【考研类试卷】考博英语-509及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-509 及答案解析(总分：99.99，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Reading Compr(总题数：4，分数：20.00)Called by many critics the greatest achievement of English lyrical poetry, this elegy was written upon the death of a fellow alumnus of Miltons, Edward King, who was drowned in the Irish Sea in 1637. A group of Kings former schoo

2、lmates at Cambridge issued a commemorative volume titled Obsequies to the Memory of Mr. Edward King (1638). It was in this limited publication that Lycidas first appeared. Heretofore, of his great poems only Comus had been published, and that anonymously.Lycidas is not an expression of personal grie

3、f ( personal grief was to be eloquent in Miltons next important poem, the Latin Epitaphium Damonis), but rather a record of the thoughts that Kings death evoked in the poet. King had written verses himself and had prepared himself for the Church. These two facts of the dead mans career form the basi

4、s for what Milton had to say. Outwardly the poem is written in the tradition of pastoral poetry, and more particularly in the tradition of the pastoral elegy as exhibited in the ancient Greek Lament for Bion by Moschus. The poet is spoken of as a shepherd. But Milton introduces the innovation of ide

5、ntifying the Christian idea of shepherd (pastor) as meaning priest. In a wonderful fusion of pagan and Christian tradition, Milton makes his elegy the occasion for a scathing attack on the corruptions of the clergy in his time, with parenthetical thrusts of scorn at his trivial contemporaries, the C

6、avalier poets.Samuel Johnson, who disliked all pastoral poetry, made the one outstandingly foolish judgment of his career, in dismissing Lycidas as a work of an. He said its “diction is harsh, the rhymes uncertain, and the numbers unpleasing, “-a testimony of the fact that Johnson was deaf to the re

7、finements of English poetry at its subtlest, for Lycidas is an exquisite piece of music from the first line through the last. Moreover, Johnson was upset at the mingling of “trifling fictions“ with “the most awful and sacred truths, such as ought never to be polluted with such irreverent combination

8、s.“ That pronouncement can only mean that Johnson failed to grasp the noble idea at the center of the poem: Miltons definition of the high function of a poet.（分数：5.00）(1).Samuel Johnson disliked Lycidas because _.（分数：1.00）A.he was deafB.he made a foolish judgmentC.it was a pastoral poemD.he was not

9、a friend of Edward King(2).Lycidas first appeared _.（分数：1.00）A.in a thin volumeB.in 1637C.in a collection of memorial commentD.because Edward King drowned(3).Lycidas differed from Comus in that it _.（分数：1.00）A.was signedB.was written in LatinC.was written in EnglishD.contained innovations(4).Lycidas

10、 is called an elegy because it _.（分数：1.00）A.is a pastoral poemB.has religious overtonesC.is based on Greek modelsD.praises the memory of a deceased person(5).According to this passage, Milton believed that _.（分数：1.00）A.it was necessary to combine truth and fictionB.the clergy of the seventeenth cent

11、ury was corruptC.Edward King deserved a lyric poemD.writing should be published anonymouslyThe oldest adult human skull yet found belongs to the lowest grade of Homo erectus, and to the Australoid line. It is known as Pithecanthropus (Ape-Man) Number 4, because it was the fourth of its kind to be fo

12、und. All four were unearthed in river banks in central Java. Number 4 is about 700,000 years old, and Numbers 1,2, and 3 between 600,000 and 500,000. We know this because tektites-small, glassy nodules from outer space-were found in the same beds as the first three, and the beds containing Number 4

13、lay underneath the tektite bed, along with the bones of a more ancient group of animals. These tektites have been picked up in large numbers in Java, the Philippines, and Australia, where they all fell in a single celestial shower. Their age-approximately 600,000 years-has been accurately measured i

14、n several laboratories by nuclear chemical analysis, through the so-called argon-potassium method.Pithecanthropus Number 4 consists of the back part of a skull and its lower face, palate, and upper teeth. As reconstructed by Weidenreich, it is a brutal-looking skull, with heavy crests behind for pow

15、erful neck muscle attachments, a large palate, and large teeth, as in apes. The brain size of this skull was about 900 cubic centimeters; modern human brains range from about 1,000 to 2,000 cc with an average of about 1,450 cc. The brains of apes and Australopithecines are about 350 to 650 cc. So Pi

16、thecanthropus Number 4 was intermediate in brain size between apes and living men.His fragmentary skull was not the only find made in the beds it lay in. Nearby were found the cranial vault of a two-year-old baby, already different from those of living infants, and a piece of chinless adult lower ja

17、w. Two other jaws have been discovered in the same deposits which were much larger than any in the world certainly belonged to a Homo erectus. They are called Meganthropus (Big Man) and may have belonged to a local kind of Australopithecine, but this is not certain, If so, Homo erectus coexisted wit

18、h, or overlapped, the Anstralopithecines in Java as well as in South Africa, which implies that man did not originate in either place, but somewhere in between.（分数：5.00）(1).Tektites are _.（分数：1.00）A.found with the bones of animalsB.crystalline lumps of a glassy substanceC.a step in evolutionD.as old

19、 as Ape-Man Number 4(2).From this passage, we may conclude that Australopithecines are _.（分数：1.00）A.ape-like creaturesB.inhabitants of AustraliaC.brutal and powerfulD.smaller than humans(3).Scientists are certain that Pithecanthropus Number 4 is older than Pithecanthropus Numbers 1,2, and 3 because

20、_.（分数：1.00）A.it was discovered later than the othersB.it was found with tektitesC.of chemical analysisD.it was underneath all the tektites(4).The age of prehistoric fossils can be determined by _.（分数：1.00）A.nuclear chemical analysisB.data left with the fossilsC.reconstructing the skullD.external evi

21、dence in the ground in which the fossil is found(5).We may conclude from the data about the brain size of the skulls of Pithecanthropus Numbers 1,2,3 and 4 and modem human brains that _.（分数：1.00）A.modem man is largerB.modern man is smallerC.modern man is less brutal-lookingD.Pithecanthropus Number l

22、s brain size was more than an AustralopithecinesThe drama critic, on the other hand, has no such advantage. He cannot be selective; he must cover everything that is offered for public scrutiny in the principal playhouses of the city where he works. The column space that seemed, yesterday, so pitiful

23、ly inadequate to contain his comments on Long Days Journey Into Night is roughly the same as that which yawns today for his verdict on the latest scrap of milk-fed Kitsch that has chanced to find for itself a numbskull hacker with a hundred thousand dollars to lose. This state of affairs may help to

24、 explain why the New York theater reviewers are so often, and so unjustly, stigmatized as baleful and destructive fiends. They spend most of their professional lives attempting to pronounce intelligent judgments on plays that have no aspiration to intelligence. It is hardly surprising that they lash

25、 out occasionally; in fact, what amazes me about them is that they do not lash out more violently and more frequently. As Shaw said of his fellow-critics in the nineties, they are “a culpably indulgent body of men.“ Imagine the verbal excoriations that would be inflicted if Lionel Trilling, or someo

26、ne of comparable eminence, were called on to review five books a month of which three were novelettes composed of criminal confessions. The butchers of Broadway would seem lambs by comparison.（分数：5.00）(1).In writing this passage, the authors chief concern seems to be to _.（分数：1.00）A.comment on the p

27、oor quality of our playsB.show why book reviewing is easier than play reviewingC.point up the opinions of ShawD.defend the work of the play critic(2).The passage indicates that the drama critic is _.（分数：1.00）A.inclined to be objectiveB.conditioned by certain requirements of his columnC.happy to obli

28、ge the backers of playsD.mindful of the value of public opinion(3).Tile passage suggests that as a play Long Days Journey into Night was _.（分数：1.00）A.inconsequentialB.worthwhileC.poorly writtenD.long(4).Lionel Trilling is most probably a _.（分数：1.00）A.follower of ShawB.drama criticC.book reviewerD.cr

29、ime reporter(5).The paragraph previous to this one most probably discusses the _.（分数：1.00）A.work of a book reviewerB.characteristics of the reading publicC.advantages of being a drama criticD.costs of play productionRocks which have solidified directly from molten materials are called igneous rocks.

30、 Igneous rocks are commonly referred to as primary rocks because they are the original source of material found in sedimentaries and metamorphics. Igneous rocks compose the greater part of the earths crust, but they are generally covered at the surface by a relatively thin layer of sedimentary or me

31、tamorphic rocks. Igneous rocks are distinguished by the following characteristics: (1) they contain no fossils; (2) they have no regular arrangement of layers; and (3) they are nearly always made up of crystals.Sedimentary rocks are composed largely of minute fragments derived from the disintegratio

32、n of existing rocks and in some instances from the remains of animals. As sediments are transported, individual fragments are assorted according to size. Distinct layers of such sediments as gravels, sand, and clay build up, as they are deposited by water and occasionally wind. These sediments vary

33、in size with the material and the power of the eroding agent. Sedimentary materials are laid clown in layers called strata.When sediments harden into sedimentary rocks, the names applied to them change to indicate the change in physical state. Thus, small stones and gravel cemented together are know

34、n as conglomerates; cemented sand becomes sandstone; and hardened clay becomes shale. In addition to these, other sedimentary rocks such as limestone frequently result from the deposition of dissolved material. The ingredient parts are normally precipitated by organic substances, such as shells of c

35、lams or hard skeletons of other marine life.Both igneous and sedimentary rocks may be changed by pressure, heat, solution, or cementing action. When individual grains from existing rocks tend to deform and interlock, they are called metamorphic rocks. For example, granite, an igneous rock, may be me

36、tamorphosed into a gneiss or a schist. Limestone, a sedimentary rock, when subjected to heat and pressure may become marble, a metamorphic rock. Shale under pressure becomes slate.（分数：5.00）(1).Which one of the following is a metamorphic rock?（分数：1.00）A.Granite.B.Shale.C.Slate.D.Limeston(2).One facto

37、r that does not cause a change in rock structure is _.（分数：1.00）A.heatB.windC.pressureD.solution(3).If a rock formation is stratified, we may assume that it _.（分数：1.00）A.is the result of volcanic actionB.is crystalline in structureC.was built up over a period of yearsD.is metamorphic(4).In a granite

38、quarry, we may expect to find _.（分数：1.00）A.strataB.limestoneC.metamorphic rockD.no trace of fossils(5).The person most interested in the ideas found in this passage would most likely be a _.（分数：1.00）A.sculptorB.archeologistC.paleontologistD.geologist二、Part Vocabulary(总题数：30，分数：30.00)1.Industrial lea

39、ders are Worried lest new inventions make their plants unprofitable to operate; they therefore wish to protect themselves against possible _.（分数：1.00）A.depreciationB.obsolescenceC.casualtiesD.bankruptcies2.He has the _ distinction of being the only one in the class to fail the examination.（分数：1.00）A

40、.dubiousB.impressiveC.remarkableD.extrinsic3.It has been said that printing does as much harm as good, since it gives us bad books as well as good ones and _ falsehood and error no less than knowledge and truth.（分数：1.00）A.displaysB.betraysC.demonstratesD.propagates4.Mary could invite her friends to

41、the house at her own _ if she told her mother in time.（分数：1.00）A.prudenceB.discretionC.reactionD.exertion5.What he expected was _ applause for his performance, not a polite spattering noise.（分数：1.00）A.moroseB.prodigiousC.transientD.spontaneous6.No one really knows who composed this piece of music, b

42、ut it has been _ to Bach.（分数：1.00）A.identifiedB.associatedC.referredD.attributed7.We have in America a _ speech that is neither American, Oxford English, nor English but a combination of the three.（分数：1.00）A.hybridB.nasalC.mangledD.feigned8.In the British theater young people under thirty-five have

43、not had much _ getting recognition onstage, but offstage-in the ranks of playwrights, directors, designers, administrators-they have mostly been relegated to relative obscurity.（分数：1.00）A.troubleB.satisfactionC.curiosity aboutD.fear of9.Those who let uncertainty _ rarely achieve much.（分数：1.00）A.turn

44、 them downB.send them downC.weigh them downD.take them down10.The _ of the undertaking did not discourage the researchers.（分数：1.00）A.intoleranceB.futilityC.proximityD.reminiscence11.An intelligent TV viewer may occasionally become enraged by the _ argumentation in commercials.（分数：1.00）A.imperativeB.

45、fallaciousC.persuasiveD.fabulous12.The doctor warned him that his _ nature made him susceptible to a stroke and urged him to curb his temper.（分数：1.00）A.chronicB.illusoryC.cholericD.candid13.Your headache is likely to _ if its real cause is not identified and proper treatment should be administered a

46、ccordingly.（分数：1.00）A.cureB.recoverC.recurD.release14.In his usual _ manner, he had insured himself against this type of loss.（分数：1.00）A.indifferentB.pensiveC.cautiousD.caustic15.Because he is _ , we cannot predict what course he will follow at any moment.（分数：1.00）A.incoherentB.quietC.capriciousD.ha

47、rmful16.Their confidence in him was greatly _ by his prolonged hesitation before taking any action.（分数：1.00）A.appreciatedB.confirmedC.underminedD.cherished17.Weather exports use the _ of the barometer as one of their guides in predicting the weather.（分数：1.00）A.isobarsB.fluctuationsC.gradationsD.merc

48、ury18.He was _ and ready to conform to the pattern set by his friends.（分数：1.00）A.complacentB.compliantC.determinedD.intractable19.There was so much _ material in the essay that it was difficult to get the authors message.（分数：1.00）A.exemplaryB.commonplaceC.superficialD.impertinent20.An institution co

49、ncerned about its reputation is at the mercy of the actions of its members, because the misdeeds of individuals are often used to _ the institutions of which they are a part.（分数：1.00）A.coerceB.honorC.discreditD.intimidate21.The flashing red light served as a _ of danger ahead.（分数：1.00）A.predictorB.cautionC.precautionD.prevention22.The speaker went on and on, _ to his l