DIN EN 14531-1-2016 en 4646 Railway applications - Methods for calculation of stopping and slowing distances and immobilization braking - Part 1 General algorithms utilizing mean v.pdf

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1、May 2016 English price group 27No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 45.060.01!%UV“2505159www.din.deDIN E

2、N 14531-1Railway applications Methods for calculation of stopping and slowing distances and immobilization braking Part 1: General algorithms utilizing mean value calculation for train sets or single vehicles;English version EN 14531-1:2015,English translation of DIN EN 14531-1:2016-05Bahnanwendunge

3、n Verfahren zur Berechnung der Anhalte- und Verzgerungsbremswege und der Feststellbremsung Teil 1: Allgemeine Algorithmen fr Einzelfahrzeuge und Fahrzeugverbnde unter Bercksichtigung von Durchschnittswerten;Englische Fassung EN 14531-1:2015,Englische bersetzung von DIN EN 14531-1:2016-05Applications

4、 ferroviaires Mthodes de calcul des distances darrt, de ralentissement et dimmobilisation Partie 1: Algorithmes gnraux utilisant le calcul par la valeur moyenne pour des rames ou des vhicules isols;Version anglaise EN 14531-1:2015,Traduction anglaise de DIN EN 14531-1:2016-05SupersedesDIN EN 14531-1

5、:2005-10www.beuth.deDTranslation by DIN-Sprachendienst.In case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.Document comprises 84 pages 05.16 2 A comma is used as the decimal marker. National foreword This document (EN 14351-1:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committe

6、e CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications” (Secretariat: DIN, Germany). The responsible German body involved in its preparation was DIN-Normenausschuss Fahrweg und Schienenfahrzeuge (DIN Standards Committee Railway), Working Committee NA 087-00-03 AA Bremse. This standard is based on the English reference

7、version. Amendments This standard differs from DIN EN 14531-1:2005-10 as follows: a) normative references have been updated; b) the six parts of the standard have been reduced to two parts and the contents have been restructured and revised accordingly. Previous editions DIN EN 14531-1: 2005-10 DIN

8、EN 14531-1:2016-05EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 14531-1 December 2015 ICS 45.060.01 Supersedes EN 14531-1:2005English Version Railway applications - Methods for calculation of stopping and slowing distances and immobilization braking - Part 1: General algorithms utilizing mean

9、 value calculation for train sets or single vehicles Applications ferroviaires - Mthodes de calcul des distances darrt, de ralentissement et dimmobilisation - Partie 1 : Algorithmes gnraux utilisant le calcul par la valeur moyenne pour des rames ou des vhicules isols Bahnanwendungen - Verfahren zur

10、Berechnung der Anhalte- und Verzgerungsbremswege und der Feststellbremsung - Teil 1: Allgemeine Algorithmen fr Einzelfahrzeuge und Fahrzeugverbnde unter Bercksichtigung von Durchschnittswerten This European Standard was approved by CEN on 27 June 2015. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CE

11、NELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre

12、 or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the o

13、fficial versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlan

14、ds, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey andUnited Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights o

15、f exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14531-1:2015 EEN 14531-1:2015 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 4 Introduction 4 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 6 3.1 Terms and definitions . 6 3.

16、2 Symbols and indices . 8 4 Stopping and slowing distances calculation . 11 4.1 General . 11 4.2 Accuracy of input values 11 4.3 General characteristics 11 4.3.1 Train formation 11 4.3.2 Characteristics of a train . 12 4.4 Brake equipment type characteristics . 14 4.4.1 General . 14 4.4.2 Tread brak

17、ing 15 4.4.3 Disc braking . 15 4.4.4 Forces of friction brake (tread brake) equipment . 16 4.4.5 Forces of friction brake (disc brake) equipment 21 4.4.6 Mean dynamic coefficient of friction (mm ) tread and disc brakes . 25 4.4.7 Brake forces of other brake equipment types . 25 4.4.8 Time characteri

18、stics 34 4.4.9 Blending concept 37 4.4.10 Sharing, proportioning of the brake forces - achieved forces 38 4.5 Initial and operating characteristics . 38 4.5.1 Gradient of the track . 38 4.5.2 Initial speed 39 4.5.3 Coefficient of adhesion . 39 4.5.4 Level of the brake demand . 40 4.5.5 Quantity of e

19、ach brake equipment type available . 40 4.5.6 Calculation in degraded conditions . 40 4.6 Total decelerating force at train level 40 4.7 External forces 41 4.7.1 Gradient . 41 4.7.2 Wind force on the train 41 4.7.3 Train resistance 41 4.8 Stopping and slowing distance calculation based on mean value

20、s 42 4.8.1 General . 42 4.8.2 Mean braking force with respect to the distance . 42 4.8.3 Equivalent deceleration (ae) based on mean forces . 42 4.8.4 Mean decelerations supplied by each braking force (ia ) . 43 4.8.5 Equivalent free run distance (s0) . 43 4.8.6 Stopping and slowing distance on level

21、 track (s) . 44 4.8.7 Stopping and slowing distance on a gradient (sgrad) . 44 DIN EN 14531-1:2016-05 EN 14531-1:2015(E)3 4.8.8 Other specific formulae for the calculation of stopping distance . 45 4.9 Supplementary dynamic calculations . 45 4.9.1 General . 45 4.9.2 Mass to be braked (mB) 46 4.9.3 B

22、raking energy 46 4.9.4 Maximum braking power of each brake equipment type 48 4.9.5 Maximum specific power flux for each type of friction brake 48 4.10 Specific expressions of braking performance 49 4.10.1 General . 49 4.10.2 Braked weight percentage () 49 4.10.3 Braked weight 49 4.10.4 Braking ratio

23、 49 4.10.5 Equivalent brake force . 49 5 Immobilization brake calculation 49 5.1 General . 49 5.2 General characteristics . 49 5.3 Static coefficient of friction . 50 5.4 Train and operating characteristics 50 5.5 Immobilization force provided by equipment type . 50 5.5.1 General . 50 5.5.2 Force of

24、 a screw hand brake (Tread brake) 51 5.5.3 Force of a screw hand brake (Disc brake) . 51 5.5.4 Force of a tread brake unit 51 5.5.5 Force of a disc brake unit arrangement . 52 5.5.6 Force of a permanent magnetic track brake . 52 5.6 Immobilization force for each axle. 53 5.7 Total immobilization for

25、ce per train . 53 5.8 Immobilization safety factor 54 5.9 Coefficient of adhesion required by each braked axle 54 5.10 Maximum achievable gradient 55 Annex A (informative) Workflow of stopping and slowing distance calculation method . 56 Annex B (informative) Workflow of immobilization calculations

26、. 58 Annex C (informative) Brake equipment type example calculations . 59 Annex D (informative) Train stopping distance and immobilization brake calculation example 71 D.1 General . 71 D.2 Train stopping calculations 72 D.3 Train stopping calculations on a gradient . 74 D.4 Train immobilization (par

27、king) brake calculations 74 Annex E (informative) Development of the formula for the mean brake force with respect to the braking distance 76 Annex F (informative) Slowing or stopping distance calculation using alternative method of equivalent response time calculation as French Railway requirements

28、 in particular for trains operating in G position . 77 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC . 79 Bibliography . 82 DIN EN 14531-1:2016-05 EN 14531-1:2015 (E) 4 European foreword This document (EN 14531-1:2015) ha

29、s been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2016, and conflicting nation

30、al standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2016. This document supersedes EN 14531-1:2005. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC. For r

31、elationship with EU Directive 2008/57/EC, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. This series of European standards EN 14531, Railway applications Methods for calculation of stopping and slowing distances and immobilization braking consists of: Part 1: General algorithm

32、s utilizing mean value calculation for train sets or single vehicles; Part 2: Step-by-step calculations for train sets or single vehicles. The two parts are interrelated and should be considered together when conducting the step-by-step calculation of stopping and slowing distances. Attention is dra

33、wn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the followi

34、ng countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Nor

35、way, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. DIN EN 14531-1:2016-05 EN 14531-1:2015 (E) 5 Introduction This European Standard describes a common calculation method for railway applications. It describes the general algorithms utilizin

36、g mean value calculation for use in the design and validation of brake equipment and braking performance for all types of train sets and single vehicles. In addition the algorithms provide a means of comparing the results of other braking performance calculation methods. EN 14531 was originally plan

37、ned to have six parts covering the calculation methodology to be used when conducting calculations relating to the braking performance of various types of railway vehicles under the heading EN 14531, Railway applications Methods for calculation of stopping, slowing distances and immobilization braki

38、ng. The six parts were as follows: Part 1: General algorithms Part 2: Application to single freight wagon Part 3: Application to mass transit (LRVs and D- and E- MUs) Part 4: Application to single passengers coach Part 5: Application to locomotive Part 6: Application to high speed trains EN 14531-1

39、was originally published in 2005 followed by EN 14531-6 which was published in 2009. Following the above it was decided that a common methodology could be used for Parts 2 to 5 and this should be contained under a revised version of Part 1 with a title of Railway applications Methods for calculation

40、 of stopping and slowing distances and immobilisation braking Part 1: General algorithms utilizing mean value calculation for train sets or single vehicles while revising Part 6 to be Part 2 with the title of Railway applications - Methods for calculation of stopping and slowing distances and immobi

41、lization braking - Part 2: Step by step calculations for train sets or single vehicles. EN 14531-1:2005 and EN 14531-6:2009 are referenced in the current technical specifications for interoperability (TSIs) (Freight wagons and locomotive and passenger rolling stock (RST). The tables of the Annex ZA

42、give the equivalence of the TSI referenced clauses of the original EN 14531 series to the clauses of this issue of EN 14531-1 and EN 14531-2. DIN EN 14531-1:2016-05EN 14531-1:2015 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard describes general algorithms for the brake performance calculations to be used for

43、all types of train sets, units or single vehicles, including high speed, locomotive and passenger coaches, conventional vehicles and wagons. This European Standard does not specify the performance requirements. It enables the estimation and/or comparison by calculation of the various aspects of the

44、performance: stopping or slowing distances, dissipated energy, power, force calculations and immobilization braking. If it is required to validate, verify or assess braking performance it is recommended that a more detailed calculation is performed in accordance with EN 14531-2, i.e. a step by step

45、calculation. This European Standard contains generic examples of the calculation of brake forces for individual brake equipment types and calculation of stopping distance and immobilization braking relevant to a train (see Annexes C and D). 2 Normative references The following referenced documents,

46、in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 14067-4, Railway applications

47、 - Aerodynamics - Part 4: Requirements and test procedures for aerodynamics on open track EN 14478, Railway applications - Braking - Generic vocabulary EN 14531-2, Railway applications Methods for calculation of stopping and slowing distances and immobilisation braking Part 2: Step by step calculati

48、ons for trains or single vehicles prEN 15328, Railway applications - Braking - Brake pads EN 16452, Railway applications Braking Brake blocks EN 15663, Railway applications - Definition of vehicle reference masses 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and indices 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purpose of

49、 this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 14478 and EN 14531-2 and the following apply. 3.1.1 static mass per axle mass measured by weighing at the wheel-rail interface, or estimated from design evaluation, of each axle in a stationary condition for each operating condition required 3.1.2 static mass of the train summation of all the static mass values per entity Note 1 to entry: E.g. per axle, for each operating condition