[考研类试卷]考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷257及答案与解析.doc

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1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 257 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 There was a great deal to be troubled by in a report by the International Committee of the Red Cross documenting the kinds of torture and abuse inflicte

2、d on terrorism suspects by the Central Intelligence Agency. One disturbing footnote is that medical personnel were deeply involved in facilitating the abuses, which were intended to coerce suspects into providing intelligence.The report, prepared in 2007 but kept secret until it was published by The

3、 Nexv York Review of Books , was based on Red Cross interviews in late 2006 with 14 “high-value detainees“, who include some of the most dangerous terrorists in custody. The prisoners complaints gain credibility because they described similar abuses and had been kept in isolation at different locati

4、ons, with no chance to concoct a common story. Various prisoners said they had been subjected to waterboarding, forced to stand for days with their arms shackled overhead, confined in small boxes, beaten and kicked, slammed repeatedly into walls, prevented from sleeping, deprived of solid food, forc

5、ed to remain naked for weeks or months at a stretch, often in frigid cells and immersed in cold water. All were kept in continuous solitary confinement for their C. I. A. detention, ranging from 16 months to more than four years.Medical personnel seem to have been involved mostly as facilitators rat

6、her than torturers or interrogators. In one case, they monitored a detainees oxygen saturation with a device attached to his finger so waterboarding could be stopped before the prisoner suffocated. In another case, an amputee forced to stand with his arms shackled overhead had his intact leg checked

7、 daily for signs of dangerous swelling. Several detainees said health workers sometimes instructed interrogators to continue, adjust or stop particular methods of abuse.Such activities violate the ethical codes of major health organizations, both national and international. The Red Cross called it “

8、a gross breach of medical ethics“ that in some cases “amounted to participation in torture and/or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment“.None of the health personnel wore identification, but the prisoners inferred that they were physicians or psychologists. They also could have been paramedics, phys

9、icians assistants or other less-trained personnel.The report underscores the need to have a full-scale investigation into these abusive practices and into who precisely participated in them. Only then will we know whether indictments or, in the case of physicians, the loss of medical licenses, are w

10、arranted.1 What troubled us most in the report was that_.（A）health workers assisted C. I. A. to abuse prisoners（B） it documented the torture inflicted on prisoners（C） terrorism suspects were cruelly tortured by C. I. A.（D）prisoners were compelled to provide intelligence2 The information exposed in t

11、he report was credible since_.（A）it was based on Red Cross interviews with detainees（B） the New York Review of Books had a high reputation（C） it was provided by some dangerous terrorists in custody（D）the abuses described by prisoners kept in isolation were similar3 It was reported that medical staff

12、_.（A）compelled an amputee to stand with his arms shackled overhead（B） had terrorism suspects confined in frigid cells for months or years（C） forced prisoners to remain naked continuously for weeks or months（D）directed torturers or interrogators to use a particular abusive method4 If a physician were

13、 found to he involved in abusing prisoners, he_.（A）might have his medical license revoked（B） might be charged with committing a crime（C） would be condemned for breaching ethics（D）would be pronounced guilty or sentenced5 The proper title for this text should be_.（A）Detainees Abused by C. I. A.（B） Med

14、ically Assisted Torture（C） Abusive Practices in Prisons（D）Terrorism Suspects in Custody5 Although Consumers Union concedes that “ no confirmed cases of harm to humans from manufactured nanoparticles have been reported“, it adds that “there is cause for concern based on several worrisome findings fro

15、m the limited laboratory and animal research so far. “ It worries that particles that are nontoxic at normal sizes may become toxic when nanosized; that these nanoparticles, which are already present in cosmetics and food, can more easily “enter the body and its vital organs, including the brain“, t

16、han normal particles; and that nanomaterials will linger longer in the environment. All of this really comes down to pointing out that some particles are smaller than others. Size is not a reliable indicator of potential harm to human beings, and nature itself is filled with nanoparticles. But the d

17、efault assumption of danger from the new is palpable.Anti-nanotech sentiment has not been restricted to Consumers Union s relatively short list of concerns. In France, groups of hundreds of protesters have rallied against even such benign manifestations of the technology as the carbon nanotubules th

18、at allow Parkinsons sufferers to stop tremors by directing medicine to their own brains. In England members of a group called THRONG(The Heavenly Righteous Opposed to Nanotech Greed)have disrupted nanotech business conferences dressed as angels. In 2005 naked protesters appeared in front of an Eddie

19、 Bauer store in Chicago to condemn one of the more visible uses of nanotech: stain-resistant pants.These nanopants employ billions of tiny whiskers to create a layer of air above the rest of the fabric, causing liquids to roll off easily. Its not quite what Kurzweil and Crichton had in mind, nor is

20、it “little robots in your pants“, as CNN put it. But nanotechnology arguably embraces any item that incorporates engineering at the molecular level, including mundane products like this one.Just as the nano label can be broadly applied to products for branding and attention-grabbing purposes, so too

21、 can critics use the label to condemn barely related developments by linking them to the(still hypothetical)problems of nanopollution and gray goo. But theres a danger in thinking of nanotech only in god-or-goo terms. People at both extremes of the controversy fail to appreciate the humble, incremen

22、tal, yet encouraging progress that nanotech researchers are making. And focusing on dramatic visions of nanotech heaven or hell may foster restrictions that delay or block innovations that can extend and improve our lives.6 What worries Consumers Union is that nanoparticles _.（A）linger in environmen

23、t and are omnipresent in nature（B） can enter the brain more easily than normal particles（C） become essential components of cosmetics and food（D）present in products may cause harm to human beings7 The word “palpable“ in the last sentence of the first paragraph most probably means _.（A）tangible（B） ava

24、ilable（C） detectable（D）understandable8 The example of carbon nanotubules is cited to show that _.（A）anti-nanotech sentiment predominates in France（B） nanotech relieves the pain of Parkinsons sufferers（C） even potential benefit of nanotech may cause worry（D）Consumers Unions worry about nanotech is ne

25、gligible9 It seems that nanopant.s _.（A）are as ordinary as any mundane product（B） are not as harmful as some people think（C） tend to provoke anti-nanotech sentiment（D）initiate engineering at the molecular level10 The author argues that nanotech is_.（A）neither god nor devil（B） neither credible nor re

26、liable（C） neither inferior nor superior（D）neither harmful nor beneficial10 So-called “identity theft“ occurs when a person pretends to be someone else(say that victim is you)and a financial institution or government agency accepts as proof of identity the criminals knowledge of your personal data su

27、ch as your Social Security account number or birth date. This personal data is then treated like a “master password“ that allows access to your accountsor even allows for the creation of new accounts in your name. Obviously, so-called identity theft is not really a case of stolen identity, but is in

28、stead a case of impersonation.To prevent ID fraud, government agencies such as the Federal Trade Commission glibly advise individuals to not disclose their personal data. As we all know, however, that advice is laughable. Most Americans are powerless to prevent disclosure of their personal data to s

29、trangers. Take, for example, employer benefits programs. The programs routinely use such data as an employee ID, Social Security account number, and birth date as the required keys to access the employees accounts. Without disclosing such data to a stranger, who is frequently a person in a call cent

30、er in a foreign country, many individuals cant even make appointments for routine dental checkups or eye exams. Considering the growing popularity of companies relocating their call centers overseas, one can only imagine how much this trend will increase identity theft if unchecked.Criminals can als

31、o access our personal data through other means. Wholesale dissemination(sometimes accidentally)of large amounts of personal data happens via government agencies, employers, and other businesses. This can take place through computer backup tapes that are lost or retired without being erased, through

32、the outsourcing of computer operations jobs to people inside as well as outside of the United States, and through lax enforcement of immigration laws thereby allowing foreign criminals to obtain computer jobs in Americajust to name a few. In the state of Wisconsin recently a company printed the Soci

33、al Security numbers of 171 ,000 citizens on 2006 tax booklets that were to be sent through the mail. The printing company is sent a list of Social Security numbers from the state each year. They arc supposed to use parts of each taxpayers confidential information to create an identifying code, but t

34、hey erred.Virtually every Tom, Dick, and Harry in America, along with numerous people in call centers in India and other foreign countries, have access to peoples Social Security account numbers, birth dates, and other personal data. Lets face ityour personal data just isnt a secret anymore.11 The w

35、ord “impersonation“ at the end of the first paragraph most probably means the act of_.（A）stealing（B） imitating（C） pretending（D）counterfeiting12 By saying “that advice is laughable“, the author means that_.（A）that advice is neither professional nor sensible（B） everyone has to disclose his personal da

36、ta sometimes（C） the advices given by the government are rarely workable（D）government agencies are laughable in giving that advice13 The example of employer benefits programs is given to show that_.（A）personal data are required to enjoy any social security program（B） there is much to be done to impro

37、ve employer benefits programs（C） employer benefits programs will inevitably increase identity theft（D）the disclosure of personal data to strangers is inevitable for most people14 Which of the following helps criminals easily obtain our personal data?（A）The strict enforcement of immigration laws.（B）

38、The printing of the Social Security numbers.（C） The proliferation of computer operation jobs.（D）The mishandling of used computer backup tapes.15 The author believes that nobody can keep his personal data secret because_.（A）ones personal information is easily accessible to many people（B） identity the

39、ft has been increasing much faster than ever before（C） personal information is needed to create an identifying code（D）more companies have relocated their call centers overseas15 Respect is your ability to empathize with another human being, despite contrasting opinions, values, or lifestyles. Being

40、able to put yourself in another persons shoes, see the world as they may see it, and respect the decisions they make based on their life, is essential as a part of living. People are uniquely diverse. No one person will ever truly be the same as another. No one is ever going to have all the same opi

41、nions as you, agree with you always, or even understand where you are coming from all of the time. But, if you learn to respect that, things become a lot easier.Respecting a person can be easy when they are similar to you, or their character agrees with the things you favor in life. For example, if

42、an aspiring writer meets a published author, they respect them. But, the more difficult part of respect is maintaining it even when the other person does not relate to you. If you think negatively of a person, it is hard to feel respect for them. But everyone has an aspect of themselves which deserv

43、es respect. Even if nothing else, every person deserves basic human respect.Respect comes in many forms, from what you say to a person, how you treat them, your body language around a person, and even the decisions you make based on a person. What is the simplest way to maintain respect? Treat other

44、s as you would be treated. It is never easy to respect someone who you dislike, or cant relate to. But, it is the most rewarding aspect of respect. When you reach out your hand to a person who does not expect such a gesture from you, they open up. Maybe not right away, but with time, their opinion o

45、f you can change.The same goes for self-respect. Its hard to respect yourself when youve done wrong, made bad decisions, or even just had a rough day. But if you keep believing in yourself, and try to do better each day, respect can become easier.So what is the true meaning of respect? It is being p

46、ositive towards yourself and others when the easier option seems to be negativity. It s giving people a chance, believing in opportunity, and understanding that just because someone is different, doesnt mean you both dont deserve the same.16 According to the text, respect means_.（A）to have a regard

47、for other peoples feelings（B） to establish a solid relationship with others（C） to accept contrasting opinions, or lifestyles（D）to like a person and understand his viewpoint17 The author asserts that_.（A）no two persons are exactly the same（B） everyone has his own world outlook（C） human diversity has

48、to be respected（D）everybody is unusual and remarkable18 The example of an aspiring writer is given to show that_.（A）any person on your side is worthy of your respect（B） maintaining respect for any person is hard to learn（C） feeling respect for a person you dislike is difficult（D）respecting a person

49、you like to become is quite easy19 To maintain respect, you should_.（A）learn to appreciate others individuality（B） treat everyone as he wants to be treated（C） show consideration for those you dislike-（D）regard every person with special attention20 In order to build self-respect, you should_.（A）avoid making any arbitrary decisions（B） be positive towards those you dislike（C） grasp at every opportunity to develop（D）have self-confidence and be optimistic考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷