EN ISO TS 80004-1-2015 en Nanotechnologies - Vocabulary - Part 1 Core terms.pdf

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1、BSI Standards PublicationPD CEN ISO/TS 80004-1:2015Nanotechnologies VocabularyPart 1: Core termsPD CEN ISO/TS 80004-1:2015 PUBLISHED DOCUMENTNational forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN ISO/TS80004-1:2015. It supersedes PD CEN ISO/TS 80004-1:2014 which iswithdrawn.The UK

2、participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee NTI/1, Nanotechnologies.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible

3、for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 89760 3ICS 01.040.07; 07.030Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Published Document was published under the authority of theStandar

4、ds Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 December 2015.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedTECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SPCIFICATION TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION CEN ISO/TS 80004-1 December 2015 ICS 07.030; 01.040.07 Supersedes CEN ISO/TS 80004-1:2014English Version Nanotechnologies

5、- Vocabulary - Part 1: Core terms (ISO/TS 80004-1:2015) Nanotechnologies - Vocabulaire - Partie 1: Termes “coeur“ (ISO/TS 80004-1:2015) Nanotechnologien - Fachwrterverzeichnis - Teil 1: Kernbegriffe (ISO/TS 80004-1:2015) This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 14 October 2015 fo

6、r provisional application. The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard. CEN members are required to

7、announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possible conversion

8、of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembour

9、g, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey andUnited Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 20

10、15 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN ISO/TS 80004-1:2015 EPD CEN ISO/TS 80004-1:2015CEN ISO/TS 80004-1:2015 (E) 3 European foreword This document (CEN ISO/TS 80004-1:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO

11、/TC 229 “Nanotechnologies“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 352 “Nanotechnologies” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held res

12、ponsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes CEN ISO/TS 80004-1:2014. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,

13、 Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey

14、and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO/TS 80004-1:2015 has been approved by CEN as CEN ISO/TS 80004-1:2015 without any modification. PD CEN ISO/TS 80004-1:2015ISO/TS 80004-1:2015(E)Foreword ivIntroduction vi1 Scope . 12 Terms and definitions . 1Bibliography 3 ISO 2015 All rights

15、reserved iiiContents PagePD CEN ISO/TS 80004-1:2015ISO/TS 80004-1:2015(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO tech

16、nical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely

17、 with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria need

18、ed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directivesAttention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights.

19、 ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patentsAny trade name used in this document

20、 is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TB

21、T) see the following URL: http:/www.iso.org/iso/home/standards_development/resources-for-technical-work/foreword.htmThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 229, Nanotechnologies, and Technical Committee IEC/TC 113, Nanotechnology standardization for electrical and electronic products a

22、nd systems.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/TS 80004-1:2010), which has been technically revised.Documents in the 80000 to 89999 range of reference numbers are developed by collaboration between ISO and IEC.ISO/TS 80004 consists of the following parts, under the genera

23、l title Nanotechnologies Vocabulary: Part 1: Core terms Part 2: Nano-objects Part 3: Carbon nano-objects Part 4: Nanostructured materials Part 5: Nano/bio interface Part 6: Nano-object characterization Part 7: Diagnostics and therapeutics for healthcare Part 8: Nanomanufacturing processesThe followi

24、ng parts are under preparation: Part 9: Nano-enabled electrotechnical products and systems Part 10: Nano-enabled photonic components and systems Part 11: Nanolayer, nanocoating, nanofilm, and related termsiv ISO 2015 All rights reservedPD CEN ISO/TS 80004-1:2015ISO/TS 80004-1:2015(E) Part 12: Quantu

25、m phenomena in nanotechnology Part 13: Graphene and other two-dimensional materials ISO 2015 All rights reserved vPD CEN ISO/TS 80004-1:2015ISO/TS 80004-1:2015(E)IntroductionBy control of matter in the nanoscale (2.1), nanotechnology (2.3) brings together processes and techniques that are used to re

26、search, design and manufacture materials, devices, and systems. It enables management of characteristics such as material size, shape, morphology, chemical composition and molecular configuration for the improvement, or development of, new process and product properties.Applications of nanotechnolog

27、ies are expected to impact virtually every aspect of life and enable dramatic advances in communication, health, manufacturing, materials and knowledge-based technologies. Even if this is only partially realized, there is a need to provide industry and researchers with suitable tools to assist with

28、the development, application and communication of nanotechnologies.A crucial objective is the harmonization of terminology and definitions, in order to promote common understanding and consistent usage across communities where nanotechnologies are being developed and used. In the context of the ISO/

29、TS 80004- series of standards, “terminology” refers to the following:a) a structured or conceptual presentation of vocabulary employed in nanotechnologies,b) assigned definitions for specific units of the language in this vocabulary.This part of ISO/TS 80004 presents terminology and definitions for

30、core terms in this emerging vocabulary, and serves as the foundation for a broader vocabulary constituted collectively by the ISO/TS 80004- series of standards.As nanotechnologies continue to evolve, the terms and definitions to facilitate communications have become increasingly specific and precise

31、. For many communities, the meaning of terms such as “nanoscale”, “nanomaterial” (2.4) and “nanotechnology” are inferred by logical application of the SI unit of scale. The prefix nano- specifically means a measure of 109units, and the nature of this unit is determined by the word that follows. In t

32、he ISO/TS 80004 vocabulary series, however, terms such as “nano-object” (2.5) and “nanoscale” employ size and geometric boundaries to express fundamental and measurable aspects of nanomaterials. In the case of the term nanoscale, the definition acknowledges that the length range of nano-objects migh

33、t fall outside the precise boundaries normally associated with the concept of scale, by indicating that the upper and lower boundaries are approximate.The lower limit (approximately 1 nm) in the definition of nanoscale is introduced to avoid single and small groups of atoms, as well as individual mo

34、lecules, from being designated as nano-objects or elements of nanostructures (2.6), which might be implied by the absence of a lower limit. It should also be recognized that fullerene molecules and single layer planar structures (e.g. graphene) that have dimensions below 1 nm are, in practice, consi

35、dered to be nanomaterials because they are important building blocks for nanotechnology.Further, size-dependent biological effects, specifically particle-cell interactions, and environmental interactions related to nanotechnology, involve structures below 1 nm and above 100 nm. In addition to size,

36、the complex interplay of parameters such as aspect ratio, core chemistry, agglomeration state, physical state, surface properties and others will influence biological and environmental interactions associated with nanostructured materials.Terminology development is proceeding at an intensive pace an

37、d needs to be responsive to the needs of stakeholders. As knowledge expands, a robust terminology will need to effectively convey not only the size and shape-based metrics of nanomaterials but also the performance-based/properties-based aspects of intentionally produced nano-objects and nanostructur

38、ed materials in their definitions.It will be an on-going challenge to communicate complex concepts in definitions in a manner that is meaningful and practical for stakeholders in research, commercial applications, government and consumer communities. It is emphasized that the definition of “nanoscal

39、e” in the ISO/TS 80004 vocabulary series is a general descriptor serving to facilitate communication concerning nanotechnologies.The development of core terms and their definitions has benefited from discussion over time concerning scientific, regulatory and consumer usage. The science is still emer

40、ging, as is the capacity to measure vi ISO 2015 All rights reservedPD CEN ISO/TS 80004-1:2015ISO/TS 80004-1:2015(E)and characterize nanomaterials, or more generally matter in the nanoscale. Care needs to be taken to ensure the latest scientific information is incorporated into the terminology as it

41、becomes available. Since the inception of ISO/TC 229 and IEC/TC 113, nanotechnology has evolved and continues to evolve. It is important to acknowledge that the associated terms and their definitions will likewise follow an evolutionary path.Many of the definitions in this part of ISO/TS 80004 are d

42、etermined to be in harmony with a framework and hierarchical system of terminology for nanotechnologies. Furthermore, it is also important to recognize that articles fabricated to contain nanomaterials are not necessarily nanomaterials themselves.Figure 1 illustrates the relationships between “nanom

43、aterial”, “nano-object” and “nanostructured material” (2.7). However, this hierarchy is not intended to exclude the possibility for a nano-object to have internal or surface nanostructure. This figure should therefore be considered as schematic or idealized.Figure 1 Nanomaterial framework ISO 2015 A

44、ll rights reserved viiPD CEN ISO/TS 80004-1:2015PD CEN ISO/TS 80004-1:2015Nanotechnologies Vocabulary Part 1: Core terms1 ScopeThis part of ISO/TS 80004 lists terms and definitions related to core terms in the field of nanotechnologies. It is intended to facilitate communications between organizatio

45、ns and individuals in industry and those who interact with them.2 Terms and definitions2.1nanoscalelength range approximately from 1 nm to 100 nmNote 1 to entry: Properties that are not extrapolations from larger sizes are predominantly exhibited in this length range.2.2nanosciencestudy, discovery a

46、nd understanding of matter where size- and structure-dependent properties and phenomena manifest, predominantly in the nanoscale (2.1), distinct from those associated with individual atoms or molecules, or extrapolation from larger sizes of the same material2.3nanotechnologyapplication of scientific

47、 knowledge to manipulate and control matter predominantly in the nanoscale (2.1) to make use of size- and structure-dependent properties and phenomena distinct from those associated with individual atoms or molecules, or extrapolation from larger sizes of the same materialNote 1 to entry: Manipulati

48、on and control includes material synthesis.2.4nanomaterialmaterial with any external dimension in the nanoscale (2.1) or having internal structure or surface structure in the nanoscaleNote 1 to entry: This generic term is inclusive of nano-object (2.5) and nanostructured material (2.7).Note 2 to ent

49、ry: See also definitions 2.8 to 2.10.2.5nano-objectdiscrete piece of material with one, two or three external dimensions in the nanoscale (2.1)Note 1 to entry: The second and third external dimensions are orthogonal to the first dimension and to each other.2.6nanostructurecomposition of inter-related constituent parts in which one or more of those parts is a nanoscale (2.1) regionNote 1 to entry: A region is defined by a boundary representing a discontinuity in properties.TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 80004-1:2015(E) ISO 2015 All rights