EN ISO 7730-2005 en Ergonomics of the thermal environment - Analytical determination and interpretation of thermal comfort using calculation of the PMV and PPD indices and local th.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN ISO 7730:2005Ergonomics of the thermal environment Analytical determination and interpretation of thermal comfort using calculation of the PMV and PPD indices and local thermal comfort criteriaThe European Standard EN ISO 7730:2005 has the status of a British StandardICS 13.180

2、g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN ISO 7730:2005This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy a

3、nd Strategy Committee on 19 January 2006 BSI 19 January 2006ISBN 0 580 47207 8National forewordThis British Standard is the official English language version of EN ISO 7730:2005. It is identical with ISO 7730:2005. It supersedes BS EN ISO 7730:1995 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its prep

4、aration was entrusted by Technical Committee PH/9, Applied ergonomics, to Subcommittee PH/9/1, Thermal environments, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary.Cross-referencesThe British Standards which imple

5、ment international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online.This publication does

6、 not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European

7、 committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK.Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN ISO title page, the EN I

8、SO foreword page, the ISO title page, pages ii to v, a blank page, pages 1 to 52, an inside back cover and a back cover.The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EURO

9、PENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 7730November 2005ICS 13.180 Supersedes EN ISO 7730:1995 English VersionErgonomics of the thermal environment - Analyticaldetermination and interpretation of thermal comfort usingcalculation of the PMV and PPD indices and local thermalcomfort criteria (ISO 7730:2005)Ergonom

10、ie des ambiances thermiques - Dterminationanalytique et interprtation du confort thermique par lecalcul des indices PMV et PPD et par des critres deconfort thermique local (ISO 7730:2005)Ergonomie der thermischen Umgebung - AnalytischeBestimmung und Interpretation der thermischenBehaglichkeit durch

11、Berechnung des PMV- und des PPD-Indexes und Kriterien der lokalen thermischenBehaglichkeit (ISO 7730:2005)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 October 2005.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanSta

12、ndard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French,

13、German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, De

14、nmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPIS

15、CHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 7730:2005: EForeword This document (EN ISO 7730:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO

16、/TC 159 “Ergonomics“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics“, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2006, and confl

17、icting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2006. This document supersedes EN ISO 7730:1995. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cypru

18、s, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 7730:2005 has be

19、en approved by CEN as EN ISO 7730:2005 without any modifications. EN ISO 7730:2005Reference numberISO 7730:2005(E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO7730Third edition2005-11-15Ergonomics of the thermal environment Analytical determination and interpretation of thermal comfort using calculation of the PMV and

20、 PPD indices and local thermal comfort criteriaErgonomie des ambiances thermiques Dtermination analytique et interprtation du confort thermique par le calcul des indices PMV et PPD et par des critres de confort thermique local EN ISO 7730:2005ii iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope .

21、1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Predicted mean vote (PMV) . 2 5 Predicted percentage dissatisfied (PPD) 4 6 Local thermal discomfort. 6 7 Acceptable thermal environments for comfort 10 8 Non-steady-state thermal environments 11 9 Long-term evaluation of the general thermal

22、comfort conditions. 11 10 Adaptation . 12 Annex A (informative) Examples of thermal comfort requirements for different categories of environment and types of space. 13 Annex B (informative) Metabolic rates of different activities. 18 Annex C (informative) Estimation of thermal insulation of clothing

23、 ensembles. 19 Annex D (normative) Computer program for calculating PMV and PPD 23 Annex E (normative) Tables for determination of predicted mean vote (PMV) . 26 Annex F (informative) Humidity 44 Annex G (informative) Air velocity 45 Annex H (informative) Long-term evaluation of the general thermal

24、comfort conditions 47 Bibliography . 49 EN ISO 7730:2005iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committ

25、ees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the Int

26、ernational Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International

27、Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the s

28、ubject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 7730 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 5, Ergonomics of the physical environment. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 77

29、30:1994), which has been technically revised. A method for long term evaluation has been added, as well as information on local thermal discomfort, non-steady-state conditions and adaptation, and an annex stating how thermal comfort requirements can be expressed in different categories. EN ISO 7730:

30、2005vIntroduction This International Standard covering the evaluation of moderate thermal environments was developed in parallel with the revised ASHRAE1)standard 55 and is one of a series of ISO documents specifying methods for the measurement and evaluation of the moderate and extreme thermal envi

31、ronments to which human beings are exposed (ISO 7243, ISO 7933 and ISO/TR 11079, all three dealing with extreme environmental conditions, are others in the series). A human beings thermal sensation is mainly related to the thermal balance of his or her body as a whole. This balance is influenced by

32、physical activity and clothing, as well as the environmental parameters: air temperature, mean radiant temperature, air velocity and air humidity. When these factors have been estimated or measured, the thermal sensation for the body as a whole can be predicted by calculating the predicted mean vote

33、 (PMV). See Clause 4. The predicted percentage dissatisfied (PPD) index provides information on thermal discomfort or thermal dissatisfaction by predicting the percentage of people likely to feel too warm or too cool in a given environment. The PPD can be obtained from the PMV. See Clause 5. Thermal

34、 discomfort can also be caused by unwanted local cooling or heating of the body. The most common local discomfort factors are radiant temperature asymmetry (cold or warm surfaces), draught (defined as a local cooling of the body caused by air movement), vertical air temperature difference, and cold

35、or warm floors. Clause 6 specifies how to predict the percentage dissatisfied owing to local discomfort parameters. Dissatisfaction can be caused by hot or cold discomfort for the body as a whole. Comfort limits can in this case be expressed by the PMV and PPD indices. But thermal dissatisfaction ca

36、n also be caused by local thermal discomfort parameters. Clause 7 deals with acceptable thermal environments for comfort. Clauses 6 and 7 are based mainly on steady-state conditions. Means of evaluating non-steady-state conditions such as transients (temperature steps), cycling temperatures or tempe

37、rature ramps are presented in Clause 8. The thermal environments in buildings or at workplaces will change over time and it might not always be possible to keep conditions within recommended limits. A method for long-term evaluation of thermal comfort is given in Clause 9. Clause 10 gives recommenda

38、tions on how to take into account the adaptation of people when evaluating and designing buildings and systems. 1) American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers. EN ISO 7730:2005blank1Ergonomics of the thermal environment Analytical determination and interpretation of the

39、rmal comfort using calculation of the PMV and PPD indices and local thermal comfort criteria 1 Scope This International Standard presents methods for predicting the general thermal sensation and degree of discomfort (thermal dissatisfaction) of people exposed to moderate thermal environments. It ena

40、bles the analytical determination and interpretation of thermal comfort using calculation of PMV (predicted mean vote) and PPD (predicted percentage of dissatisfied) and local thermal comfort criteria, giving the environmental conditions considered acceptable for general thermal comfort as well as t

41、hose representing local discomfort. It is applicable to healthy men and women exposed to indoor environments where thermal comfort is desirable, but where moderate deviations from thermal comfort occur, in the design of new environments or the assessment of existing ones. Although developed specific

42、ally for the work environment, it is applicable to other kinds of environment as well. It is intended to be used with reference to ISO/TS 14415:2005, 4.2, when considering persons with special requirements, such as those with physical disabilities. Ethnic, national or geographical differences need a

43、lso to be taken into account when considering non-conditioned spaces. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced d

44、ocument (including any amendments) applies. ISO 13731, Ergonomics of the thermal environment Vocabulary and symbols ISO/TS 13732-2, Ergonomics of the thermal environment Methods for the assessment of human responses to contact with surfaces Part 2: Human contact with surfaces at moderate temperature

45、 ISO/TS 14415:2005, Ergonomics of the thermal environment Application of International Standards to people with special requirements 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 13731 and the following apply. 3.1 temperature cycle variable tempera

46、ture with a given amplitude and frequency 3.2 drift temperature passive monotonic, steady, non-cyclic change in the operative temperature of an enclosed space EN ISO 7730:20052 3.3 ramp temperature actively controlled monotonic, steady, non-cyclic change in the operative temperature of an enclosed s

47、pace 3.4 operative temperature touniform temperature of an imaginary black enclosure in which an occupant would exchange the same amount of heat by radiation and convection as in the actual non-uniform environment 3.5 transient temperature sudden change in the thermal conditions due to step change i

48、n temperature, humidity, activity or clothing 3.6 draught unwanted local cooling of the body caused by air movement 4 Predicted mean vote (PMV) 4.1 Determination The PMV is an index that predicts the mean value of the votes of a large group of persons on the 7-point thermal sensation scale (see Tabl

49、e 1), based on the heat balance of the human body. Thermal balance is obtained when the internal heat production in the body is equal to the loss of heat to the environment. In a moderate environment, the human thermoregulatory system will automatically attempt to modify skin temperature and sweat secretion to maintain heat balance. Table 1 Seven-point thermal sensation scale + 3 Hot + 2 Warm + 1 Slightly warm 0 Neutral 1 Slightly cool 2 Cool 3 Cold EN ISO 7730:20053Calculate the PMV using Equations (1) to (4): 0,303 exp( 0,036 ) 0,028PMV M=+