SAE J 2093-1999 Design Consideration for Wheelchair Lifts for Entry to or Exit from a Personally Licensed Vehicle《轮椅进出私人许可车辆的设计问题》.pdf

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1、SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirelyvoluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefro

2、m, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: (724) 776-4970 FAX: (724) 776-0790SAE WEB ADDRESS http:/www.s

3、ae.orgCopyright 1999 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A.SURFACEVEHICLE400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001RECOMMENDEDPRACTICESubmitted for recognition as an American National StandardJ2093REAF.NOV1999Issued 1995-05Reaffirmed 1999-11Superseding J20

4、93 MAY1995Design Considerations for Wheelchair Lifts for Entryto or Exit from a Personally Licensed Vehicle1. ScopeThis SAE Recommended Practice applies to electrically powered hydraulic or mechanically operatedplatform devices which permit a person seated in a manual or powered wheelchair to enter

5、or exit a personallylicensed vehicle.The minimum performance and durability requirements are specified for satisfactory installation of wheelchairlifting devices in a personally licensed vehicle to be used by a person seated in a wheelchair to be lifted fromthe ground plane to the vehicle floor leve

6、l in a reliable and safe manner.1.1 SAE J2092 is the test procedure to verify compliance with this document.2. References2.1 Applicable PublicationsThese Standards, Specifications, or Recommended Practices promulgated by thefollowing agencies and specified herein are applicable to the design, manufa

7、cture, and/or use of wheelchairlifts. Use the current issue of each document.2.1.1 SAE PUBLICATIONSAvailable from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.SAE J258Circuit BreakerInternal MountedAutomotive ResetSAE J514Hydraulic Tube FittingsSAE J516Hydraulic Hose FittingSAE J517Hydraul

8、ic HoseSAE J518Hydraulic Flanged Tube, Pipe, and Hose Connections, Four-Bolt Split Flange TypeSAE J537Storage BatteriesSAE J553Circuit BreakersSAE J561Electrical TerminalsEyelet and Spade TypeSAE J858Electrical TerminalsBlade TypeSAE J928Electrical TerminalsPin and Receptacle TypeSAE J1292Automobile

9、, Truck, Truck-Tractor, Trailer, and Motor Coach WiringSAE J2092Testing of Wheelchair Lifts for Entry to or Exit from a Personally Licensed VehicleCOPYRIGHT Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Licensed by Information Handling ServicesSAE J2093 Reaffirmed NOV1999-2-2.1.2 ANSI PUBLICATIONSAvailable f

10、rom American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street, New York,NY 10036-8002.ANSI A17.1Elevators, Dumbwaiters, Escalators, and Moving WalksANSIA117.1Specifications of Making Buildings and Facilities Accessible to, and Usable by MakingBuildings and Facilities Accessible to, the Physically H

11、andicappedANSI A120.0Safety Requirements for Powered Platforms for Exterior Building MaintenanceANSI B1.5Acme Screw ThreadsANSI B1.8Stub Acme ThreadsANSI B15.1Safety Standard for Mechanical Power Transmission ApparatusANSI B29.1Transmission, Roller Chains and Sprocket Teeth (for Standard Base Series

12、 Chain)ANSI B30.2Overhead and Gantry CranesANSI B30.9Safety Standards for Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and SlingsANSI B153.1Safety Requirements for the Construction, Care, and Use of Automotive Lifts2.1.3 ASTM PUBLICATIONSAvailable from ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 1

13、9428-2959.ASTM D 1005-51 (R1972)Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Organic CoatingsASTM D 2200-67Pictorial Surface Preparation Standards for Painting Steel Surfaces2.1.4 AWS PUBLICATIONSAvailable from American Welding Society, 2501 N.W. 7th Street, Miami, FL 33125.AWS D1.1-72Structural Welding Cod

14、eAWSD10.7-60Recommended Practices for Gas Shielded Arc Welding of Aluminum and AluminumAlloy Pipe2.1.5 FMVSS PUBLICATIONSAvailable from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office,Washington, DC 20402-9371.Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 302, Flammability of Interior M

15、aterials2.1.6 MILITARY SPECIFICATIONSAvailable from DODSSP, Subscription Services Desk, Building 4D, 700 RobbinsAvenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.Military Standards, 1427 C Human Engineering Design Criteria for Military Systems Equipment2.1.7 OTHER PUBLICATIONSHuman Factors Design HandbookWesley E

16、. Woodson, McGraw Hill Book Company 1981McElroy, Frank E. (ed): Accident Prevention Manual for Industrial Operations. 6th Edition, National SafetyCouncil, Chicago, IL, 1969, pp. 641657Rossnagel, W.E.: Handbook of Rigging, 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, NY, 1964,pp. 4183Wire rope ma

17、nufacturers recommendationsCOPYRIGHT Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Licensed by Information Handling ServicesSAE J2093 Reaffirmed NOV1999-3-3. Definitions3.1 Access PathThe minimum open area between horizontal and vertical structures of the lift through which aclient must pass while entering o

18、r exiting a vehicle.3.2 FastenersDevices used to secure, by mechanical means, other devices or parts in place. These include butare not limited to, bolts, nuts, screws, washers, pins, rivets, and clamps.3.3 Ground PlaneThe surface (normally horizontal) on which the vehicle is resting.3.4 Lift Electr

19、ical ComponentsAll electrical hardware used on a wheelchair lift. These include but are notlimited to, batteries, circuit breakers, motors, switches, wiring, and terminals.3.5 Lift ControlsDevices by which an operator controls the lift operation including switches, handles, etc.3.6 Lift PlatformThat

20、 portion of a wheelchair lift device on which the wheelchair rests while being raised orlowered.3.7 Pinch PointA term for a hazardous location which exists when two closely spaced mechanical componentsmove in opposite directions, or at a point of contact between belt and pulley, chain and sprocket,

21、or similarmoving parts of machinery.3.8 Proof LoadStatic test load to insure mechanical integrity at critical points.3.9 Rated LoadLoad under which a device will operate continuously.3.10 Outer Roll StopA term for a device on a wheelchair lift that prevents a wheelchair from rolling off the liftplat

22、form.3.11 ShallThe term “Shall,“ where used, is to be construed as mandatory.3.12 Shear PointA term for a hazardous location where a moving (e.g., reciprocating or sliding) part approachesor crosses another part.3.13 ShouldThe term “Should,“ where used, shall be construed as advisory.3.14 Vehicle Fl

23、oorThe surface of the vehicle on which the wheelchair rests immediately after entering.3.15 WeatherproofThe term applied to equipment so constructed or protected that exposure to weather will notinterfere with successful operation.3.16 Wheelchair Ground PlaneThe plane that defines the surface upon w

24、hich the wheelchair rests.3.17 Wire Rope ComponentsA term encompassing but not limited to, wire, rope, sheaves (pulleys) clips,thimbles, end fittings, and winch hardware.4. Design Requirements4.1 A wheelchair lift shall be constructed to withstand the following:4.1.1 ACCELERATED LIFE CYCLE TESTAn ac

25、celerated life shall be performed by repeating the wheelchair lift cycle4400 times carrying a rated load of 600 lb.COPYRIGHT Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Licensed by Information Handling ServicesSAE J2093 Reaffirmed NOV1999-4-4.1.2 STATIC PROOF LOADA static proof test at 1.5 times rated load

26、 (900 lb) at point 6 in off the ground plane withno permanent deformation.4.1.3 STATIC ULTIMATE LOADA static ultimate load test at four times the rated load (2400 lb) at van floor level withno fractures.4.2 The manufacturer shall perform a design failure mode analysis and verify that no unreasonable

27、 risk of injuryexists in the event of a single point failure. Upon submission of a lift for testing to SAE J2092, the manufacturershall provide the results of the failure mode analysis in writing. These results shall contain a listing of allidentified single point failures.4.3 Battery-powered wheelc

28、hair lifts shall operate an electrical current of less than 150 A while lifting the rated loadof 600 lb at an ambient temperature between 10 C (50 F) and 32 C (90 F).4.4 Installation of a wheelchair lift shall not require motor vehicle alterations that diminish the structural integrity ofthe vehicle

29、.4.5 The total weight of the lift and installation hardware shall not exceed 400 lb.4.6 Hand holds, if used, should be of round cross-section and approximately 1 in outside diameter.4.7 The lift shall clear the lateral edges of the effective door opening of the vehicles for which it is designed by a

30、minimum of 1/4 in per side.4.8 Level of Lift PlatformWith the lift installed on a rigid structure and the platform horizontal, and with the ratedload of 1780 N (600 lb) applied, the platform shall not slope more than 1.9 cm (0.75 in) rise in 30.48 cm (12 in)of run (3.6 degrees).4.9 The lift shall no

31、t apply any load to the wheelchair that is contrary to the normal load characteristics of thestructural design of the wheelchair.4.10 Lift designs that employ a power-down feature, which can produce a downward force in excess of the weight ofthe platform components, shall provide a power cut-off at

32、contact with the ground or obstruction.4.11 The lift platform shall provide side barriers, the height of which shall be a minimum of 1-1/2 in above thewheelchair rolling surface.4.12 A salt spray test shall be performed for externally mounted lifts.5. Materials and Components5.1 Electrical Component

33、s and Wiring5.1.1 Electrical components and wiring shall conform to the Society of Automotive Engineers Standards orRecommended Practices as applicable. Those listed as follows are applicable to all lifts.SAE J258, SAE J553cCircuit BreakersSAE J537hStorage BatteriesSAE J1292Automobile WiringSAE J561

34、b, SAE J858a, SAE J928aElectrical Terminals5.1.2 All electrical systems shall be designed and packaged to protect the driver or passengers against injuryresulting from short circuits, electrical fires, and similar incidents.COPYRIGHT Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Licensed by Information Handl

35、ing ServicesSAE J2093 Reaffirmed NOV1999-5-5.1.3 Electrical components which are exposed to the environment outside the vehicle shall be weatherproofed.5.1.4 Externally mounted wheelchair lift controls shall be installed so that they are weatherproofed by the use ofinset compartments or protective c

36、overings. Controls shall be protected from misuse or vandalism by theuse of key locks, key switches, or other security systems.5.1.5 An automatic or self-resetting circuit breaker or other equivalent device shall be designed into the powercircuit close to the vehicle battery. A solenoid or other sim

37、ilar device should be incorporated, per themanufacturers instructions, into the power circuit to ensure that no voltage is applied to the main power unituntil a lift operating control has been actuated.5.2 Chain Drive ComponentsChain drive components shall conform to either: ANSI B29.1 - 1963 (R1972

38、), orother ANSI standards applicable to specialized use chains.5.3 Hydraulic ComponentsHydraulic components shall conform to the following Society of AutomotiveEngineers Standards or Recommended Practices as applicable.SAE J514Hydraulic Tube FittingsSAE J516Hydraulic Hose FittingsSAE J517Hydraulic H

39、oseSAE J518Hydraulic Flanged Tube, Pipe and Hose Connections, 4-Bolt Split Flange Type5.3.1 Hydraulic hoses shall be protected from bearing or rubbing on structural components.5.4 Wire Rope ComponentsIndustry Standards and specifications related to wire rope components aregenerally for larger, highe

40、r capacity systems other than wheelchair lifts. However, the design principles of wirerope systems in general are applicable to wheelchair lifts; therefore, the principles given in the followingdocuments should be employed in lift design and should be certified in writing by the manufacturer uponsub

41、mission of the lift for testing.5.4.1 ANSI A120.1-1970Safety Requirements for Powered Platforms for Exterior Building Maintenance, Section14.8, “Drums and Sheaves,” and Section 15, “Hoisting Ropes and Rope Connections.”5.4.2 ANSI B30.2.0-1967Overhead and Gantry Cranes, Section 2-1.10, “Hoisting Equi

42、pment.”5.4.3 McElroy, Frank E. (ed): Accident Prevention Manual for Industrial Operations. 6th Edition, National SafetyCouncil, Chicago, IL, 1969, pp. 641-657.5.4.4 Rossnagel, W.E.: Handbook of Rigging, 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, NY, 1964, pp.4183.5.4.5 Wire rope manufacturers

43、recommendations.5.5 Power Screw ComponentsThe power screw system even when disconnected from the driving sourceshould not allow the platform loaded with 600 lb to descend at a rate greater than 12 in/s or the dropping of anoccupant.5.5.1 The lift designer should ensure that the power screw is checke

44、d for long-column conditions and that anappropriate column design formula is used.5.5.2 Power screw components shall conform to ANSI B1.5 Acme Screw Threads, ANSI B1.8 Stub AcmeThreads, and ANSI B5.4.8 as applicable.COPYRIGHT Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Licensed by Information Handling Serv

45、icesSAE J2093 Reaffirmed NOV1999-6-5.6 FastenersAll fasteners used shall conform to the Society of Automotive Engineers Standards orRecommended Practices as applicable.5.6.1 All nuts and bolts used to secure structural members during manufacture or installation shall be grade 5 orbetter.5.6.2 Self-l

46、ocking fasteners are the preferred method of fastening where a Locking System is indicated. Nuts withflat washers and split lock washers are also acceptable.5.6.3 FASTENER TESTS AND INSPECTIONFasteners shall be considered as integral parts of the lift system andshall be tested for wear, integrity, a

47、nd resistance to loosening or loss through vibration or use conditions.Such testing and inspection shall be done during the Accelerated Life Cycle Test.5.7 Coating and Finishing5.7.1 Corrosion of ferrous metal wheelchair lift components can be expected as a result of contact withatmospheric moisture

48、, road deicing salt solutions, mud, and possibly other corrosive agents. All metallicmaterials shall be corrosion resistant or be protected from such corrosion by the application of protectivecoatings.5.8 FlammabilityFederal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards No. 302 shall apply to nonmetallic component

49、s suchas protective coverings, housings, and padding.6. Operation6.1 Human Factors Standards and Specifications6.1.1 CONTROLS STANDARDControl selection and application shall be done in accordance with good humanfactors practice of location, direction of control movement, force, range, and identification. (Reference:Military Standard 1472 C and Human Factors Design Handbook.)6.1.2 In general, all toggle-type control switches should operate in the direction in which motion is intended unlessrationale is pr