【考研类试卷】湖北大学博士研究生入学考试英语真题2013年及答案解析.doc
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1、湖北大学博士研究生入学考试英语真题 2013 年及答案解析(总分:100.00,做题时间:180 分钟)一、Part Reading Compr(总题数:5,分数:20.00)The new documentary Bully is powerful stuff. Try to get through even just the opening sequence without tearing up. Hopefully it will wake up parents, teachers, and school administrators. But lets also hope they r
2、espond thoughtfully to this burning film, because too often in our rush to address a problem, American educators and politicians have a well-intentioned overreaction that minimizes common sense in favor of blanket solutions. Many schools in the United States are genuinely trying to curb child-on-chi
3、ld abuse and, at long last, are paying more attention to the cruel, unpleasant remarks. But at the same time, we have to remember that not every unpleasant, or even adverse, interaction between students constitutes bullying. In some places, anti-bullying policies are now so expansive that they make
4、eye-rolling a punishable Offense, lumping it in with other forms of verbal and physical assault. Doing so not only takes a serious issue to the realm of the absurd, it also dilutes the importance of anti-bullying efforts in general. If everything is bullying, then nothing is. Some kids have already
5、figured out how to turn the new system on its head. In some schools zeal to address bullying, every claim is immediately elevated beyond the classroom teacher to a meeting with the principal. A parent in California said that last month that an elementary-school bully began threatening to report her
6、victims as bullies so they would have to suffer through such a meetingand in effect creating a bullying hall of mirrors. Weve been here before. Weapons and drugs in schools are a serious problem, too. In response, school districts, states, and the federal government began to favor zero-tolerance pol
7、icies. In short order, “zero-tolerance“ policies became the joking point for late-night comics as kids were suspended for bringing to school aspirin, acne medicine, or a G. I. Joe doll with a small plastic gun. The obvious lesson there and with bullying is that there is no substitute for discretion
8、and judgment by the adults in charge. In some circumstances, eye-rolling could be abusive behavior just as aspirin can be used or abused. But adults shouldnt give up the hard role of making nuanced judgment calls by creating ridiculously rigid discipline codes. Replacing thoughtless inaction with th
9、oughtless action wont solve the problem. (分数:4.00)(1).What does the author say about peoples reaction to bullying? (分数:1.00)A.They wake up thoughtfully.B.They demonstrate little common sense.C.They attach importance to the film.D.They go too far.(2).What is the strategy of the kids in dealing with a
10、nti-bullying policies? (分数:1.00)A.To assault the principal at the meeting.B.To turn the classroom into a wall of mirrors.C.To pay attention to kids verbal remarks.D.To render them ineffective by abusing bullying.(3).The “zero-tolerance“ policies towards drugs and weapons ended up being _. (分数:1.00)A
11、.elevatedB.suspendedC.ridiculedD.condemned(4).The word “there“ in the first line of the last paragraph refers to _. (分数:1.00)A.with eye-rolling and punishable offensesB.with verbal and physical assautC.with aspirin and acne medicineD.with drugs and weaponsOur stomachs can often be a mystery to us an
12、d many of us dont realize just how much the food we eat can impact on our mood and mental well-being. According to charity Allergy UK, a shocking 45% of us suffers with food and drink intolerances, beveragethis is called food intolerance. Food intolerance is a much more common problem than food alle
13、rgy and one of the most harmful symptoms can be low mood. 1 in 4 people in the UK will suffer problems with their mood or mental health every year, with anti-depressant prescriptions increasing by over 40% in the last 5 years. Recent research from York Test Laboratories, leading experts in food into
14、lerance testing, has found that 97% of their customers reported problems relating to mood as a significant symptom of their food intolerance, of which 73% felt that their mood had significantly improved after altering their diets to remove foods to which they reacted. In addition, in a recent paper
15、published in the Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, over 81% of patients reported a significant improvement in mood and mental well- being as a direct consequence of applying the dietary changes recommended by York Test. So how is it that the food we eat can have such a significant impact on ou
16、r mood? Bidirectional connections between the gut and the brain are complex and are regulated in the body in three different ways: through nerves, hormones and the immune system. The gut mediates the bodys immune response; at least 70 per cent of our immune system is situated in the gut and is used
17、to expel and kill foreign invaders. Our gut contains some 100 million neurons (nerve cells), more than in either the spinal cord or the peripheral nervous system. All of these neurons lining our digestive system do much more than merely handle digestion or cause occasional nervous feelings. Our gut
18、partly determines our mental state and plays key roles in certain diseases throughout the body. Many people will not be aware that 90% of serotonin(血清素), the brains “happy hormone“ is produced in the gutit is for these reasons that the gut is often referred to as the second brain. In addition, resea
19、rch has shown that depression is frequently associated with gastrointestinal (肠胃的) inflammationa common symptom of food intolerance. By tackling unidentified food intolerances, not only will physical symptoms benefit, but mental health symptoms can often show significant improvement. There are a num
20、ber of ways to identify potentially mood suppressing food intolerances. One that I recommend is scientifically validated and well researched is York Test. Its food and drink intolerance test called Food (4).What is the purpose in ones taking YorkTest? (分数:1.00)A.To validate the scientific research.B
21、.To detect the source of food intolerance.C.To invent a modification of life style.D.To prescribe anti-depressant drugs.The plan to allow the reading public to rent e-books, much as they rent movies, has proved so much more contentious than its pioneer, the former Waterstones managing director Tim C
22、oates, had hoped. That publishers are very cautious of the idea of his new Bilbary e-rental venture, which launched this week, is perhaps not entirely surprising: although the e-rentals automatically delete themselves when the borrowing time expires, they fear the scheme might harm sales. Less contr
23、oversial, however, is Mr Coates generous pledge to donate a good chunk of Bilbarys profits to campaigns to keep open libraries threatened by government budget cuts. Hundreds of the nations 4,000 public libraries are at risk; and campaigners attempts to persuade courts and councils to keep them open
24、are largely failing. Closing libraries is inevitable, the argument goes, in an era when two out of three British homes have a computer. But that is far from the whole story. While 200 million books are sold every year, more than 310 million are borrowed. The one-in-three homes without a computer are
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