SAE ARP 906B-2001 Glossary Aircraft Engine Starting and Auxiliary Power Systems《飞机发动机起动和辅助动力系统的词汇表》.pdf

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1、SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirelyvoluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefro

2、m, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.Copyright 2001 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.

3、A.TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: (724) 776-4970 FAX: (724) 776-0790 SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001AEROSPACE RECOMMENDED PRACTICEARP906 REV.BIssued 1968-11Revised 2001-04Supesedes ARP906AGlossary, Aircraft Engine Starting and Auxiliary Power Systems1.

4、SCOPE:The Aircraft Engine Starting and Auxiliary Power System Glossary presents definitions of terms commonly encountered and associated with aircraft engine starting and auxiliary power systems. Terms have been arranged alphabetically.1.1 Purpose:The purpose of the Aircraft Engine Starting and Auxi

5、liary Power System Glossary is to promote the consistent usage of terms commonly encountered and associated with aircraft engine starting and auxiliary power systems. The usage of terms presented herein will serve to promote clarity and avoid many misunderstandings throughout the aerospace industry.

6、2. REFERENCES:2.1 Applicable Documents:The following publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. The latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. The applicable issue of other publications shall be the issue in effect on the date of the purchase order. In the event of

7、conflict between the text of this document and references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained.SAE ARP906 Revision B- 2 -2.1.1 SAE Publications: Available

8、from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.ARP147 Nomenclature, Aircraft Air Conditioning EquipmentAS194 Nomenclature - Engine Cooling FanARP243 Nomenclature, Aircraft Hydraulic and Pneumatic SystemsAS425 Nomenclature and Abbreviations for Use On The Flight DeckARP480 Nomenclature G

9、uide for Propulsion Systems Support EquipmentARP1931 Glossary of terms with Specific Reference to Electrical Wiring and CableAIR1615 Thesaurus for Fuel System ComponentsAS8033 Nickel Cadmium Vented Rechargeable Aircraft Batteries1999 (Annual) SAE Aerospace Standards IndexTomsic, Joan L., SAE Diction

10、ary of Aerospace Engineering, 2nd Edition, 1998, 758 pp.TSB003, Rules for SAE Use of SI (Metric) Units2.3 Definitions:ACCUMULATOR: Pressure vessel used to store fluid under pressure, fluid typically held under pressure by a piston or diaphragm backed by a compressed spring or pressurized gas, usuall

11、y a component of hydraulic or fuel systems.AIR BOTTLE: Container specifically designed to store gases at a designated pressure, designed to a maximum or minimum pressure, typically twice the storage pressure, supplied air pressure is typically regulated down to starter entry working pressure, typica

12、lly spherical or cylindrical with hemi-spherical ends.AIRCRAFT QUALITY: Workmanship and finish of a component of sufficiently high grade to insure satisfactory operation, reliability and durability consistent with the application and storage life requirements.AIR FLOW PARAMETER: Mathematical express

13、ion of gas flow, or , with conditions of pressure and temperature defined at the component inlet interface, sometimes called Air Flow Factor, Air Flow Function, or Corrected Flow.AIRFLOW or WEIGHT FLOW: Amount of air provided to the starter inlet, flow rate controlled by the starter nozzle size and

14、depends on the pressure and temperature of the air, describes amount of air ingested into an APU or a design condition for a heat exchanger.AIRFRAME MOUNTED ACCESSORY DRIVE (AMAD): Accessory drive package consisting of a gearbox and secondary-power components, mounted to the airframe remote from the

15、 main engine, may be powered by an APU; by the propulsion engine through a PTO (power take-off) shaft; by bleed air; or by a combination of the three, sometimes referred to as the Airframe Mounted Accessory Gearbox (AMAG) or Accessory Drive Gearbox (ADG).WTP-W -SAE ARP906 Revision B- 3 -2.3 (Continu

16、ed):AIRSTART ENVELOPE: Portion of the flight envelope (altitude and airspeed) in which airstarts may be successfully initiated, generally divided into assisted and unassisted (windmilling) subenvelopes.AIR STARTING: Process of starting a main propulsion engine while inflight by either windmilling, o

17、r with starter-assist.AIR TURBINE STARTER: Air turbine device that provides shaft power to start an engine, generally includes an inlet scroll, turbine, reduction gears, an engagement mechanism or clutch and may include a speed switch or speed signal to signal cutoff speed, a machine that converts t

18、he kinetic energy of moving air to mechanical power by the impulse of the fluid upon blades arrayed about the circumference of the shaft, sometimes referred to as “Pneumatic Starter”.ANTI-DRIVE END: End of the starter or accessory opposite the end which mates with the engine, or driver device.ASSIST

19、ED WET CAVITY: Oil lubrication arrangement used in some starters that denotes partial shared oil lubrication with the propulsion engine gearbox, arrangement eliminates shaft seals and assures a supply of oil.AUTO-SHUTDOWN: Uncommanded shut down of the APU, usually caused by the activation of one or

20、more built-in self-protection features to limit the rotor speed, oil temperature, exhaust gas temperature or other APU engine parameter.AUTOSTART: Associated with digital engine controls such as FADEC, sequence steps in starting a power plant engine programmed into the control and initiated by pushi

21、ng a button in the cockpit, typically, if the engine does not successfully complete the first attempt, the control will “lean” the fuel schedule for two additional start attempts before shutting off, also utilize in an APU.AUXILIARY POWER: Non-propulsive power generated on board the aircraft for the

22、 purpose of providing pneumatic and/or shaft power and/or electric power.AUXILIARY POWER UNIT (APU): Internal combustion engine (usually a gas turbine) used to generate shaft power and/or bleed air to power the aircrafts accessory components, applications of power generated by APU:a. Providing air f

23、or the environmental control system and starter.b. Driving the AMAD or starting the main propulsion engine.c. Driving electrical generators and hydraulic pumps, sometime emergency power components.BACKLASH: Limited rotational motion of shafting in a component or power drive train, when shaft torsion

24、 applied in clockwise then, counterclockwise direction.SAE ARP906 Revision B- 4 -2.3 (Continued):BACK PRESSURE: Static differential pressure level measured between the starter exhaust pressure (P2) and altitude ambient pressure usually due to nacelle venting restrictions and/or overboard ducting.BAT

25、TERY POWER - Imp RATING: Maximum power discharge current, declared as a minimum by the manufacturer and expressed in amperes, which the fully charged, 23 C cell or battery shall be capable of delivering immediately prior to the conclusion of a 15 s maximum power discharge, controlled so as to mainta

26、in a constant terminal voltage at 1/2 of the rated value. See AS8033.BLEED AND BURN: Describes a process whereby air (extracted from a compressor or air bottle) is combined with fuel and burned to release the potential energy of the mixture.BLOWOUT: Used to indicate that a combustor has ceased burni

27、ng its fuel; i.e., the fire has been blown out. Sometimes called “Flameout”.BREAK-IN: Initial run procedure used to condition mating surfaces on component parts (e.g., gears, piston and cylinder) operating relative to each other, after break-in, best practices require replacing the lubricant to remo

28、ve residual burrs and wear particals.BURST PRESSURE: Maximum pressure that a unit or vessel must withstand without rupture or catastrophic failure, typically two times the proof pressure, minimum burst pressure test applied at maximum operating temperature. See “Proof Pressure”.CARTRIDGE STARTER: Ac

29、cessory starter mounted physically on a gas turbine and powered by hot gases from a one-shot, solid-propellant cartridge with a built-in initiator, for manned aircraft, the starters combustion chamber is designed so that the cartridge is easily replaceable, some unmanned vehicles (such as cruise mis

30、siles) have a starter incorrectly described as a “Cartridge Starter”; however, utilize a combustion chamber preloaded with a one-shot, non-replaceable charge of solid propellant.a. BREECH: Combustion chamber on a cartridge starter that contains the cartridge and in which the cartridge is fired.b. BR

31、EECH CAP: Removable portion of the breech, which contains the electrical contacts for initiating combustion.c. BREECH CHAMBER: Fixed portion of the breech, which directs the cartridge gas to the starter.SAE ARP906 Revision B- 5 -2.3 (Continued):CARTRIDGE: Gas generation device, packaged to include i

32、gnition, propellant and other required hardware, utilize solid propellant composed of both the fuel and the oxidizer mixed together in a solid form.a. MONOPROPELLANT: Cartridge using a single propellant, e.g., Hydrazine in liquid form.b. BI-PROPELLANT: Cartridge using a fuel and an oxidizer, general

33、ly in liquid form.c. SOLID PROPELLANT: Cartridge which incorporates a fuel and oxidizer in solid form, two bases, Double Base - a homogeneous mixture of fuel and oxidizer while, Composite Base a heterogeneous mixture of fuel and oxidizer.CHARGE TIME: See “Fill Time”.CHOP:a. FUEL CHOP: Shutoff of fue

34、l when engine is running.b. THROTTLE CHOP: Rapid throttle movement from any power setting to idle or cutoff.CLUTCH: See “Engaging Mechanism”.COMPRESSOR BLEED VALVE: Valve used to control air flow from an engine compressor to provide:a. Additional compressor stall margin during starting and/or accele

35、ration, used for stall margin during operation at high shaft/low pneumatic loads on integral bleed APU.b. An air source for various applications.c. Quick flow dump capability to prevent surging when flow demand is instantaneously terminated.CONSECUTIVE STARTS: Attempts to start the engine that close

36、ly follow a previous start attempt, engine may or may not come to rest before the next start attempted.CONSTANT HORSEPOWER LINE: Locus of points on a curve where the product of torque and speed is constant.CONTAINMENT: Ability of the starter or APU to retain within its envelope all high energy fragm

37、ents of the turbine(s) or other rotating components if these parts are caused to fail by separation.SAE ARP906 Revision B- 6 -2.3 (Continued):CONTAINMENT DEVICE: Shroud or shield surrounding a selected area(s) of an APU and/or air turbine starter that will retain within its envelope all high energy

38、fragments of a turbine(s) or other rotating components if the rotating components fail, may be an integral part of the component housing.CORRECTED SPEED: Of a turbine or compressor utilized to present performance adjusted for temperature variation. usually expressed as or where, T and defined as tem

39、perature and corrected temperature respectively at the inlet of the starter or APU, T and are corrected to standard conditions.CRANK (verb): To rotate the main shaft of an engine prior to lightoff by means of a starter.CRANKING SPEED: See “Speed”.CROSS BLEED: Ducted air from the compressor section o

40、f an operating engine to another unfired engine such that this compressed air can be used for starting the unfired engine or for other purposes.CROSS-BLEED STARTING: Starting of one engine utilizing cross-bleed air from another operating engine.CUTOUT SWITCH: Switch activated by a speed sensing devi

41、ce used to terminate starter operation at a predetermined engine rotor speed, sometimes located on the output shaft side of the starter.CUTOUT SPEED: See “Speed, Starter Cutoff”.CUTTER: Feature in a starter to ensure turbine wheel containment, severes the turbine disk in the event of turbine wheel o

42、verspeed or failure, both axial and radial containment of rotating material considered. See “Containment Device”.DECOUPLER: Device used to decouple the starter from the engine (or AMAD gearbox) in the event the starter clutch locks-up resulting in the engine driving the starter turbine, sometimes us

43、ed to decouple the AMAD from engine so that starter may be used to motor the AMAD for electrical, hydraulic, or fuel boost power during ground maintenance.DELAYED LIGHTOFF: Delay in initiation of combustion in the combustion of a gas turbine engine or rocket relative to expectations.DETAIL SPECIFICA

44、TION: Aircraft or engine manufacturers document or military specification used to define the applicable design and performance parameters required for a particular starter or component application.NT- N-SAE ARP906 Revision B- 7 -2.3 (Continued):DISCONNECT, AMAD: Term “decoupler” should be used inste

45、ad of “AMAD disconnect”.DISENGAGEMENT: Uncoupling of the starter from the engine by means of the starter clutch, or engaging device, normally occurs at starter cutout speed or starter maximum speed.DUAL CLUTCH: Engagement mechanism used in some starters making use of a primary and secondary element

46、to increase reliability.DUAL RATIO: Provides two gear ratios from the power source to the driven components, typically, one gear ratio used for propulsion engine starting, and another gear ratio used for driving the generator and hydraulic pump during ground servicing, typically two gear systems iso

47、lated from each other by over-running clutches.DUAL RANGE VALVE: Starter control air valve with dual solenoid valves, typically the higher pressure level for propulsion engine starting and a lower pressure level for motoring speed of the starter.DUTY CYCLE: Load (electrical, hydraulic, mass flow, to

48、rque) versus time profile of a component performing its intended function, maximum recommended continuous operating time of an air turbine starter (minutes).EFFICIENCY, POWER (TURBINE): Ratio of “shaft-power-out” to ”air-horsepower-in”.EFFICIENCY, VOLUMETRIC: Ratio of actual flow to that flow define

49、d by the design parameters of interest (i.e., speed, displacement) for a specific item.ELECTRONIC SEQUENCING UNIT (ESU): Electronic Control Unit (ECU), Digital Electronic Control Unit (DECU) or Engine Control Unit (ECU): Analog or digital controller contains control logic for gas turbine engine systems including but not limited to starting, fuel scheduling, IGVA scheduling, SCV operation, and PMG operation, usually contains built-in test capability and will shutdown the engine for faults such as overspeed, overte