[考研类试卷]2015年东北师范大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

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1、2015 年东北师范大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案与解析英译汉1 barriers of time and space2 firecrackers3 distance learning4 elite5 intellectual property6 internal affairs7 WTO8 on the basis of equality and mutual benefit9 unequal treaty10 bilateral cooperation11 sustainable development12 government-funded scholarship13 individua

2、l income tax14 burn the midnight oil15 bio-technology汉译英16 学士学位17 电子公告板18 种族歧视19 劳动力20 情人节21 优惠政策22 零售商店23 全球经济失衡24 自治区25 机器制造产品26 消费品27 商业订单28 文化鸿沟29 股票市场30 学术机构英译汉31 Being told I would be expected to talk here, I inquired what sort of talk I ought to make. They said it should be something suitable

3、 to youthsomething didactic, instructive, or something in the nature of good advice. Very well. I have a few things in my mind which I have often longed to say for the instruction of the young; for it is in one s tender early years that such things will best take root and be most enduring and most v

4、aluable. First, then. I will say to you my young friendsand I say it beseechingly, urginglyAlways obey your parents, when they are present. This is the best policy in the long run, because if you dont, they will make you. Most parents think they know better than you do, and you can generally make mo

5、re by humoring that superstition than you can by acting on your own better judgment.Now as to the matter of lying, you want to be very careful about lying; otherwise you are nearly sure to get caught. Once caught, you can never again be in the eyes to the good and the pure, what you were before. Man

6、y a young person has injured himself permanently through a single clumsy and ill finished lie, the result of carelessness born of incomplete training. Some authorities hold that the young ought not to lie at all. That of course, is putting it rather stronger than necessary; still while I cannot go q

7、uite so far as that, I do maintain, and I believe I am right, that the young ought to be temperate in the use of this great art until practice and experience shall give them that confidence, elegance, and precision which alone can make the accomplishment graceful and profitable. (From 30 Advice to Y

8、outh by Mark Twain)32 Figure skating was one of the events at the very first Winter Olympics in 1924. Before that, figure skaters had competed at the Summer Games as early as 1908. Ice dancing is a relatively new addition to the Games, making its debut at the 1976 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck, Austr

9、ia.The use of skates as a means of transportation in cold northern regions of the world began in prehistoric times. Ice-skating as a sport, however, originated in Holland. From there, it spread to the rest of northern Europe and North America. The worlds first ice-skating club was formed in Edinburg

10、h, Scotland, sometime around the end of the seventeenth century.Though ice-skating is a highly technical activity, it is easy to appreciate. Millions of people around the world enjoy watching the harmonious movements of a skating couple even if they dont know the names of the particular spins or jum

11、ps being used. They are simply attracted by the graceful beauty of this highly entertaining sport.(From Pair Skating and Ice Dancing 双人花样滑冰与冰上舞蹈)33 The Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan reached the great ocean in 1520. He called it “Pacific“, because he found it calm after his voyage around Sou

12、th America. True, it does have violent storms, but generally fewer than the Atlantic.The mighty Pacific washes the shores of five continentsNorth America, South America, Asia, Australia, and Antarctica. Its waters mingle in the southeast with the Atlantic Ocean and in the southwest with the Indian O

13、cean. It is not on the shores of continents or in the coastal islands, however, that the soul of the great Pacific is found. It lies far out where the fabled South Sea Islands are scattered over the huge ocean like stars in the sky.汉译英34 杭州素以风景秀丽著称。七百年前，意大利旅行家马可波罗曾称誉它是“世界上最美丽华贵之城” 。美的山水孕育着美的心灵，美的心灵创

14、造着美的艺术。历来的大诗人、大文学家、大艺术家，都在杭州留下了不朽的篇章。杭州的民间艺术更是异彩纷呈，引人瞩目。杭州的宾馆，设备新颖，服务周到。西湖名菜有南宋风味，载誉已久其特点是用鲜活材料制成，保持原汁原味，美味可口。杭州丝绸纺织等传统工业历史悠久；电子工业和食品工业正在崛起；这里是发展无污染工业的理想之地。35 人类社会发展历程反复昭示，和平与发展互为因果。没有社会的和平稳定，发展就失去保障；没有经济的发展繁荣，和平的基础也会受到侵蚀。当前，由于国际金融危机的冲击，发展问题十分突出，一些发展中国家的社会稳定乃至地区和平受到严重影响，实现千年发展目标的任务紧迫而艰巨。中国主张，国际社会应遵循

15、联合国宪章的宗旨和原则，坚持互信、互利、平等、协作的新安全观，共同维护和平稳定的国际和地区环境。中国也愿意与其他各方一道，积极推动落实联合国千年发展目标，共同促进发展中国家的和平与发展。(选自杨洁篪第十二届中国发展高层论坛年会演讲)36 学而时习之，不亦说乎?有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎? 人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎?吾日三省乎吾身。为人谋，而不忠乎?与朋友交，而不信乎? 传，不习乎?吾十有五而志乎学，三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十而耳顺，七十而从心所欲不逾矩。2015 年东北师范大学英语翻译基础真题试卷答案与解析英译汉1 【正确答案】 时间和空间的障碍2 【正确答案】 鞭炮3 【正确答案】

16、 远程教育4 【正确答案】 精英5 【正确答案】 知识产权6 【正确答案】 内政，内部事务7 【正确答案】 (World Trade Organization) 世界贸易组织8 【正确答案】 在平等互利的基础上9 【正确答案】 不平等条约10 【正确答案】 双边合作11 【正确答案】 可持续发展12 【正确答案】 政府奖学金13 【正确答案】 个人所得税14 【正确答案】 熬夜用功15 【正确答案】 生物科技汉译英16 【正确答案】 bachelor degree17 【正确答案】 Bulletin Board System (BBS)18 【正确答案】 racial discriminati

17、on, racism 19 【正确答案】 labor force20 【正确答案】 Valentines Day21 【正确答案】 preferential policy22 【正确答案】 retailer23 【正确答案】 global economic imbalance24 【正确答案】 autonomous region25 【正确答案】 manufactured products26 【正确答案】 consumer goods27 【正确答案】 business order28 【正确答案】 culture gap29 【正确答案】 stock market30 【正确答案】 aca

18、demy, academic institution英译汉31 【正确答案】 听说我要来这里做演讲，我便询问应该发表一些什么样的谈话。他们说应当谈一些有益于青年的话题教诲性的、启发性的，或者实质上是一些良言忠告。好吧，关于开导青年人，我确实有几件事时常想说；因为正是在人幼小时，这些事最适合扎根，而且影响最持久、最有价值。那么，首先，我要对你们、我的年轻朋友们说的是我恳切地、迫切地要说的是只要你们的父母健在，就要永远服从他们。长远看来这是上策，因为你们要是不服从的话，他们也非要你们服从。大多数家长认为他们比你们懂得多，而且一般来说，如果你们迁就这种迷信的话，会比你们根据自以为是的判断行事受益的多

19、。 接着来谈谈说谎的问题。你们可要非常谨慎地对待说谎；否则十有八九会被揭穿。一旦被揭穿，在善良和纯洁的人眼里看来，你就再也不可能是过去的你了。许多年轻人，因为一次拙劣难圆的谎言，这是由于不完整教育带来的轻率的结果，使得自己永远蒙受损害。有些权威人士认为，年轻人根本不该说谎。当然，这种说法言之过甚，其实未必如此；不过，虽然我不能把话讲得太过分，但是我却认定并且坚信自己的看法是正确的，那就是，在实践和经验使人获得信心、文雅和严谨之前，年轻人运用这门了不起的艺术时应该要有分寸，因为只有这三点才能使得说谎无伤大雅，且带来好处。32 【正确答案】 花样滑冰是 1924 年首届冬奥会的比赛项目之一。在那之

20、前，早在 1908 年的夏季奥运会上，花样滑冰选手们就曾一起进行过比赛。冰上舞蹈则是奥运会中一个比较新的比赛项目，于 1976 年在奥地利因斯布鲁克冬季奥运会中首次作为比赛项目。早在史前时代，冰鞋在寒冷的北国就被当作一种交通工具使用。然而，滑冰作为一项运动则起源于荷兰。从那儿又传到北欧的其他地区和北美洲。大约在 17 世纪末，全世界第一家滑冰俱乐部在苏格兰爱丁堡成立。虽然滑冰是一项高技巧性的运动，但欣赏起来却很容易。即使不知道运动员采用的那些特殊旋转或跳跃动作的名称，全世界数百万的人也乐于欣赏一对滑冰选手表演出来的和谐动作。观众仅仅是被这项高娱乐性的运动展现的优雅美感所吸引。 33 【正确答案

21、】 费迪南德.麦哲伦是一位葡萄牙探险家，他在 1520 年到达这个巨洋。他命名为“ 太平洋”，因为在绕南美洲航行之后他发现这个巨洋很平静。事实上，它有着具有破坏性的大风暴，但是风暴次数通常会比大西洋的要少。太平洋气势磅礴，滚滚波涛拍打着五大洲海岸北美洲、南美洲、亚洲、大洋洲和南极洲。太平洋在东南方与大西洋汇合，在西南方与印度洋相接。然而，浩瀚的太平洋最精美之处不在其大陆海岸，也不在沿海诸岛，而是在远离陆地的海域。在那里，富有神奇色彩的南太平洋诸岛像天上的繁星一样散布在广阔的海面上。 汉译英34 【正确答案】 Hangzhou has a reputation for scenic beauty

22、. About 700 years ago, Marco Polo, a famous Italian traveler, called it “the finest and most magnificent city in the world“.Beautiful scenery cultivates in a beautiful heart, and a beautiful heart in turn creates beautiful art. Throughout the centuries, great poets, celebrated men of letters and fam

23、ous artists have all written immortal poems, essays and paintings about Hangzhou. Even more, Hangzhous folk art and handicrafts are varied and rich. With a style of their own, they hold great attraction for tourists.Hotels and guest-houses in Hangzhou have modern facilities and they can provide good

24、 services. Famous dishes of West Lake, with its characteristics of good taste and seductive flavor, originated in Southern Song Dynasty. With fresh vegetables and live fish or fowl as ingredients, one can savor the dishes with their natural flavor.Hangzhou has a long history of silk and textile prod

25、uction. And its electronic and food-processing industries are undergoing a rapid expansion. So it is an ideal place for developing environmental friendly industries.35 【正确答案】 The history of human development tells us time and again that peace and development are each others essential prerequisites.

26、Development is not possible without peace and stability, and the absence of economic development and prosperity will erode the foundation of peace. The international financial crisis has not only made the issue of development more acute, but also seriously affected the social stability in some devel

27、oping countries and even regional peace. It has also made the attainment of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) a more arduous task. China maintains that the international community should observe the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, follow the new security concept of mutual trust, mut

28、ual benefit, equality and coordination, and work together to uphold a peaceful and stable international and regional environment. China is ready to work with other countries to facilitate the implementation of the MDGs and enhance peace and development in developing countries.36 【正确答案】 Isnt it inter

29、esting that revising after you study it? Isnt it happy that friends come far away to visit you? Isnt it a gentlemen that you are not angry with someone who does not know?Each day I examine myself on three counts: whether or not I am loyal to those in whose behalf I act; whether or not I am trustwort

30、hy in my dealings with friends; whether or not I practice what is imparted.At fifteen, I set my heart upon learning. At thirty, I had planted my firm feet upon the ground. At forty, I no longer suffered from perplexities. At fifty, I knew what the biddings of Heaven were. At sixty, I heard them with docile ear. At seventy, I could follow the dictates of my own heart, for what I desired no longer overstepped the boundaries of right.