2018年中考英语真题分类汇编题型2完形真空专项训练八热点话题（含解析）.doc

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1、1专 项 训 练 八 热 点 话 题时间：710 分钟/篇 分值：1 分/小题Cloze 1(2018达州)屠 呦 呦Its reported that the 2015 Nobel Prizes have been announced on October 5th. Swedens Nobel Prize committee(委员会) said the Nobel Prize for _1_ will go to scientists from Ireland, Japan and China. The prize for medicine is going to Chinese resea

2、rcher Tu Youyou. She _2_ artemisinin(青蒿素). Artemisinin is a drug that has greatly lowered the number of people who die from malaria(疟疾). The committee said her greatest achievement is that the discovery of artemisinin has given the world new ways to fight _3_ two serious diseases. It is said those d

3、iseases influence millions of people every year. Ms. Tu is the chief professor at the China Academy(学院) of Traditional Medicine. She is also the _4_ Chinese citizen to be awarded the Nobel Prize in medicine. Ms. Tu went through about 40 failures before she succeeded. But she never _5_ and always fou

4、ght on.( )1. A. physics B. math C. chemistry D. medicine( )2. A. discovered B. found C. called D. invented( )3. A. for B. at C. against D. in( )4. A. first B. second C. third D. fourth( )5. A. ate up B. gave up C. took up D. made upCloze 2(2018天水)“二 孩 ”政 策Its reported that China will allow all coupl

5、es _1_ two children from January 1st, 2018. It will end the onechild _2_ that has been carried out since the late 1970s. One child policy _3_ some problems to onechild families and the country. The government has realized the problems, so the government will change the situation.The longawaited(期待已久

6、的) policy immediately excited the public. Many _4_ couples will prepare for a second child, because they think only _5_ one child will make the only child feel _6_. So they want to have _7_ child. But some young couples are still considering whether to have a second child. They think having another

7、child will need much money. _8_ life will be hard.But many businessmen have begun seeking opportunities to earn money from the policy. Almost all companies are _9_ childraising, including baby clothes, toys and cartoons. Some foreign milk powder companies do business in China.James Liang, a professo

8、r in Peking University, predicts that the annual(每年的) number of births will increase by 2.4 million.“_10_ 30，000 yuan(about 2$4，724) is spent on a baby every year, about 75 billion yuan will be created.”said Liang.( )1. A. to have B. has C. having D. had( )2. A. fact B. result C. reason D. policy( )

9、3. A. teach B. brought C. gave D. take( )4. A. young B. old C. bad D. foreign( )5. A. has B. had C. having D. have( )6. A. happily B. happy C. lonely D. alone( )7. A. other B. another C. others D. another one( )8. A. Theirs B. His C. Her D. Their( )9. A. with B. about C. at D. in( )10. A. When B. Al

10、though C. If D. UnlessCloze 3(2018广州)遇 “校 园 欺 凌 ”应 勇 敢 说 出 来When Rebecca was a middle school student, she was often bullied(欺凌). At that time, she didnt want to tell others. However, she now thinks people who are bullied should talk about their _1_Rebecca says that many people who are bullied _2_ in

11、 silence. She says that although she _3_ heard a lot about bullying when she was in primary school, she never thought it would happen to her.Rebecca told us that the bullying began when she went to middle school. People started making fun of her for being a _4_ student and knowing all the answers.Sh

12、e went on to say that every time she answered a question correctly in class, everyone would start shouting and saying that she was too _5_ for them.She told us that by the end of the year, she was very _6_ about the bullying and became ill. She began to hate school. But _7_ she had a friend who she

13、could talk to, and they told their head teacher about her problem. She believes that talking to the teacher _8_ her a lot. They found ways to deal with the problem, and the bullying finally _9_Her _10_ is, dont see yourself as the problem. Nobody should be bullied. But if you dont tell anyone what i

14、s going on, nobody will know that you need help.( )1. A. experiences B. jokes C. hobbies D. studies( )2. A. sleep B. laugh C. suffer D. play( )3. A. seldom B. always C. never D. suddenly( )4. A. bad B. happy C. silent D. good( )5. A. clever B. slow C. noisy D. proud( )6. A. pleased B. worried C. sat

15、isfied D. amazed( )7. A. usually B. interestinglyC. luckily D. strangely( )8. A. surprised B. controlled C. excited D. helped( )9. A. started B. stopped C. increased D. continued( )10. A. problem B. agreement C. condition D. advice3Cloze 4(2018滨州)点 赞 图 标“If you agree with me, please Dianzan.”Do you

16、know Dianzan is one of the most popular words on the Internet? When you think someones ideas are right, when you think someones articles are _1_， or when you are moved by what someone writes, you can click (点击)the praise sign. Anyhow, clicking the praise sign _2_ that you agree with someone or prais

17、e someone.Dianzan is a kind of Chinese Internet language. People _3_ use it when they surf the Internet. There is a function (功能 ) of Dianzan in the QQ space. The QQ space has had the function _4_ 2010. It didnt become very popular until Sina blog (新浪博客 ) _5_ the function of Dianzan. In recent years

18、, it has become more and more popular. When the 2015 New Year came, Chinese leader Xi Jinping used the word Dianzan to praise and _6_ his thanks to the great Chinese people.Websites can know how many people support some ideas _7_ counting how many people click the praise sign. Experts can know _8_ t

19、eenagers are caring about through what they click the sign for.That can help them solve teenagers _9_Clicking the praise sign is really a(n) _10_ thing. Have you ever clicked the sign for anybody on the Internet?( )1. A. wonderful B. terrible C. hard D. awful( )2. A. offers B. takes C. means D. avoi

20、ds( )3. A. never B. luckily C. slowly D. usually( )4. A. after B. since C. in D. before( )5. A. broke B. checked C. refused D. started( )6. A. accept B. express C. create D. receive( )7. A. by B. on C. at D. under( )8. A. that B. where C. what D. when( )9. A. plans B. happiness C. problems D. fairne

21、ss( )10. A. difficult B. surprising C. embarrassing D. easy, 小 词 典)1. committee n委员会 2. researcher n研究员(者)3. artemisinin n青蒿素 4. malaria n疟疾5. academy n学院 6. longawaited adj.期待已久的7. powder n粉 8. annual adj.每年的49. bully v欺凌 10. click v点击11. function n功能；作用 12. Sina blog 新浪博客专项训练八 热点话题Cloze 1【主旨大意】本文是

22、一篇说明文。介绍了中国科学家屠呦呦获得了 2015诺贝尔生理学医学奖，因为她发现了抗疟疾的青蒿素，减少了死于疟疾的人数。她是获得此项殊荣的第一位中国公民。1. D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意为：瑞典的诺贝尔奖委员会说，诺贝尔由来自爱尔兰、日本和中国的科学家们(获得)。physics 物理学；math 数学；chemistry 化学；medicine医学。再联系下文中出现的“The prize for medicine.”可知选 D。2. A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意为：她青蒿素。discovered 发现，是指第一次看到或找到前人没有看到的事物、现象或规律；found 发现，找到，看到，

23、强调发现的结果；called呼叫；invented 发明，是指创造出世界上原来没有的事物或方法。屠呦呦发现的青蒿素是中药中本来就存在的物质。故选 A。3. C【解析】考查 fight与介词的搭配。句意为：发现了一种与两种严重疾病新的方法。 fight for为而战；fight against对抗，反对，与作斗争。由常识可知是与疾病作斗争。故选 C。 4. A 【解析】考查序数词。句意为：她也是获得“诺贝尔医学奖”的中国公民。根据常识可知，这是中国人第一次获得诺贝尔奖，故选 A。5. B【解析】考查动词词组辨析。句意为：但是她从来没有并且总是在战斗。ate up 吃光；gave up放弃；too

24、k up 开始从事，接受(提议)，占据；made up 组成，补足，化妆，编造。根据下文“.and always fought on.”可知她继续坚持斗争，从未放弃，故选 B。Cloze 2【主旨大意】本文为一篇说明文。介绍了“二孩政策”的开放引起的社会影响及人们对此采取的对策。1. A【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：据报道，从 2018年 1月 1日起，中国将会允许所有夫妇二孩儿。allow sb. to do sth.意为“允许某人去做某事” ，故选 A。2. D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这将会结束从上世纪 70年代后期就开始实行的独生子。fact 事实；result 结果；reaso

25、n 理由；policy 政策。根据后文提示“One child policy .”可知此空答案为 policy“政策” 。故选 D。=3. B【解析】考查动词时态及动词词义辨析。句意：独生子政策给独生子家庭及社会一些问题。teach 教；brought 带来；gave 给；take 拿走。分析语境可知是带来问题且发生在过去。故选 B。4. A【 解析】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：许多夫妻想要第二个孩子 young年轻的；old老的；bad 坏的；foreign 外国的。根据语境可知是年轻的夫妻。故选 A。5. C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：因为他们认为只一个小孩会使独生子感到。分析句子结构可

26、知，because 引起的是原因状语从句，think 后为宾语从句，从句中动名词短语 only having one child作主语。故选 C。6. C【解析】考查形容词和副词混合辨析。句意：因为他们认为只生一个小孩会使独生子感到。happily 快乐地；happy 开心的；lonely 孤独的；alone 单独的。feel lonely意为“感到孤独” ，为固定表达。故选 C。7. B【解析】考查不定代词。句意：因此，他们想要孩子。other 其它的(人或物)；another另一个，三者或者三者以上的另一个；others 其他人；another one另一个，等于 another chil

27、d。分析句意可知 B符合语境。故选 B。8. D【 解析】 考查物主代词。句意： 生活将会很辛苦。Theirs 他/她/它们的(名词性物主5代词)；His 他的(形容词性/名词性物主代词)；Her 她的(形容词性物主代词)；Their 他/她/它们的(形容词性物主代词)。分析语境可知指代他们的，且修饰 life应用 Their。故选 D。9. B【解析】考查介词用法。句意：几乎所有的公司都在从事抚养孩子的业务，包括孩子的衣服、玩具和动画片。with 和；about 关于；at 在；in 在里面。分析语境及句意可知是做与孩子有关的业务。故选 B。10. C【解析】考查连词用法。句意：每个孩子每年

28、花费 3万元，那么将会创造 750亿元利润。When 当时；Although 尽管；If 如果；Unless 除非，如果不。根据语境可知，说话者做出的是一种假设。故选 C。Cloze 3【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了一位叫 Rebecca的女士认为当我们在学校遭到欺凌的时候应该勇敢说出来。1. A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意为：然而，她现在认为被欺凌的人应该说说她们的。experiences经历；jokes 笑话；hobbies 爱好；studies 学习。根据语境可知，此处指被欺凌的经历。故选 A。2. C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意为：Rebecca 说很多受欺负的人默默。sle

29、ep 睡觉；laugh嘲笑；suffer 忍受；play 玩。从下句可知，此处指被欺负的人默默忍受。故选 C。3. B【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意为：尽管在小学时听到关于欺凌的事情，但她认为事情不会发生在她身上。seldom 很少；always 总是；never 从不；suddenly 突然。根据语境可知，作者此处表达总是听说过欺凌这件事。故选 B。4. D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：因为她是个学生，知道所有题的答案而遭到同学的嘲笑。bad 坏的；happy 快乐的；silent 沉默的；good 好的。从下段语境可知，作者因为学习好而遭到同学排斥。故选 D。5. A【解析】考查形容

30、词词义辨析。句意为：对于其他同学来说，Rebecca 太。clever聪明的；slow 慢的；noisy 吵闹的；proud 骄傲的。从上文作者能正确回答问题可推知她很聪明。故选 A。6. B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：她告诉我们到年底，她很被欺凌并因此而生病。pleased 高兴的；worried 担心的；satisfied 满意的；amazed 吃惊的。此处考查 be worried about担心。故选 B。7. C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意为：但是，她有一位谈得来的好友，她们一起告知校长她遇到的问题。usually 通常；interestingly 有趣地；luckily

31、幸运地；strangely奇怪地。从上下文可以看出，前文说她开始厌学，后面 but转折，作者很幸运有好友帮助她。故选 C。 8. D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意为：她认为与老师谈话对她。surprised 使惊奇；controlled控制；excited 使激动；helped 帮助。根据语境可知，老师对她帮助很大，其它选项不符题意。故选 D。9. B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意为：她们找到解决问题的办法，欺凌现象最终。started开始；stopped 停止；increased 增加；continued 继续。结合语境可知，此处表示“欺凌现象停止了” 。故选 B。10. D【解析】考查名词

32、词义辨析。句意为：她的是，不要把自己看成问题所在。problem问题；agreement 同意；condition 条件；advice 建议。根据语境可知，前文是老师的帮助，所以此处为建议。故选 D。Cloze 4【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了网络时代点赞现象很普遍，点赞图标的发展及其一些网络调查作用。1. A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。wonderful 极好的；terrible 可怕的；hard 艰苦的；6awful糟糕的，令人敬畏的。根据“When you think someones ideas are right.”可知此空需要填一个褒义形容词，故选 A。2. C【解析】考

33、查动词词义辨析。句意为：总之，点击点赞符号你同意某人或表扬某人。offers提供；takes 拿走；means 意味着，意思是；avoids 避免。根据句意及选项，可知means符合句意，故选 C。3. D【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意为：当他们上网的时候人们使用它。never 从不；luckily幸运地是；slowly 缓慢地；usually 通常。根据前一句“点赞是一种中国网络语言。 ”可知此空表达的意思应该是人们会经常使用。故选 D。4. B【解析】考查介词词义辨析。句意为：QQ 空间 2010年就有这个功能了。after 在之后；since 自从；in 在里；before 在之前。根据

34、本句的时态为现在完成时，可判断本空选择 since自从，故选 B。5. D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意为：它没有变得很流行直到新浪微博点赞的功能。broke破坏；checked 检查；refused 拒绝；started 开始。根据句意及选项，可推知started符合句意，故选 D。6. B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意为：当 2015年新年来临的时候，国家领导人习近平使用“点赞”这个词称赞伟大的中国人并他的感谢。accept 接受；express 表达；create 创造；receive 收到，接收。根据语境只有“表达感谢”符合前后文意思，故选 B。7. A【解析】考查介词词义辨析。句意为

35、：网络可以知道有多少人支持一些观点统计多少人点赞。by 通过；on 在上面；at 在；under 在下面。本空考查介词 by表示“通过”的意思，故选 A。8. C【解析】考查宾语从句引导词的用法。句意为：专家可以通过年轻人所点击的符号来知道他们在关注。that 无实际意义，可作宾语同时也可省略；where 表示地点；what 意为什么，作主语、宾语；when 表示时间。本句中“teenagers are caring about ”为宾语从句，主语和谓语都有，但是缺少 care about的宾语，故选 C。9. C 【解析】 考查名词词义辨析。句意为：那可以帮助他们解决青少年的。plans 计划；happiness幸福；problems 问题；fairness 公平，公正。根据语境只有 problems符合，专家通过青少年关心的点赞，就能判断出青少年的问题所在，故选 C。10. D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：点击点赞图标真的是一件的事情。difficult困难的；surprising 令人惊讶的；embarrassing 令人尴尬的；easy 简单的。通过全文的叙述可知点赞在网络时代是一件很简单的事情，故选 D。