SAE J 1228-2016 Small Craft - Marine Propulsion Engine and Systems - Power Measurements and Declarations.pdf

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1、 _ 6$(7HFKQLFDO6WDQGDUGV%RDUG5XOHVSURYLGHWKDW7KLVUHSRUW LVSXEOLVKHGE6$(WRDGYDQFHWKHVWDWHRIWHFKQLFDODQGHQJL neering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising tKHUHIURPLVWKHVROHUHVSRQV

2、LELOLWRIWKHXVHU SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2016 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, s

3、tored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-07

4、90 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/J1228_201604 SURFACE VEHICLE STANDARD J1228 APR2016 Issued 1980-03 Revised 2016-04 Superseding J1228 AUG2002 Sma

5、ll Craft - Marine Propulsion Engine and Systems - Power Measurements and Declarations RATIONALE Revised the definitions for declared power. 1. SCOPE This SAE Standard specifies the test requirements in addition to those given in ISO 3046-1 for determining the power, at a single point or as a power c

6、urve, of marine propulsion engines or systems for recreational craft and other small craft using similar propulsion equipment of less than 24 m length of the hull. It also provides the means for documenting and checking the declared (rated) power published by the manufacturer. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Appl

7、icable Documents The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. 2.1.1 ISO PUBLICATIONS Available from American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 1

8、0036-8002, Tel: 212-642-4900, www.ansi.org. ISO 3046-1 Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines - Performance - Part 1: Declarations of Power, Fuel and Lubricating Oil Consumptions, and Test Methods - Additional Requirements for Engines for General Use ISO 3046-3 Reciprocating Internal Combustion E

9、ngines - Performance - Part 3: Test Measurements ISO ISO 3675 Crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products - Laboratory determination of density - Hydrometer method ISO 5163 Motor And Aviation-Type Fuels - Determination of Knock Characteristics - Motor Method ISO 5164 Motor Fuels - Determination of

10、 Knock Characteristics - Research Method ISO 5165 Petroleum Products - Determination of Ignition Quality of Diesel Fuels - Cetane Engine Method ISO 8217 Petroleum Products - Fuels (Class F) - Specifications of Marine Fuels SAE INTERNATIONAL J1228 Revised APR2016 Page 2 of 10 3. DEFINITIONS AND DECLA

11、RATIONS 3.1 DECLARED ENGINE SPEED (Crankshaft Speed) 3.1.1 In the case of spark-ignition engines without speed governor, the declared engine speed shall be the midpoint of the full throttle speed range recommended by the manufacturer for propeller selection. 3.1.2 In the case of engines with speed g

12、overnors, the declared engine speed shall be the governed speed chosen by the manufacturer. 3.2 DECLARED POWER The corrected net brake power declared for a given engine or propulsion system at its final output shaft when all the auxiliaries which affect the power output are fitted. The declared powe

13、r shall be determined and corrected according to ISO 3046-1. 3.2.1 The declared power shall be propeller shaft power and so named at the propeller shaft of engines sold with attached propulsion units, such as outboard engines, and at the coupling to the propeller shaft of engines sold with reduction

14、 or reversing gears. 3.2.2 7KHGHFODUHGSRZHUVKDOOEHFUDQNVKDIWSRZHUDQGVRQDPHGZKHQPHDVXUHGDWWKHHQJ LQHRXWSXWVKDIWRIWKHengines. When using crankshaft power, the power declaration shall be accompanied by a statement that propeller shaft power will be reduced by gear losses. 4. TEST EQUIPMENT 4.1 Engine o

15、r Propulsion System 4.1.1 The test engine or propulsion system shall be representative of the manufacturers production units. It shall be run-in according to the manufacturers recommendations and shall be fitted with an exhaust system. All auxiliaries fitted shall be listed and described. 4.1.2 Fuel

16、 system components that may be sensitive to orientation may be reoriented to accommodate engine test positions that are different than normal operating orientations. 4.1.3 If the exhaust system as delivered is not complete, the back-pressure at the declared engine speed shall be within r0.75 kPa of

17、the maximum back-pressure specified by the manufacturer at which the declared power can be achieved. If the exhaust system as delivered is complete, the laboratory exhaust system shall maintain the exhaust pressure at the unit outlet within r0.75 kPa of the barometric pressure at the test bed. NOTE:

18、 The maximum permissible back-pressure declaration is required by ISO 3046-1. 4.1.4 If the engine air inlet is connected to a laboratory air system, the system shall supply air to the engine within r0.75 kPa of the barometric pressure at the test bed. 4.1.5 For liquid-cooled engines, the temperature

19、 of the coolant at the raw-water inlet shall be maintained at 298 K r 15 K (25 r 15 qC) except that for engines with charge air cooler the temperature shall be maintained at 298 K r 5 K (25 r 5 qC). The coolant pressure shall not exceed 50 kPa. The coolant outlet temperature shall be within the rang

20、e specified by the manufacturer if such a range is specified. 4.1.6 Fuel temperature at the inlet of the compression-ignition engine fuel-injection pump shall be maintained at 313 K r 3 K (40 r 3 qC). NOTE: These requirements are not applicable for compression ignition engines running on intermediat

21、e or heavy fuels. SAE INTERNATIONAL J1228 Revised APR2016 Page 3 of 10 4.2 Fuels and Lubricants 4.2.1 Fuels used shall conform to the manufacturers specifications. 4.2.2 For spark-ignition engines, record the test fuel and the octane number determined in accordance with ISO 5163 (motor method) and I

22、SO 5164 (research method), and density determined in accordance with ISO 3675. 4.2.3 For compression-ignition (diesel) engines, record the cetane number determined in accordance with ISO 5165, the density determined in accordance with ISO 3675 or API gravity, and lower calorific value. Use ISO-F-DMX

23、 (see ISO 8217) or equivalent fuel if compatible with the engine. 4.2.4 Lubricating oil used shall conform to the manufacturers recommendations. Record lubricating oil type, grade and, if applicable, viscosity of the lubricant. 5. TEST CONDITIONS 5.1 Test conditions should be maintained as near to s

24、tandard reference conditions as possible (see 3.2) in order to minimize the magnitude of the correction factor. Adjustments shall be made before the test in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. No changes or adjustments shall be made during the test, except as indicated in the test proced

25、ure. 5.2 Generator and Hydraulic Systems - The generator or alternator, hydraulic systems and similar systems intended for intermittent load only shall be operated under no-load conditions. 5.3 Engine Stabilization - No data shall be taken until the engine has reached stable operating conditions mai

26、ntained for at least 2 min within the permissible deviations prescribed in ISO 3046-3 clause 4.2. 5.4 Engine Speed - During a run or reading the engine speed shall not deviate from the nominal speed by more than r1% or r10 r/min, whichever is greater. 5.5 Fluid Levels - All fluid levels shall be wit

27、hin the range specified by the manufacturer. 5.6 Wet Exhaust System - Wet exhaust systems shall be operated with the water flow necessary for normal installations. 6. DATA ACQUISITION 6.1 Accuracy - Test measurements and their degree of accuracy shall be as specified in ISO 3046-3. 6.2 Air Temperatu

28、re - The temperature of the inlet air to the engine (ambient air) shall be measured so as to obtain a mass average temperature. The temperature shall be taken in the engine inlet air stream or within 150mm of the air inlet to the air cleaner, silencer, or flame arrester. On outboard engines the cowl

29、, if supplied, shall be regarded as a part of the air inlet system. 6.3 Temperature of Coolant - The temperature of the coolant medium shall be measured not further than 150mm from the raw-water inlet. Water jacket temperatures in liquid-cooled engines and engine temperatures in air-cooled engines s

30、hall be measured at point(s) specified by the manufacturer. 6.4 Lubricating Oil Temperature - Lubricating oil temperatures shall be measured at point(s) specified by the manufacturer. 6.5 Readings - Observed dynamometer load, engine speed, ambient air pressure, wet and dry bulb readings, and fuel co

31、nsumption data (if recorded) shall be taken simultaneously, and shall be the average of at least two stabilized sustained values which do not vary more than the permissible deviations prescribed in ISO 3046-3 clause 4.2, except that engine speed shall not vary more than r1% or r10 r/min, whichever i

32、s greater. A measuring interval of not less than 30 s shall be used when measuring engine speed and fuel consumption. SAE INTERNATIONAL J1228 Revised APR2016 Page 4 of 10 6.6 Recording of Results - Power test data given in 6.6.1 to 6.6.3 should be recorded. 6.6.1 The following data shall be recorded

33、 simultaneously, within 1 min: a. Engine speed b. Torque or beam load c. Intake air temperature and pressure at the point located and specified in 6.2 d. Fuel temperature (for compression-ignition diesel engines only) e. Ambient air temperature of the atmosphere f. Barometric pressure at the test be

34、d g. Wet and dry bulb temperature 6.6.2 The following data shall also be recorded: h. Laboratory exhaust system pressure (see 4.1.3) i. Lubricating oil temperature (see 6.4) j. Coolant temperature at raw-water inlet and engine outlet (see 4.1.5 and 6.3) k. Coolant supply pressure (see 4.1.5) l. Fuel

35、 delivery per injection cycle (for compression ignition diesel engines only and if the engine has no acceptance test) m. Exhaust back-pressure (see 4.1.3) n. Fuel and Lubricants used (see 4.2) 6.6.3 The following optional data should be recorded where applicable or for safety of operation: o. Lubric

36、ating oil pressure p. Intake air temperature and pressure inside the air intake manifold q. Exhaust gas temperature r. Ignition or injection timing s. Fuel supply pressure at supply-pump outlet t. Fuel consumption per unit of time 7. PRESENTATION OF DATA 7.1 Declaration of Power and Speed - A single

37、 value of the declared power shall be accompanied by a statement of the declared engine speed. Power and engine speed may alternatively be presented as a power curve.Declarations shall indicate whether the power is propeller shaft power (see 3.2.1) or crankshaft power (see 3.2.2). 7.2 Engine Speed R

38、ange and Declared Power - It is recommended to choose the full throttle engine speed range quoted in 3.1.1 so that the highest power within this range does not exceed the declared power by more than 6%. If the highest power exceeds declared power by more than 6%, both powers shall be stated. 8. MANU

39、FACTURING TOLERANCE The declared (rated) power at declared (rated) engine speed of any individual marine propulsion engine or propulsion system shall not deviate from its measured value by more than: a. r5% for engines or propulsion systems with speed governors of more than 100 kW declared power, or

40、 b. r10% or r0.45 kW, whichever is greater, for all other engines and propulsion systems. SAE INTERNATIONAL J1228 Revised APR2016 Page 5 of 10 9. NOTES 9.1 Marginal Indicia A change bar (l) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the user in locating areas where technical revisions, not

41、 editorial changes, have been made to the previous issue of this document. An (R) symbol to the left of the document title indicates a complete revision of the document, including technical revisions. Change bars and (R) are not used in original publications, nor in documents that contain editorial

42、changes only. PREPARED BY THE SAE MARINE TECHNICAL STEERING COMMITTEE SAE INTERNATIONAL J1228 Revised APR2016 Page 6 of 10 APPENDIX A For the convenience of the user, this appendix contains applicable portions of the information contained in the latest ISO 3046-1 and ISO 3046-3 Standards. A.1 STANDA

43、RD REFERENCE CONDITIONS - (Reference ISO 3046-1, 4th Edition) The Standard Reference Conditions Are: a. Total Barometric Pressure - 100 kPa b. Air Temperature - 298 K c. Relative Humidity - 30% (equivalent to 1.0 kPa) d. Charge Air Coolant Temperature - 300 K A.2 CORRECTION METHODS - (Reference Iso

44、3046-1, 4th Edition) - Corrected Power is Equal to Observed Power Times the Correction Factor. The Correction Methods Are: A.2.1 Spark Ignition Engines - The formula for the power correction factor for naturally aspirated and pressure charged spark ignition engines in SI units is: (Eq. A1) where: Py

45、 is the barometric pressure in the test cell (kPa) I Psy is the water vapor pressure in the test cell in kPa at applicable temperature and humidity Ty is the intake air temperature in qC This formula applies to carburetted engines and to other engines where the fuel management system is designed to

46、maintain a relatively constant fuel/air ratio as ambient conditions change. A.2.1.1 Limitation in Use of Correction Formula - This formula is only applicable if the correction factor a is between 0.93 and 1.07, the ambient temperature at the air inlet to the engine is 10 C, and the dry barometric pr

47、essure is 80 to 100 kPa. If these limits are exceeded the corrected value obtained shall be given, and the test ambient conditions (temperature and pressure) precisely stated in the test report. A.2.2 Compression Ignition Engines - The general formula for the power correction factor for compression

48、ignition engines is: (Eq. A2) fa is the atmospheric factor fm is the engine factor A.2.2.1 The atmospheric factor indicates the effect of environmental conditions (pressure, temperature, and humidity) on the air drawn in by the engine. The atmospheric factor formula differs according to the types of engines. SAE INTERNATIONAL J1228 Revised