A.was compelledB.was delightedC.was preparedD.was only too ready38.Children tend to_while playing, even if they make a promise before.（分数：2.00）A.lose all count of timeB.kee

20、p all count of timeC.be aware of the passage of timeD.waste time39.A survey was carried out on the death rate of new-born babies in that region, _were surprising.（分数：2.00）A.as resultsB.which resultsC.the results of itD.the results of which40.Our manager is so_in his thinking, he never listens to new

21、 ideas.（分数：2.00）A.stiffB.rigidC.tenseD.tight二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：58.00)To produce the upheaval in the United States that changed and modernized the domain of higher education from the mid 1860s to the mid 1880s, three primary causes interacted. The emergence of a half dozen leaders in edu

22、cation provided the personal force that was needed. Moreover, an outcry for a fresher, more practical, and more advanced kind of instruction arose among the alumni and friends of nearly all of the old colleges and grew into a movement that overrode all conservative opposition. The aggressive “Young

23、Yale“ movement appeared, demanding partial alumni control, a more liberal spirit, and a broader course of study. The graduates of Harvard University simultaneously rallied to relieve the Universitys poverty and demand new enterprise. Education was pushing toward higher standard in the East by throwi

24、ng off church leadership everywhere, and in the west by finding a wider range of studies and a new sense of public duty. The old style classical education received its most crushing blow in the citadel of Harvard University, where Dr. Charles Elliot, a young captain of thirty five, son of a former t

25、reasurer of Harvard, led the progressive forces. Five revolutionary advances were made during the five years of Dr. Elliot administration. They were the elevation and amplification of entrance requirements, the enlargement of the curriculum and the development of the elective system, the recognition

26、 of graduate study in the liberal arts, the raising of professional training in law, medicine, and engineering to a postgraduate level, and the fostering of greater maturity in student life. Standards of admission were sharply advanced in 18721873 and 18761877. By the appointment of a dean to take c

27、harge of student affairs, and a wise handling of discipline, the undergraduates were led to regard themselves more as young gentlemen and less as young animals. One new course of study or another was opened upscience, music, the history of the fine arts, advanced Spanish, political economy, physics,

28、 classical philosophy, and international law.（分数：8.00）(1).The passage mainly deals with_.（分数：2.00）A.innovations in the United States higher education in the late 1800sB.Harvard University graduates successC.the development of Harvard UniversityD.the aggressive “Young Yale“ movement(2).According to t

29、he passage, what can be inferred about Harvard University before the innovations?（分数：2.00）A.Courses were more practical.B.Educators laid great stress on the maturity in student life.C.Admission standards were higher.D.Students were younger.(3).Which of the following can be inferred from the passage

30、about old style classical education?（分数：2.00）A.Most students majored in law.B.The courses were too difficult.C.The curriculum was not reasonable.D.Students could get Masters degree in the liberal art.(4).Which of the following is not true?（分数：2.00）A.Several leaders in education made great efforts to

31、 promote the educational innovations.B.Church leaders influenced education a lot before the progressive changed.C.College entrance requirements were elevated in the late 1800s.D.The sense of public duty was neglected in the late 1800s.“It was the beginning of a revolution in America and the world, a

32、 revolution that some have yet to acknowledge and many have yet to appreciate,“ says Harold Skramstad, president of the Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn, Michigan. 1776? No indeed: 1896, when Frank Duryea finally perfected the Duryea Motor Wagon. At its first airing, the contraption rolled less than 10

33、0 metres before the transmission froze up. But by the end of 1896 Duryea had sold 13 of them, thus giving birth to the American motor industry. That industry(whose roots, outside America, are usually attributed to tinkerings by Messrs Daimler and Benz in Germany)is being celebrated hugely over the c

34、oming months, culminating with a Great American Cruise in Detroit in June. “Our goal is to attract the greatest collection of antique and classic cars this nation has ever seen in one place at one time,“ says Mr. Skramstad modestly. Americans may indeed blame the car for almost everything that has h

35、appened to their country, and themselves, since 1896. The car has determined: The way they live. From cradle to grave, the car marks every rite of American passage. Home by car from the maternity ward; first driving licence(usually at the age of 16); first(backseat)sexual experience; first car of on

36、es own(and the make of car is a prime determinant of social status, symbolic of everything a person is or does). In Las Vegas, and elsewhere, Americans can get married at drive-in chapels. They then buy, or lust after, a house with garages big enough for not one but two or three cars. This allocates

37、 more space to cars than to children. And when the time comes, they may lie in state at a drive-through funeral home, where you can pay your respects without pulling over. The way they shop. Main Street has been replaced by the strip mall and the shopping mall, concentrating consumer goods in an aut

38、o-friendly space. A large part of each shopping trip must now be spent, bags under chin, searching for the place where the car was left.(And another point; bags have annoyingly lost their carrying handles since shoppers ceased to be pedestrian)Since car-friendly living and shopping became the role,

39、most built-up parts of America now look like every other part. There is simply no difference between a Burger Inn in California and one on the outskirts of Boston. The way they eat. A significant proportion of Americans weekly meals are now consumed inside cars, sometimes while parked outside the(dr

40、ive-by)eatery concerned, sometimes en route, which leads to painful spillages in laps, leading to overburdening of the legal system. Dozens of laws have been written to deal with car cases, ranging from traffic disputes to product liability. Drive-by shootings require a car, as do most getaways. The

41、 car is a great crime accessory; and it also causes the deaths of nearly 40,000 Americans every year. Personal finances. Before the age of the car, few people went into debt; no need to borrow money to buy a home. Now Americans tie themselves up with extended installment loans, and this in turn has

42、spawned a whole financial industry. The wealth of the nation. By 1908, an estimated 485 different manufacturers were building cars in the United States. Employment grew nearly 100-fold in the industry during the first decade of the 20th century. When Henry Ford, in a stroke of genius, automated his

43、production line he required a rush of new, unskilled labour, which he enticed by offering an unheard-of $ 5 a day in wages. Henceforth, workers could actually afford to buy what they built. And Americans never looked back. Today, the Big Three car manufacturers(Food, GM and Chrysler)generate more th

44、an $ 200 billion a year in business inside the United States. Directly and indirectly, the industry employs roughly one in seven workers. Every car job is reckoned to add $ 100,000 in goods and services to the economy, twice the national average. People occasionally suppose that the car is under att

45、ack as it enters its second century. Environmental regulators and transport planners(with their talk of car pools and subways)tend to give this impression. There are signs that personal computers may be replacing the sports car as the chief passion, and expense, of young men. But, in the end, nothin

46、g beats the idea of individual mobility. In a society that values freedom above all, the obvious way to celebrate a centenary is just to keep driving.（分数：10.00）(1).The article was written in order to_.（分数：2.00）A.introduce new models of automobilesB.emphasize automobiles have brought wealth to the na

47、tionC.commemorate the centenary anniversary of the birth of the American motor industryD.illustrate the rapid development of automobile industry in America(2).The coming celebration of American automobile industry_.（分数：2.00）A.will be held outside AmericaB.will include a display of different variety

48、of classic carsC.will begin in June in Detroit, lasting for a monthD.will be chaired by Mr. Skramstad(3).According to the passage, _.（分数：2.00）A.American automobile industry slowed down its employment of staff since 1900B.five dollars a day for the blue collar worker was quite a decent wage at the be

49、ginning of the centuryC.every car produced will enable the manufacturers to have a profit of $ 100,000D.Ford, GM and Chrysler, the only existing motor manufacturers in U. S. have a business of $ 200 billion annually(4).It is suggested that automobiles will not be as popular as before owing to the possibility that_.（分数：2.00）A.Americans tie themselves up with extend