【考研类试卷】考博英语-157及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-157 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Vocabulary(总题数：50，分数：100.00)1.Whether the extension of consciousness is a “good thing“ for human being is a question that _ a wide solution.（分数：2.00）A.admits ofB.requires ofC.needs ofD.seeks for2.Apple pie is _ neither good nor bad; it is the way it is used that

2、 determines its value.（分数：2.00）A.at itselfB.as itselfC.on itselfD.in itself3.At first, movies were little more than amusing _ pictures that appeared to move.（分数：2.00）A.novelsB.noveltiesC.noticesD.novices4._ commutation via the telegraph began in the 1840s, just before the Civil War, and via the tele

3、phone just afterward (1870s).（分数：2.00）A.InstantaneousB.SpontaneousC.SimultaneousD.Instinctive5.I don“t understand what you“re getting so _ about. It“s really not a problem.（分数：2.00）A.worked outB.worked upC.worked overD.worked against6.The school shooting triggered a barrage of transparently irreleva

4、nt proposed solutions, tossed out without regard to their relevance to the events that supposedly _ the proposals.（分数：2.00）A.occasionedB.concernedC.illuminatedD.ensued7.Parents have a legal _ to ensure that their children are provided with efficient education suitable to their age.（分数：2.00）A.impulse

5、B.influenceC.obligationD.sympathy8.Most nurses are women, but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are in a _.（分数：2.00）A.scarcityB.minorityC.minimumD.shortage9.David likes country life and has decided to _ fanning.（分数：2.00）A.go in forB.go back onC.go through withD.go along with10.Jack

6、 was about to announce our plan but I _.（分数：2.00）A.put him throughB.turned him outC.gave him upD.cut him short11.As for the missing funds, the company manager, when demanded to give an explanation, could not even come up with a _ one.（分数：2.00）A.plaintiveB.pervasiveC.perpetualD.plausible12.Last year,

7、 the crime rate in Chicago has sharply _.（分数：2.00）A.declinedB.lessenedC.descendedD.slipped13.The republication of the poet“s most recent works will certainly _ his national reputation.（分数：2.00）A.magnifyB.strengthenC.enlargeD.enhance14.Recently a number of cases have been reported of young children _

8、 a violent act previously seen on television.（分数：2.00）A.modifyingB.duplicatingC.acceleratingD.stimulating15.This kind of material can _ heat and moisture.（分数：2.00）A.deleteB.compelC.constrainD.repel16.The government“s policies in the past five years have shown a(n) _ in emphasizing the necessity of i

9、mproving the peasants“ livelihood.（分数：2.00）A.exaltationB.coherenceC.agonyD.behavior17.The director was critical _ the way we were doing the work.（分数：2.00）A.atB.inC.ofD.with18.In a sudden _ of anger, the man tore up everything within reach.（分数：2.00）A.attackB.burstC.splitD.blast19.In Britain people _

10、four million tons of potatoes every year.（分数：2.00）A.swallowB.disposeC.consumeD.exhaust20.I“d _ his reputation with other farmers and business people in the community, and then make a decision about whether or not to approve a loan.（分数：2.00）A.take into accountB.account forC.make up forD.make out21.Cu

11、stomers may also be permitted to _ their current accounts for a short period in anticipation of a credit item coming in.（分数：2.00）A.overextendB.overdrawC.overvalueD.overpay22.Tom doesn“t think that the _ situation here is as good as his hometown“s.（分数：2.00）A.economicsB.economicC.economyD.economical23

12、._ the increase in the number of computers in our offices, the amount of paper hat we need has risen as well.（分数：2.00）A.Along withB.AltogetherC.AlthoughD.All along24.The food was divided _ according to the age and size of the child.（分数：2.00）A.equallyB.individuallyC.sufficientlyD.proportionally25.In

13、a materialistic and _ society people“s interest seems to be focused solely on monetary pursuit.（分数：2.00）A.adaptiveB.addictiveC.acquisitiveD.arrogant26.Even if I won a million-dollar lottery, I would continue to live _.（分数：2.00）A.subtlyB.frugallyC.explicitlyD.cautiously27.Doctors must inform _ parent

14、s about the low odds of success in fertility treatments.（分数：2.00）A.protectiveB.respectiveC.prospectiveD.perspective28.It will be safer to walk the streets because people will not need to carry large amounts of cash. Virtually all financial _ will be conducted by computer.（分数：2.00）A.transactionsB.tra

15、nsmissionsC.transitionsD.transformations29.The _ of a cultural phenomenon is usually a logical consequence of some physical aspect in the life style of the people.（分数：2.00）A.implementationB.manifestationC.demonstrationD.expedition30.The new technological revolution in American newspapers has brought

16、 increased _, a wider range of publications and an expansion of newspaper jobs.（分数：2.00）A.manipulationB.reproductionC.circulationD.penetration31.Without the friction between their feet and the ground, people would _ be able to walk.（分数：2.00）A.in no timeB.by all meansC.in no wayD.on any account32.Whi

17、le typing, Helen has a habit of stopping _ to give her long and flowing hair a smooth.（分数：2.00）A.occasionallyB.simultaneouslyC.eventuallyD.promptly33.You can come with me to the museum this afternoon _ you don“t mind walking for half an hour.（分数：2.00）A.unlessB.so far asC.exceptD.if34.We can rely on

18、William to carry out this mission, for his judgment is always _.（分数：2.00）A.inexplicableB.healthyC.soundD.straight35.I support your decision, but I should also make it clear that I am not going to be _ to it.（分数：2.00）A.connectedB.fastenedC.boundD.stuck36.The English language contains a(n) _ of words

19、which are comparative seldom used in ordinary conversation.（分数：2.00）A.altitudeB.latitudeC.multitudeD.attitude37.It“s a serious crime that people _ goods out of China to avoid paying customs duty.（分数：2.00）A.shipB.smuggleC.launchD.load38.Recently the car factory had to carry out personnel _ because of

20、 financial trouble.（分数：2.00）A.cutsB.demandsC.reductionsD.orders39.Falling sales and rising overheads have obliged the company to review each customer“s _ limit.（分数：2.00）A.creditB.currencyC.checkD.certificate40._ of over 5% are attractive if the dollar really is going to stabilize.（分数：2.00）A.Manufact

21、uresB.YieldsC.CreatingD.Receiving41.The differences between the male and female of this species become more _ with age.（分数：2.00）A.divisibleB.pronouncedC.dictatedD.assured42.Under ethical guideline recently adopted by the National Institutes of Health, human genes are to be manipulated only to correc

22、t disease for which _ treatments are unsatisfactory.（分数：2.00）A.similarB.dangerousC.uncommonD.alternative43.As long as nations cannot themselves accumulate enough physical power to dominate all others, they must depend on _.（分数：2.00）A.alliesB.resourcesC.freedomD.education44.A recent survey shows that

23、, while ninety-four percent of companies conducting management-training programs open them to women, women are _ only seventy-four percent of those programs.（分数：2.00）A.protesting againstB.participating inC.displeased byD.allowed in45.Unfortunately, his damaging attacks on the ramifications of the ec

24、onomic policy have been _ by his wholehearted acceptance of that policy“s underlying assumptions.（分数：2.00）A.supplementedB.underminedC.redeemedD.diverted46.Superficial differences between the special problems and techniques of the physical sciences and those of the biological sciences are sometimes c

25、ited as evidence for the _ of biology and for the claim that the methods of physics are therefore not adequate to biological inquiry.（分数：2.00）A.autonomyB.vitalityC.purposefulnessD.obsolescence47.To compensate for the substantial decline in the availability of fossil fuels in future years, we will ha

26、ve to provide at least _ alternative energy source.（分数：2.00）A.an anticipatedB.an officialC.an equivalentD.a redundant48.Some biologists argue that each specifically human trait must have arisen gradually and erratically, and that it is therefore difficult to isolate definite _ in the evolution of sp

27、ecies.（分数：2.00）A.fluctuationsB.manifestationsC.predispositionsD.milestones49.In some cultures the essence of magic is its traditional integrity; it can be efficient only if it has been _ without loss from primeval times to the present practitioner.（分数：2.00）A.aggrandizedB.realizedC.transmittedD.manip

28、ulated50.An analysis of the ideas in the novel compels an analysis of the form of the work, particularly when form and content are as _ as they are in The House of the Seven Gables.（分数：2.00）A.symptomaticB.delineatedC.integratedD.conspicuous考博英语-157 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Vocabulary(总题数：50，分数：10

29、0.00)1.Whether the extension of consciousness is a “good thing“ for human being is a question that _ a wide solution.（分数：2.00）A.admits of B.requires ofC.needs ofD.seeks for解析：解析 句子大意为：对人类来说，意识的扩展是否是一件好事是一个可能有广泛答案的问题。A项 admit of“容许，有的可能”；B 项 require of“要求，要求得到”；C 项 need of“满足需要”；D项 seek for“寻找，追求，探索”

30、；所以 A项符合题意。2.Apple pie is _ neither good nor bad; it is the way it is used that determines its value.（分数：2.00）A.at itselfB.as itselfC.on itselfD.in itself 解析：解析 “in itself”为固定短语，意为“以其本身而言，本质上”，at/as/on itself 短语不存在，也无此意义。3.At first, movies were little more than amusing _ pictures that appeared to mo

31、ve.（分数：2.00）A.novels B.noveltiesC.noticesD.novices解析：解析 novels 意为“小说”，novelties 意为“新奇事物”，notices 意为“通知，预告”，novices意为“新手，初学者”。此题考查形近词，不难根据题意判断，只有 novels与电影相关，故正确答案为 A。4._ commutation via the telegraph began in the 1840s, just before the Civil War, and via the telephone just afterward (1870s).（分数：2.00

32、）A.Instantaneous B.SpontaneousC.SimultaneousD.Instinctive解析：解析 instantaneous 意为“瞬间的，即时的”，spontaneous 意为“自发的”，simultaneous意为“同时发生的”，instinctive 意为“本能的，天生的”。电报和电话都是即时的通讯工具，故正确答案为 A。5.I don“t understand what you“re getting so _ about. It“s really not a problem.（分数：2.00）A.worked outB.worked up C.worked

33、overD.worked against解析：解析 worked out 意为“被算出，据计算”，worked up 意为“激动的，生气的”，work over意为“检查，研究”，work against 意为“违背，妨碍”。根据题意前后语气可知，正确答案为 B。6.The school shooting triggered a barrage of transparently irrelevant proposed solutions, tossed out without regard to their relevance to the events that supposedly _ t

34、he proposals.（分数：2.00）A.occasioned B.concernedC.illuminatedD.ensued解析：解析 occasion 意为“引起，惹起”，concern 意为“涉及，关心到”，illuminate 意为“阐明，说明”，ensue 意为“跟着发生，追求”。根据题意，与 proposal构成合理搭配的词是 occasion，即“引起议案”。句中 a barrage of意为“大量的，接二连三的”。正确答案为 A。7.Parents have a legal _ to ensure that their children are provided wit

35、h efficient education suitable to their age.（分数：2.00）A.impulseB.influenceC.obligation D.sympathy解析：解析 obligation 指法律上或道义上的义务或责任，例如：a legal obligation to serve in the armed forces服兵役的法律义务。impulse 意为“驱使，推动”，the impulse of curiosity 好奇心的驱使。influence 意为“影响”；sympathy 的意思是“同情心”。8.Most nurses are women, bu

36、t in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are in a _.（分数：2.00）A.scarcityB.minority C.minimumD.shortage解析：解析 in minority 占少数与 Most nurses are women相对应。scarcity 意为“缺乏，不足”，a scarcity of teachers师资缺乏。minimum 意为“最低限度”，The temperature reached the minimum at midnight.气温在半夜达到了最低点。shortage 意为“缺少”

37、，There is a world shortage of fuel.全世界都缺少燃料。9.David likes country life and has decided to _ fanning.（分数：2.00）A.go in for B.go back onC.go through withD.go along with解析：解析 本题旨在测试考生对短语动词的掌握程度。go in for 意为“从事(某种职业或活动)”，适于本题。例如：I thought of going in for teaching.我想去当老师。go back on 意为“背叛，违背”；go through wi

38、th 意为“把进行到底”；go along with 意为“陪伴，赞同”。这三项均不适于本题。10.Jack was about to announce our plan but I _.（分数：2.00）A.put him throughB.turned him outC.gave him upD.cut him short 解析：解析 cut short 意为“打断，制止”，正合题意，如：The chairman will cut a speaker short if he talks too long.如果发言过长，主席会打断发言者。put through 意为“为接通电话”，I“m t

39、rying to put you through.我正想办法给你接通电话；turn sb. out 意为“赶出，使搬出，辞退”，The landlady turned him out on to the street.女房主把他赶到了街上。give up 意为“放弃”，give oneself up to a cause 献身于事业。11.As for the missing funds, the company manager, when demanded to give an explanation, could not even come up with a _ one.（分数：2.00

40、）A.plaintiveB.pervasiveC.perpetualD.plausible 解析：解析 本题空格处是说甚至提不出一个看似可信的解释。D 项 plausible意为“似是而非的”，符合题意，如：a plausible excuse(看似有理的借口)。plaintive 意为“悲哀的，哀伤的”；pervasive意为“颠倒的，曲解的”；perpetual 意为“永久的”。这三项都不正确。12.Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply _.（分数：2.00）A.declined B.lessenedC.descendedD.sl

41、ipped解析：解析 decline 意为“下降，减少”，Domestic production of oil will continue to decline.国内石油生产将继续下降。与 rate连用表示比率下降。lessen 意为“缩小，减少”，不能与 rate连用。descend指位置下降，He descended into a cellar.他走下地窖。slip 指“滑倒”，She slipped on the wet stones and fell.她在潮湿的石头上滑了一下跌倒了。13.The republication of the poet“s most recent works

42、 will certainly _ his national reputation.（分数：2.00）A.magnifyB.strengthenC.enlargeD.enhance 解析：解析 enhance 意为“提高”，enhance someone“s reputation 提高某人的声誉。magnify 意为“放大”，A microscope magnifies bacteria.显微镜将细菌放大。strengthen 意为“加强”，不宜与reputation搭配。enlarge 指面积或体积扩大，enlarge a house by adding a new wing 新建一厢房以扩

43、大房屋。14.Recently a number of cases have been reported of young children _ a violent act previously seen on television.（分数：2.00）A.modifyingB.duplicating C.acceleratingD.stimulating解析：解析 duplicate 有“复制”之意，如：duplicate a document(复印文件)。它还可表示“重复”，如：duplicate a tragedy(重演悲剧)。modify 意为“修改”，如：modify a law (p

44、olicy，programme)，表示“修改法律(政策、计划)”。accelerate 意为“使加速”。stimulate 意为“刺激”。15.This kind of material can _ heat and moisture.（分数：2.00）A.deleteB.compelC.constrainD.repel 解析：解析 repel 意为“抗御，抵拒”，This coating repels moisture.这层涂料能防潮。delete 意为“删除”，delete the second paragraph 删去第二段。compel 意为“强迫”，compel sb. to do

45、sth.强迫某人做某事。constrain 意为“迫使”，He was constrained to agree.他被迫同意。这三项都不能用于本题。16.The government“s policies in the past five years have shown a(n) _ in emphasizing the necessity of improving the peasants“ livelihood.（分数：2.00）A.exaltationB.coherence C.agonyD.behavior解析：解析 本题空格处是说与强调改善农民生活的必要性是一致的。B 项 cohe

46、rence“一致”符合题意。其他三项 exaltation“提升，提高”；agony“苦恼”；behavior“举止，行为”都不正确。17.The director was critical _ the way we were doing the work.（分数：2.00）A.atB.inC.of D.with解析：解析 critical of sth./sb.为一习惯搭配。18.In a sudden _ of anger, the man tore up everything within reach.（分数：2.00）A.attackB.burst C.splitD.blast解析：解

47、析 四选项的意思分别是：A 项“攻击，非难，着手”；B 项“爆裂，突然发作，突然出现”；C项“劈裂，裂缝，分裂，裂片”；D 项“一阵(风)，爆炸，冲击波，突然的毁灭性的影响”。19.In Britain people _ four million tons of potatoes every year.（分数：2.00）A.swallowB.disposeC.consume D.exhaust解析：解析 四选项的意思分别为：A 项“吞下，耗尽(up)，忍受，取消”；B 项“配置，处理，使倾向于”；C 项“消费”；D 项“抽完，耗尽，用完，竭尽，使筋疲力尽”。20.I“d _ his reput

48、ation with other farmers and business people in the community, and then make a decision about whether or not to approve a loan.（分数：2.00）A.take into account B.account forC.make up forD.make out解析：解析 四选项的意思分别是：A 项“把考虑在内”；B 项“说明发生的原因”；C 项“弥补，补偿”；D 项“书写，拼凑，说明，理解，辨认出”。21.Customers may also be permitted to _ their current accounts for a short period in anticipation of a credit item coming in.（分数：2.00）A.overextendB.overdraw C.overvalueD.overpay解析：解析 A 项“货款过多”；B 项“透支”；C 项“估价过