【考研类试卷】考博英语-155及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-155 及答案解析(总分：109.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Reading (总题数：4，分数：20.00)BDirections:/B There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and m

2、ark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.Music and literature, the two temporal arts, contrive their pattern of sounds in time; or, in other words of sounds and pauses. Communication may be made in broken words, the business of life be carried on wit

3、h substantives alone; but that is not what we call literature; and the true business of the literary artist is to plait or weave his meaning, involving it around itself; so that each sentence, by successive phrases, shall first come into a kind of knot, and then, after a moment of suspended meaning,

4、 solve and clear itself. In every properly constructed sentence there should be observed this knot or hitch; so that (however delicately) we are led to foresee, to expect, and then to welcome the successive phrases. The pleasure may be heightened by an element of surprise, as, very grossly, in the c

5、ommon figure of the antithesis, or, with much greater subtlety, where an antithesis is first suggested and then deftly evaded. Each phrase, besides, is to be comely in itself; and between the implication and the evolution of the sentence there should be a satisfying equipoise of sound; for nothing m

6、ore often disappoints the ear than a sentence solemnly and sonorously prepared, and hastily and weakly finished. Nor should the balance be too striking and exact, for the one rule is to be infinitely various; to interest, to disappoint, to surprise, and yet still to gratify; to be ever changing, as

7、it were, the stitch, and yet still to give the effect of an ingenious neatness.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the author, great literature depends on its _.（分数：1.00）A.meaningB.soundC.ideasD.balance(2).The author calls music and literature “the two temporal arts“ because they _.（分数：1.00）A.are not lastingB

8、.are both used in templesC.are both based on antithesisD.depend on time patterns(3).The function of the literary artist is to _.（分数：1.00）A.communicate with the readerB.carry on the business of lifeC.provide a knot and stitchD.present his ideas attractively(4).Antithesis is a means of securing _.（分数：

9、1.00）A.surpriseB.subtletyC.comelinessD.balance(5).The author believes that the enjoyment of literature comes from _.（分数：1.00）A.shockB.an anticipation of phrasesC.the originality of the thoughtD.rhythmic soundJamess first novels used conventional narrative techniques: explicit characterization, actio

10、n which related events in distinctly phased sequences, settings firmly outlined and specifically described. But this method gradually gave way to a subtler, more deliberate, more diffuse style of accumulation of minutely discriminated details whose total significance the reader can grasp only by con

11、stant attention and sensitive inference. His later novels play down scenes of abrupt and prominent action, and do not so much offer a succession of sharp shocks as slow piecemeal additions of perception. The curtain is not suddenly drawn back from shrouded things, but is slowly moved away.Such a tec

12、hnique is suited to Jamess essential subject, which is not human action itself but the states of mind which produce and are produced by human actions and interactions. James was less interested in what characters do, than in the moral and psychological antecedents, realizations, and consequences whi

13、ch attend their doings. This is why he more often speaks of “eases“ than of actions. His stories, therefore, grow more and more lengthy while the actions they relate grow simpler and less visible; not because they are crammed with adventitious and secondary events, digressive relief, or supernumerar

14、y characters, as overstuffed novels of action are; but because he presents in such exhaustive detail every nuance of his situation. Commonly the interest of a novel is in the variety and excitement of visible actions building up to a climatic event which will settle the outward destinies of characte

15、rs with story-book promise of permanence. A James novel, however, possesses its characteristic interest in carrying the reader through a rich analysis of the mental adjustments of characters to the realities of their personal situations as they are slowly revealed to them through exploration and cha

16、nce discovery.（分数：5.00）(1).The title below that best expresses the main idea of the passage is _.（分数：1.00）A.Conventional Narrative TechniquesB.The Psychological NovelC.Evolution of Manner from MatterD.Drawing Back the Curtain(2).James was primarily interested in _.（分数：1.00）A.telling an exciting stor

17、yB.capturing a settingC.analyzing the mental adjustments of his charactersD.describing the behavior of Americans in Europe(3).James later novels differ from his earlier works in that they _.（分数：1.00）A.show specifically described settingsB.are full of actionC.are less lengthyD.analyze the states of m

18、ind of his characters(4).Most of the fiction James read as a boy was probably _.（分数：1.00）A.indefiniteB.easily misunderstoodC.slow-movingD.strongly plotted(5).James later novels may be characterized as _.（分数：1.00）A.detective storiesB.horror storiesC.being dullD.psychological novelsNear the beginning

19、of Goethes career, when his enthusiasm for Shakespeare was at once the excitement of new discovery and a reflection of the championship of the human spirit in opposition to the formalities of Neoclassicism, be happened upon the autobiography of Gotz yon Berlichingen, a sixteenth-century robber knigh

20、t who represented himself as a defender of justice and righteousness in the midst of treacherous and Machiavellian princes and nobles. Inspired by these idealistic sentiments, by the new patriotic spirit, and by a strong Rousseauistic conviction in regard to the goodness of the natural instincts of

21、man, Goethe attempted to imitate Shakespeares use of historical characters by writing a play about a rather obscure figure in German history. Creating an authentic sixteenth-century background, Goethe also projects something of the Sturm und Drang sentiments of revolt as the rebellious hero fights a

22、gainst the treachery and meanness of his age.The play is loosely organized and often uncertain in its direction. Its fifty-eight scenes, tragic and comic, are a deliberate flouting of time-honored principles of good dramatic structure. But it bas all the feeling of restless violence associated with

23、the Sturm und Drang period. Gotz rebels and takes the peasants side against the artificialities and venality of a clerical court. Weisslingen is perverted and then destroyed by associates who are incapable of society, society wins; but the applause goes to the victims, and their martyrdom is an insp

24、iration for all mankind. Goethe knew that nobility of spirit is as rare as intelligence or force of character; hence be was no democrat. The peasants should have a master, but good leadership should exist for the benefit, not the exploitation, of the people.（分数：5.00）(1).Goethe was no democrat, becau

25、se _.（分数：1.00）A.he felt that the peasants needed a masterB.he believed that good character was rareC.in his play, corrupt society winsD.he supported a robber knight(2).Goethe was not inspired by _.（分数：1.00）A.ShakespeareB.neoclassicismC.RousseauD.Sturm und Drang sentiments(3).The fifty-eight scenes m

26、ake the play _.（分数：1.00）A.too longB.well organizedC.an illustration of good dramatic structureD.lose a sense of direction(4).Goethe learned about Gotz von Berlichingen by reading _.（分数：1.00）A.ShakespeareB.RousseauC.an autobiographyD.Weisslingen(5).A clerical court is made of _.（分数：1.00）A.clerksB.the

27、 clergyC.venal individualsD.high-ranking nobilityIn most corners of the world malnutrition is plainly a matter of outright insufficiency of food for the population-where the majority of the people do not obtain enough food calories to meet minimal needs for support of physical work and for maintenan

28、ce of health. Elsewhere the problem may be not one of insufficient, calories but of lack of specific nutrients essential for health.In Latin America, as in other places, the dread protein deficiency disease kwashiorkor is taking its heavy toll of childrens lives. Strategic vitamins and minerals may

29、be lacking due to traditional diets which are nutritionally imbalanced. Here people continue their eating pattern year after year without knowledge of that their dietary habits are doing to themselves and to future generations.With a basic knowledge of nutritional needs and deficiencies, efforts cou

30、ld be directed to finding food substitutes which could meet these needs. Mixtures of vegetable proteins, like soybeans and peanuts, could provide an abundance of cheap, useful protein where meat, eggs, and milk are not within economic reach of large groups in the population. Efforts could also be ex

31、pended on increasing the agricultural productivity in specific regions; where large areas are given over to relatively inefficient use as grazing land, the intensive production of vegetable protein crops could bring remedial nutrition to an undernourished population. Elsewhere, enrichment with speci

32、fic vitamins and minerals of traditional staple foods that are deficient in essential nutritive factors could wipe out disabling deficiency diseases, like beriberi or pellagra, almost overnight. Similarly, addition of minute amounts of inexpensive iodine to salt could benefit large areas where endem

33、ic goiter has been accepted as an integral part of life for generations.（分数：5.00）(1).Cheap protein substitutes for milk, eggs, and meat _.（分数：1.00）A.may be obtained from vitamins and mineralsB.are being sought by scientistsC.can be gotten from soybeansD.can be found in iodized salt(2).The peanut is

34、_.（分数：1.00）A.inedibleB.of little nutritional valueC.difficult to growD.a source of protein(3).The major cause of malnutrition in the world is lack of _.（分数：1.00）A.proteinB.vitaminsC.mineralsD.food(4).Kwashiorkor _.（分数：1.00）A.is especially harmful to childrenB.resembles beriberiC.is caused by starvat

35、ionD.affects adults only(5).The title that best expresses the main idea of this passage is _.（分数：1.00）A.Science and AgricultureB.Eliminating StarvationC.Improving Our DietD.Combating Malnutrition二、BPart Vocabula(总题数：30，分数：30.00)1.It was clear that the storm _ his arrival by two hours.（分数：1.00）A.reta

36、rdedB.retrievedC.refrainedD.retreated2.The apartment was _ at $ 20,000 and its owner was happy about that.（分数：1.00）A.assaultedB.assessedC.assertedD.avenged3.When he lived in that remote place, radio was the only means be had to keep _ of current events in the country.（分数：1.00）A.accountB.traceC.recor

37、dD.track4.In this age, education is considered an important key to success and minority groups especially are _ to better themselves by going to college.（分数：1.00）A.encouragingB.persuadingC.persistingD.striving5.The rabbi was deep in _ about the problems of his congregation.（分数：1.00）A.meditationB.ref

38、lectionC.conceptionD.retrospection6.After the concert, the clean-up crew found the ground _ with papers, bottles and cans.（分数：1.00）A.scrubbedB.scatteredC.litteredD.dispersed7.What _ did they employ when they selected this picture as the prizewinner?（分数：1.00）A.criterionB.regulationC.wayD.test8.The it

39、ems contained in the parcel dont correspond _ those on the list that accompanied it.（分数：1.00）A.againstB.forC.fromD.with9.The best solution to the problem can only be found by a process of trial and _.（分数：1.00）A.errorB.mistakeC.successD.experiment10.To write a summary effectively, you will need to _

40、words for phrases, and phrases for sentences.（分数：1.00）A.convertB.complementC.substituteD.design11.The two countries were fighting severely to _ every inch of the land,（分数：1.00）A.interveneB.contestC.imperilD.inhabit12.The _ of his first novel appeared in The Times yesterday; no doubt he was very happ

41、y to see that.（分数：1.00）A.surveyB.inspectionC.appraisalD.review13.From what he said at the court, we can _ that Steve had stolen the car.（分数：1.00）A.infectB.impressC.inferD.suggest14.The new policy has _ a large amount of investment for industry and business in this city.（分数：1.00）A.acquaintedB.adhered

42、C.activatedD.asserted15.Cigarette smoking is a major health _ and may result in your death.（分数：1.00）A.hazardB.faultC.mistakeD.shortcoming16.Today, housework has been made much easier by electrical _.（分数：1.00）A.appliancesB.facilitiesC.instrumentsD.equipments17.A few simple _ to this plan would greatl

43、y improve it.（分数：1.00）A.demandsB.modificationsC.modulationsD.assessments18.His colleagues were envious _ his promotion.（分数：1.00）A.byB.ofC.withD.to19.Paul and John work on _ days.（分数：1.00）A.alteringB.alternativeC.alterableD.alternate20.You can rely on Mr. Smith to carry out this mission for his judgm

44、ent is always _.（分数：1.00）A.unquestionableB.healthyC.soundD.subtle21.As the Cup Final was drawing closer, the injury of the best player was a _ for the whole team.（分数：1.00）A.misdemeanorB.mistrustC.misfortuneD.mischief22.In order to help the students get a better understanding of the new conception, t

45、he professor _ it with many examples.（分数：1.00）A.enchantedB.dissipatedC.eliminatedD.illustrated23.If you take this medicine twice a day it should _ your cold.（分数：1.00）A.healB.cureC.treatD.recover24.When two people feel the same way about each other, their feelings are _.（分数：1.00）A.habitualB.mutualC.r

46、elevantD.equivalent25.The professor gave _ instructions for carrying out the research project.（分数：1.00）A.explicitB.formidableC.afflictiveD.dominant26.The doctor assured her that the pain would _.（分数：1.00）A.wear offB.go offC.die offD.get off27.He quickly _ behind the building to avoid being hurt by t

47、he stones thrown in his direction.（分数：1.00）A.duckedB.evadedC.escapedD.dodged28.They _ for an early end to the fighting which had brought about a great loss to the city.（分数：1.00）A.petitionedB.reasonedC.reckonedD.rebuked29.His dislike of the course may prove to be a _ barrier he cannot overcome.（分数：1.

48、00）A.biologicalB.ideologicalC.spiritualD.psychological30.The doctor promised that this medicine would _ the pain in the stomach.（分数：1.00）A.affirmB.agitateC.alleviateD.allocate三、BPart Cloze/(总题数：1，分数：20.00)BDirections:/B For each numbered blank in the following passage, fill in a suitable word in each blank on the ANSWER SHEET.Many instructors believe that an informal, relaxed classroom environment is conducive to learning and innovation. It is not uncommon for students toU (51) /Ueasygoing and friendly relationships with their professors. The casual professor is not necessarily a poorU