DIN EN 14531-2-2016 en 9939 Railway aplications - Methods for calculation of stopping and slowing distances and immobilisation braking - Part 2 Step by step calculations for train .pdf

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1、April 2016 English price group 16No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 45.060.01!%Q3“2469716www.din.deDIN

2、 EN 14531-2Railway applications Methods for calculation of stopping and slowing distances and immobiliation braking Part 2: Step by step calculations for train sets or single vehicles;English version EN 14531-2:2015,English translation of DIN EN 14531-2:2016-04Bahnanwendungen Verfahren zur Berechnun

3、g der Anhalte- und Verzgerungsbremswege und der Feststellbremsung Teil 2: Schrittweise Berechnungen fr Zugverbnde oder Einzelfahrzeuge;Englische Fassung EN 14531-2:2015,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN 14531-2:2016-04Applications ferroviaires Mthodes de calcul des distances darrt, de ralentissement e

4、t dimmobilisation Partie 2: Calcul pas pas pour des compositions de trains ou vhicules isols;Version anglaise EN 14531-2:2015,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN 14531-2:2016-04SupersedesDIN EN 14531-6:2009-12www.beuth.deDTranslation by DIN-Sprachendienst.In case of doubt, the German-language original sha

5、ll be considered authoritative.Document comprises 34 pages 04.16z2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This document (EN 14531-2:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany). The responsible German body involved in

6、its preparation was DIN-Normenausschuss Fahrweg und Schienenfahrzeuge (DIN Standards Committee Railway), Working Committee NA 087-00-03 AA Bremse. This standard is based on the English reference version. Amendments This standard differs from DIN EN 14531-6:2009-12 as follows: a) the foreword has bee

7、n modified in line with the incorporation of the planned Parts 2 to 5 and the existing Part 6; b) Clause 2 “Normative references” has been updated; c) Clauses 3, 4, 5 and 6 have been revised and the contents of the planned Parts 2 to 5 and of the existing Part 6 have been incorporated; d) Annexes A

8、and B have been revised; e) Annexes C and D have been dropped; f) the standard has been editorially revised. Previous editions DIN EN 14531-6: 2009-12 DIN EN 14531-2:2016-04 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 14531-2 December 2015 ICS 45.060.01 Supersedes EN 14531-6:2009English Ver

9、sion Railway applications - Methods for calculation of stopping and slowing distances and immobilization braking - Part 2: Step by step calculations for train sets or single vehicles Applications ferroviaires - Mthodes de calcul des distances darrt, de ralentissement et dimmobilisation - Partie 2 :

10、Calcul pas pas pour des compositions de trains ou vhicules isols Bahnanwendungen - Verfahren zur Berechnung der Anhalte- und Verzgerungsbremswege und der Feststellbremsung - Teil 2: Schrittweise Berechnungen fr Zugverbnde oder Einzelfahrzeuge This European Standard was approved by CEN on 27 June 201

11、5. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained o

12、n application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENE

13、LEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Ital

14、y, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey andUnited Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenu

15、e Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14531-2:2015 EEN 14531-2:2015 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 4 Introduction 5 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms, definitions, symbo

16、ls and indices 6 3.1 Terms and definitions . 6 3.2 Symbols and indices . 6 4 General algorithm to conduct a step-by-step calculation . 8 5 Stopping and slowing distances calculation 8 5.1 Accuracy of input values . 8 5.2 General characteristics . 9 5.2.1 General 9 5.2.2 Train resistance . 9 5.3 Brak

17、e equipment type characteristics 9 5.3.1 General 9 5.3.2 Characteristics of friction brake equipment types . 9 5.3.3 Characteristics of the other brake equipment types . 10 5.3.4 Time characteristics of each brake equipment type . 10 5.3.5 Blending concept 10 5.4 Initial and operating characteristic

18、s . 10 5.4.1 Mean gradient of the track 10 5.4.2 Initial speed 10 5.4.3 Available coefficient of adhesion 10 5.4.4 Level of the brake demand . 10 5.4.5 Quantity of each brake equipment type available . 10 5.4.6 Calculation in degraded conditions . 11 5.5 Sharing, proportioning of the brake forces ac

19、hieved forces . 11 5.6 Total retarding force at train level 11 5.7 Time step calculation 11 5.7.1 General . 11 5.7.2 Time integration . 12 5.8 Time calculations . 13 5.8.1 Slowing time (t). 13 5.8.2 Stopping time (t) . 13 5.8.3 Resultant equivalent response time based on distance (te) . 13 5.9 Dista

20、nce calculations 14 5.9.1 General . 14 5.9.2 Slowing distance (s) 14 5.9.3 Stopping distance (s) 14 5.9.4 Equivalent free run distance (s0) 14 5.10 Deceleration calculations 14 5.10.1 General . 14 5.10.2 Decelerations supplied by each braking force (aj) 14 5.10.3 Equivalent (mean) deceleration (ae)

21、based on distance 15 5.11 Other calculations 15 DIN EN 14531-2:2016-04 EN 14531-2:2015 (E) 3 5.11.1 Brake energy 15 5.11.2 Required adhesion value for each axle (req,ax) 16 5.11.3 Maximum braking power of each brake equipment type 16 6 Immobilization brake calculation 16 Annex A (normative) Workflow

22、 of kinetic calculations . 17 Annex B (informative) Example of distance and other dynamic calculations . 19 B.1 General . 19 B.1.1 Example train formation 19 B.1.2 Vehicle and train characteristics 20 B.1.2.1 Train mass . 20 B.1.2.2 Train resistance 20 B.1.3 Brake equipment type characteristics 20 B

23、.1.3.1 Electrodynamic brake (depending on adhesion) 20 B.1.3.1.1 Input values 20 B.1.3.1.2 Time characteristic of the electrodynamic brake 20 B.1.3.2 Disc brake (depending on adhesion). 21 B.1.3.2.1 Input values 21 B.1.3.2.2 Time characteristic of the disc brakes 21 B.1.3.2.3 Speed characteristic of

24、 the disc brakes (f(v) 22 B.1.4 Blending concept 22 B.1.5 Initial and operating characteristics . 22 B.1.5.1 Gradient . 22 B.1.5.2 Initial speed 22 B.1.5.3 Quantity of each brake equipment type available 22 B.1.6 Wheel data. 23 B.2 Calculation results 23 B.2.1 Braking force of single brake equipment

25、 type related to the entity 23 B.2.2 Total braking force per braking equipment type and train resistance 24 B.2.3 Stopping distance . 25 B.2.4 Stopping time . 26 B.2.5 Resultant equivalent response time 26 B.2.6 Equivalent (mean) deceleration based on distance . 26 B.2.7 Decelerations . 26 B.2.8 Req

26、uired adhesion . 27 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC 29 Bibliography . 32 DIN EN 14531-2:2016-04 EN 14531-2:2015 (E) 4 European foreword This document (EN 14531-2:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committe

27、e CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at th

28、e latest by June 2016. This document supersedes EN 14531-6:2009. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC. For relationship with EU Directive 2008/57

29、/EC, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. This series of European standards EN 14531, Railway applications Methods for calculation of stopping and slowing distances and immobilization braking consists of: Part 1: General algorithms utilizing mean value calculation fo

30、r train sets or single vehicles; Part 2: Step-by-step calculations for train sets or single vehicles. The two parts are interrelated and should be considered together when conducting the step-by-step calculation of stopping and slowing distances. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of th

31、e elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement t

32、his European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slova

33、kia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. DIN EN 14531-2:2016-04 EN 14531-2:2015 (E) 5 Introduction This European Standard describes a common calculation method for railway applications. It describes the general algorithms utilizing step by step calculation for use in

34、 the design and validation of brake equipment and braking performance for all types of train sets and single vehicles. In addition, the algorithms provide a means of comparing the results of other braking performance calculation methods. The EN 14531 series was originally planned to have six parts c

35、overing the calculation methodology to be used when conducting calculations relating to the braking performance of various types of railway vehicles under the heading EN 14531, Railway applications Methods for calculation of stopping, slowing distances and immobilization braking. The six parts were

36、as follows: Part 1: General algorithms Part 2: Application to single freight wagon Part 3: Application to mass transit (LRVs and D- and E- MUs) Part 4: Application to single passengers coach Part 5: Application to locomotive Part 6: Application to high speed trains EN 14531-1 was originally publishe

37、d in 2005 followed by EN 14531-6 which was published in 2009. Following the publication of these parts, it was decided that a common methodology could be used for parts 2 to 5 and this should be contained under a revised version of Part 1 and Part 6 with a title of Railway applications Methods for c

38、alculation of stopping and slowing distances and immobilisation braking Part 2: Step by step calculations for train sets or single vehicles . EN 14531-1:2005 and EN 14531-6:2009 are referenced in the current TSIs (Freight wagons and Locomotive and passenger RST). The tables of the Annex ZA give the

39、equivalence of the TSI referenced clauses of the original EN 14531 series to the clauses of this issue of EN 14531-1 and EN 14531-2. DIN EN 14531-2:2016-04 EN 14531-2:2015 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard describes the step-by-step method for the calculation of brake performance utilizing time s

40、tep integration which may be used for all types of train sets, units or single vehicles, including high-speed, locomotive and passenger coaches, conventional vehicles and wagons. This European Standard does not specify the performance requirements. It enables the calculation of the various aspects o

41、f the performance: stopping or slowing distances, adhesion requirements, force calculations, etc. This European Standard enables the verification by calculation of the stopping and slowing performance for high-speed and conventional trains operating on high-speed and conventional infrastructure. It

42、may also be used for the detailed investigation of stopping or slowing performance at any design/verification stage. The proposed method of this standard is based on a numerical time integration algorithm. The standard explains a simple numerical integration scheme in order to provide a useful strai

43、ghtforward example of the proposed method. Other numerical time integration algorithms exist, especially more accurate ones, but they are not in the scope of this standard. When such methods are used the order of accuracy that they achieve has to be in accordance with this European Standard. This Eu

44、ropean Standard also includes examples of distance and other dynamic calculations, see Annex B. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited app

45、lies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 14067-4, Railway applications - Aerodynamics - Part 4: Requirements and test procedures for aerodynamics on open track EN 14478, Railway applications - Braking - Generic vocabulary EN 1

46、4531-1, Railway applications - Methods for calculation of stopping and slowing distances and immobilization braking - Part 1: General algorithms utilizing mean value calculation for train sets or single vehicles 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and indices 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of

47、this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 14478 and EN 14531-1 and the following apply. 3.1.1 step-by-step calculation numerical method with finite time steps 3.2 Symbols and indices For the purposes of this document, the general symbols given in Table 1 and indices given in Table 2 apply

48、. DIN EN 14531-2:2016-04 EN 14531-2:2015 (E) 7 Table 1 Symbols Symbol Definition Unit A Area m2a Deceleration m/s2D Wheel diameter m F Force N FBBraking force N Acceptable deviation from vfinused to stop the time step calculation m/s gnStandard acceleration of free fall = 9,806 65 m/s2(refer to ISO

49、80000-3) m/s2i Gradient (rising gradient is positive; e.g. for a gradient of 5 , i = 0,005) - iCCylinder/unit ratio - irigRigging ratio - itraTransmission ratio - m Mass kg n Quantity - p Pressure Pa P Power of brake equipment W r Radius m s Distance m t Time s WbEnergy dissipated by brake equipment J Coefficient of adhesion - Coefficient of friction (brake pad or block) - Efficiency - DIN EN 14531-2:2016-04 EN 14531-2:2015 (E) 8 Table 2 General indices Indices Term axAxle a Available B Brake/braking BED El