[考研类试卷]管理类专业学位联考英语(阅读理解)历年真题试卷汇编3及答案与解析.doc
《[考研类试卷]管理类专业学位联考英语(阅读理解)历年真题试卷汇编3及答案与解析.doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《[考研类试卷]管理类专业学位联考英语(阅读理解)历年真题试卷汇编3及答案与解析.doc(20页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、管理类专业学位联考英语(阅读理解)历年真题试卷汇编 3 及答案与解析一、Reading Comprehension0 Should a leader strive to be loved or feared? This question, famously posed by Machiavelli, lies at the heart of Joseph Nyes new book. Mr. Nye, a former dean of the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard and one-time chairman of Americas Na
2、tional Intelligence Council, is best known for promoting the idea of “soft power“, based on persuasion and influences, as a counterpoint to “hard power“, based on coercion(强迫)and force.Having analyzed the use of soft and hard power in policies and diplomacy in his previous books, Mr. Nye has now tur
3、ned his attention to the relationship between power and leadership, in both the political and business spheres. Machiavelli, he notes, concluded that “one ought to be both feared and loved, but as it is difficult for the two to go together, it is much safer to be feared than loved.“ In short, hard p
4、ower is preferable to soft power. But modern leadership theories have come to the opposite conclusion.The context of leadership is changing, they observe, and the historical emphasis on hard power is becoming outdated. In modern companies and democracies, power is increasingly diffused and tradition
5、al hierarchies(等级制 )are being undermined, making soft power ever more important. But that does not mean coercion should now take a back seat to persuasion, Mr. Nye argues. Instead, he advocates a synthesis of these two views. The conclusion of The Powers to Lead, his survey of the theory of leadersh
6、ip, is that a combination of hard and soft power, which he calls “smart power“, is the best approach.The domination theoretical model of leadership at the moment is, apparently, the “transformational leadership pattern“. Anyone allergic(反感)to management term will already be running for the exit, but
7、 Mr. Nye has performed a valuable service in rounding up and summarizing the various academic studies and theories of leadership into a single, slim volume. He examines different approaches to leadership, the morality of leadership and how the wider context can determine the effectiveness of a parti
8、cular leader. There are plenty of anecdotes and examples, both historical and contemporary, political and corporate.Ales, leadership is a slippery subject, and as he depicts various theories, even Mr. Nye never quite nails the jerry to the wall. He is at his most interesting when discussing the mora
9、l aspects of leadership - in particular, the question of whether it is sometimes necessary for good leaders to lie - and he provides a helpful 12-point summary of his conclusions. A recurring theme is that as circumstances change, different sorts of leaders are required, a leader who thrives in one
10、environment may struggle in another, and vice versa. Ultimately that is just a fancy way of saying that leadership offers no easy answers.1 From the first two paragraph we may learn that Mr. Machiavellis idea of hard power is_.(A)well accepted by Joseph Nye(B) very influential till nowadays(C) based
11、 on sound theories(D)contrary to that of modern leadership theories2 Which of the following makes soft power more important today according to Mr. Nye?(A)Coercion is widespread.(B) Morality is devalued.(C) Power is no longer concentrated.(D)Traditional hierarchies are strengthened.3 In his book The
12、Powers to Lead, Mr. Nye has examined all the following aspects of leadership EXCEPT_.(A)authority(B) context(C) approaches(D)morality4 Mr. Nyes book is particularly valuable in that it_.(A)makes little use of management terms(B) summarizes various studies concisely(C) serves as an exit for leadershi
13、p researches(D)sets a model for contemporary corporate leaders5 According to the author, the most interesting part of Mr. Nyes book lies in his_.(A)view of changeable leadership(B) definition of good leadership(C) summary of leadership history(D)discussion of moral leadership5 Americans dont like to
14、 lose wars. Of course, a lot depends on how you define just what a war is. There are shooting warsthe kind that test patriotism and courageand those are the kind at which the U.S. excels. But other struggles test those qualities too. What else was the Great Depression or the space race or the constr
15、uction of the railroads? If American indulge in a bit of flagwhen the job is done, they earned it.Now there is a similar challenge. Global warming. The steady deterioration(恶化)of the very climate of this very planet is becoming a war of the first order, and by any measure, the U.S. is losing. Indeed
16、, if America is fighting at all, its fighting on the wrong side. The U.S. produces nearly a quarter of the worlds greenhouse gases each year and has stubbornly made it clear that it doesnt intend to do a whole lot about it. Although 174 nations approved the admittedly flawed Kyoto accords to reduce
17、carbon levels, the U.S. walked away from them. There are vague promises of manufacturing fuel from herbs or powering cars with hydrogen. But for a country that tightly cites patriotism as one of its core values, the U.S. is taking a pass on what might be the most patriotic struggle of all. Its hard
18、to imagine a bigger fight than one for the survival of a countrys coasts and farms, the health of its people and stability of its economy.The rub is, if the vast majority of people increasingly agree that climate change is a global emergency, theres far less agreement on how to fix it. Industry offe
19、rs its plans, which too often would fix little. Environmentalists offer theirs, which too often amount to native wish lists that could weaken Americans growth. But lets assume that those interested parties and others will always bent the table and will always demand that their voices be heard and th
20、at their needs be addressed. What would an aggressive, ambitious, effective plan look like one that would leave the U.S. both environmentally safe and economically sound ?Halting climate change will be far harder. One of the more conservative plans for addressing the problem calls for a reduction of
21、 25 billion tons of carbon emissions over the next 52 year. And yet by devising a consistent strategy that mixes and blends pragmatism(实用主义)with ambition, the U.S. can, without major damage to the economy, help halt the worst effects of climate change and ensure the survival of its way of life for f
22、uture generations. Money will do some of the work, but whats needed most is will. “Im not saying the challenge isnt almost overwhelming,“ says Fred Krupp. “But this is America, and America has risen to these challenges before.“6 What does the passage mainly discuss?(A)Human wars.(B) Economic crisis.
23、(C) Americas environmental policies.(D)Global environment in general.7 From the last sentence of paragraph 2 we may learn that the survival of a countrys coasts and farms, the health of its people and the stability of its economy is_.(A)of utmost importance(B) a fight no one can win(C) beyond people
24、s imagination(D)a less significant issue8 Judging from the context, the word “rub“(Line 1, Para.3)probably means_.(A)friction(B) contradiction(C) conflict(D)problem9 What is the authors attitude toward Americas policies on global warming?(A)Critical.(B) Indifferent.(C) Supportive.(D)Compromising.10
- 1.请仔细阅读文档,确保文档完整性,对于不预览、不比对内容而直接下载带来的问题本站不予受理。
- 2.下载的文档,不会出现我们的网址水印。
- 3、该文档所得收入(下载+内容+预览)归上传者、原创作者;如果您是本文档原作者,请点此认领!既往收益都归您。
下载文档到电脑,查找使用更方便
2000 积分 0人已下载
下载 | 加入VIP,交流精品资源 |
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 考研 试卷 管理 类专业 学位 联考 英语 阅读 理解 历年 汇编 答案 解析 DOC