DIN EN ISO 22476-12-2009 Geotechnical investigation and testing - Field testing - Part 12 Mechanical cone penetration test (CPTM) (ISO 22476-12 2009) English version of DIN EN ISO .pdf

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1、October 2009DEUTSCHE NORM English price group 14No part of this standard may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 93.020!$Z4N“1551743www

2、.din.deDDIN EN ISO 22476-12Geotechnical investigation and testing Field testing Part 12: Mechanical cone penetration test (CPTM) (ISO 22476-12:2009)English version of DIN EN ISO 22476-12:2009-10Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung Felduntersuchungen Teil 12: Drucksondierungen mit mechanischen Me

3、sswertaufnehmern(ISO 22476-12:2009)Englische Fassung DIN EN ISO 22476-12:2009-10www.beuth.deDocument comprises 29 pagesDIN EN ISO 22476-12:2009-10 2 National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 341 “Geotechnical investigation and testing” (Secretariat: ELOT, Greece

4、). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Bauwesen (Building and Civil Engineering Standards Committee), Technical Committee NA 005-05-09 AA Baugrund; Feldversuche (Sp CEN/TC 341/WG 2, WG 3, WG 5). The DIN Standards corresponding to the International Standard

5、s referred to in this document are as follows: ISO 8503 DIN EN ISO 8503 ISO 10012 DIN EN ISO 10012 ISO 14688-2 DIN EN ISO 14688-2 ISO 22475-1 DIN EN ISO 22475-1 ISO 22476-1 DIN EN ISO 22476-1 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN EN ISO 8503, Preparation of steel substrates before applica

6、tion of paints and related products Surface roughness characteristics of blast-cleaned steel substrates DIN EN ISO 10012, Measurement management systems Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment DIN EN ISO 14688-2, Geotechnical investigation and testing Identification and classi

7、fication of soil Part 2: Principles for a classification DIN EN ISO 22475-1, Geotechnical investigation and testing Sampling methods and groundwater measurements Part 1: Technical principles for execution DIN EN ISO 22476-1, Geotechnical investigation and testing Field testing Part 1: Electrical con

8、e and piezocone penetration tests EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 22476-12May 2009ICS 93.020English VersionGeotechnical investigation and testing - Field testing - Part 12:Mechanical cone penetration test (CPTM) (ISO 22476-12:2009)Reconnaissance et essais gotechniques - Essais

9、en place- Partie 12: Essai de pntration statique au cne pointemcanique (ISO 22476-12:2009)Geotechnische Erkundung und Untersuchung -Felduntersuchungen - Teil 12: Drucksondierungen mitmechanischen Messwertaufnehmern (ISO 22476-12:2009)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 April 2009.CEN me

10、mbers are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on applicati

11、on to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the

12、 same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,R

13、omania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedwo

14、rldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 22476-12:2009: EContents 2 DIN EN ISO 22476-12:2009-10 EN ISO 22476-12:2009 (E) Page Foreword .3 Introduction.4 1 Scope5 2 Normative references5 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms .6 3.1 Terms and definitions .6 3.2 Symbols and abbrev

15、iated terms 10 4 Equipment 10 4.1 Cone penetrometer load sensors 10 4.2 Tolerances10 4.3 Surface roughness11 4.4 Cone penetrometer11 4.5 Cone12 4.6 Friction sleeve .13 4.7 Push rods .15 4.8 Inner rods .15 4.9 Measuring system .15 4.10 Thrust machine16 5 Test procedures.16 5.1 Selection of type of co

16、ne penetrometer test 16 5.2 Selection of equipment and procedures.17 5.3 Position and level of thrust machine.19 5.4 Preparation.19 5.5 Pushing of the cone penetrometer19 5.6 Use of friction reducer 19 5.7 Frequency of logging parameters .19 5.8 Measurement of cone penetration force for discontinuou

17、s penetration testing19 5.9 Measurement of cone penetration force for continuous testing20 5.10 Measurement of sleeve friction force for discontinuous testing with M2 cone penetrometers20 5.11 Measurement of total penetration force for discontinuous testing .20 5.12 Measurement of total penetration

18、force for continuous testing (TM4)20 5.13 Measurement of the penetration length20 5.14 Test completion .20 5.15 Equipment checks and calibrations21 6 Test results 21 6.1 Measured parameters .21 6.2 Calculated parameters21 7 Reporting21 7.1 General .21 7.2 Reporting of test results.21 7.3 Presentatio

19、n of test results 24 Annex A (normative) Maintenance, checks and calibration.25 Bibliography27 Foreword This document (EN ISO 22476-12:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 341 “Geotechnical Investigation and Testing” the secretariat of which is held by ELOT, in collaboration with Th

20、is European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2009. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some o

21、f the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to impleme

22、nt this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland an

23、d the United Kingdom. Technical Committee ISO/TC 182 “Geotechnics”. 3 EN ISO 22476-12:2009 (E) DIN EN ISO 22476-12:2009-10 Introduction The mechanical cone penetration test (CPTM) consists of pushing a cone penetrometer, by means of a series of push rods, into the soil at a constant rate of penetrat

24、ion. During penetration, measurements of cone penetration resistance, total penetration resistance and/or sleeve friction can be recorded. The test results can be used for interpretation of stratification, classification of soil type and evaluation of geotechnical parameters. Cone resistance is the

25、term used in practice; however, cone penetration resistance is a more accurate description of the process, and is the term used in this part of ISO 22476. 4 DIN EN ISO 22476-12:2009-10 EN ISO 22476-12:2009 (E) 1 Scope This part of ISO 22476 specifies a mechanical cone penetration test (CPTM), includ

26、ing equipment requirements, execution and reporting. The results from such geotechnical testing are especially suited to the qualitative and/or quantitative determination of a soil profile together with direct investigations or as a relative comparison with other in situ tests. The results from a co

27、ne penetration test can in principle be used to evaluate stratification, soil type, and geotechnical parameters such as soil density, shear-strength parameters and deformation and consolidation characteristics. This part of ISO 22476 specifies the following features: type of cone penetration test (s

28、ee Table 1); application class (see Table 2); penetration length or penetration depth; elevation of the ground surface or underwater ground surface at the location of the cone penetration test with reference to a datum; location of the cone penetration test relative to a reproducible fixed location

29、reference point. NOTE The planning and evaluation of an investigation programme and the application of its results to design are covered by EN 1997-1 and EN 1997-2. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references,

30、 only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 8503 (all parts), Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products Surface roughness characteristics of blast-cleaned steel

31、substrates ISO 10012:2003, Measurement management systems Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment 5 EN ISO 22476-12:2009 (E) DIN EN ISO 22476-12:2009-10 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms For the purposes of this document, the following terms, definitions, sym

32、bols and abbreviated terms apply. 3.1 Terms and definitions 3.1.1 average surface roughness Raaverage deviation between the real surface of the probe and a medium reference plane placed along the surface of the probe 3.1.2 cone conically shaped bottom part of the cone penetrometer NOTE When the pene

33、trometer is pushed into the ground, the cone penetration resistance is transferred through the cone by inner rods to the measuring device at ground level. 3.1.3 cone penetration test CPT pushing of a cone penetrometer at the end of a series of cylindrical push rods into the ground at a constant rate

34、 of penetration 3.1.3.1 electrical CPT CPTU cone penetration test in which forces are measured electrically in the cone penetrometer NOTE Electrical CPT and piezocone (CPTU) tests are to form the subject of a future part 1 of ISO 22476. 3.1.3.2 mechanical CPT CPTM CPT where forces are measured mecha

35、nically or electrically at ground level 3.1.4 cone penetrometer assembly containing cone, friction sleeve (optional), connection to the push rods and measuring devices for the determination of the cone penetration resistance and, if applicable, the total resistance and/or local side friction 3.1.5 c

36、one penetration resistance cone resistance resistance to the penetration of the cone 3.1.6 continuous penetration testing test method in which cone penetration resistance is measured while cone and push rods are moving continuously until stopped for the addition of a push rod 3.1.7 discontinuous pen

37、etration testing test method in which cone penetration resistance and, optionally, sleeve friction are measured during a penetration stop of the push rods 6 DIN EN ISO 22476-12:2009-10 EN ISO 22476-12:2009 (E) 3.1.8 force acting on the friction sleeve Fsforce that will be obtained by subtracting the

38、 measured force on the cone from the measured force on the cone and friction sleeve 3.1.9 friction ratio Rfratio of sleeve friction to cone penetration resistance measured at the same depth, expressed as a percentage: sfc100 %fRq= NOTE In some cases the inverse of the friction ratio, called the fric

39、tion index, is used. 3.1.10 friction reducer local and symmetrical enlargement of the diameter of a push rod to reduce the friction along the push rods 3.1.11 friction sleeve section of the cone penetrometer where sleeve friction is determined 3.1.12 inner rods solid rods sliding inside the push rod

40、s and transferring the forces from the cone and, optionally, the friction sleeve, to the measuring system 3.1.13 measured cone penetration resistance qcdivision of the measured force , Qc, on the cone by the cross-sectional area, Ac: cccQqA= NOTE The measured cone penetration resistance obtained fro

41、m a mechanical CPT can differ from that obtained from an electrical CPT. 3.1.14 measured sleeve friction fsforce , Fs, acting on the friction sleeve divided by the area of the sleeve, As: sssFfA= NOTE The measured sleeve friction obtained from a mechanical CPT test can be different from the value ob

42、tained from an electrical CPT test. 3.1.15 measured total penetration force Qtforce needed to push cone and rods together into the soil 7 EN ISO 22476-12:2009 (E) DIN EN ISO 22476-12:2009-10 3.1.16 measuring system all sensors and auxiliary parts used to transfer and/or store the signals generated d

43、uring the cone penetration test NOTE The force on the cone and, if applicable, the total penetration resistance and/or sleeve friction are measured with manometers or with electrical load sensors. 3.1.17 penetration depth z depth of the base of the cone, relative to a fixed horizontal plane See Figu

44、re 1. NOTE 1 It is expressed in metres. NOTE 2 With mechanical CPT, penetration depth cannot be determined, as there is no inclinometer measurement for depth correction. 3.1.18 penetration length l sum of the lengths of the push rods and the cone penetrometer, reduced by the height of the conical pa

45、rt, relative to a fixed horizontal plane See Figure 1. NOTE 1 It is expressed in metres. NOTE 2 The fixed horizontal plane usually corresponds with a horizontal plane through the ground surface at the location of the test. 3.1.19 push rod part of a string of rods for the transfer of forces to the co

46、ne penetrometer 3.1.20 thrust machine equipment that pushes the cone penetrometer and rods into the ground at a constant rate of penetration NOTE The required reaction for the thrust machine can be supplied by dead weights and/or soil anchors. 3.1.21 total side friction force Qstforce needed to over

47、come the side friction on the push rods, when these are pushed into the ground NOTE The total side friction force is obtained by subtracting the force on the cone (Qc) from the measured total penetration force (Qt): Qst= Qt Qc3.1.22 zero drift absolute difference between the zero readings of a measu

48、ring system at the start and after completion of a cone penetration test 8 DIN EN ISO 22476-12:2009-10 EN ISO 22476-12:2009 (E) 3.1.23 zero reading stable output of a measuring system when there is zero load on the sensor, i.e. the parameter to be measured has a value of zero, while any auxiliary po

49、wer supply required to operate the measuring system is switched on Key z penetration depth, m l penetration length, m aFixed horizontal plane. bBase of the conical part of the cone. Figure 1 Penetration length and depth 9 EN ISO 22476-12:2009 (E) DIN EN ISO 22476-12:2009-10 3.2 Symbols and abbreviated terms Accross-sectional projected area of cone mm2Ascross-sectional area of friction sleeve mm2dcdiameter of cylindrical upper part of cone mm d2diameter of friction sleeve mm Fsaxially measured force on friction sleeve kN fsmeasured sl