CSA Z94 3 1-2009 Selection use and care of protective eyewear.pdf

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1、Z94.3.1-09Selection, use, and care of protective eyewearLegal NoticeThis document is provided by the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) as a convenience only. Disclaimer and exclusion of liabilityThis document is provided without any representations, warranties, or conditions of any kind, express

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12、mmercial use only. If you do not agree with any of the terms and conditions contained in this Legal Notice, you may not use this document. Use of this document constitutes your acceptance of the terms and conditions of this Legal Notice.CSA Standards Update ServiceZ94.3.1-09February 2009Title: Selec

13、tion, use, and care of protective eyewearPagination: 22 pages (iii preliminary and 19 text), each dated February 2009To register for e-mail notification about any updates to this publicationgo to www.ShopCSA.caclick on E-mail Services under MY ACCOUNTclick on CSA Standards Update ServiceThe List ID

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15、 Standards AssociationA not-for-profit private sector organization5060 Spectrum Way, Suite 100, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L4W 5N61-800-463-6727 416-747-4044Visit our Online Store at www.ShopCSA.caZ94.3.1-09Selection, use, and care of protective eyewearCSA Special Publication100%ISBN 978-1-55491-0

16、68-7Technical Editor: D. Shanahan Canadian Standards Association 2009All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form whatsoever without the prior permission of the publisher.To purchase CSA Standards and related publications, visit CSAs Online Store at www.ShopCSA.ca o

17、r call toll-free 1-800-463-6727 or 416-747-4044.The Canadian Standards Association (CSA) prints its publications on Rolland Enviro100, which contains 100% recycled post-consumer fibre, is EcoLogo and Processed Chlorine Free certified, and was manufactured using biogas energy.February 2009 iiiContent

18、s Canadian Standards Association Selection, use, and care of protective eyewear1 Introduction 12 How the Eye Works 23 Safety versus Non-Safety Eyewear 34 How to Recognize CSA-compliant Protective Eyewear 45Contact Lenses 56 Laser Protective Eyewear 57 Lens Materials 78 Prescription Safety Eye Protec

19、tors 79Lens Colours 910 Coating Types Available 1111 Classification of Protective Eyewear 1212 Selection Guide 1413 Care and Maintenance 1614 Three Important Rules 1715 Summary 1816 References 19 Canadian Standards Association Selection, use, and care of protective eyewearFebruary 2009 1Z94.3.1-09Se

20、lection, use, and care of protective eyewear1 IntroductionA recent survey found that three out of five workers suffering eye injuries wore no eye protection. Half of those who did use safety eyewear wore the wrong type.To be effective, eye protection must be properly selected for the job and fitted

21、to the wearer.Note: CAN/CSA-Z94.3 requires that prescription safety eyewear be fitted by a qualified professional (e.g., a licensed ophthalmic practitioner).The first choice in preventing eye injuries is to design work procedures and equipment so that workers are not exposed to eye hazards. However,

22、 the total elimination of eye hazards from the workplace is often not possible, and other measures must be taken to control residual hazards so that they do not result in injuries to workers and others in the work zone. One such control measure is the wearing of personal protective equipment (such a

23、s protective eyewear). It is well recognized that the majority of eye injuries can be prevented by wearing appropriate protective eyewear and following basic safety rules.The purpose of this users guide is to provide advice for the proper selection of eye protection in relation to the specific hazar

24、dous activity involved; not all hazards have been identified in this guide.Any well-designed eye and face protection program should be part of an effective occupational health and safety management system. Specifications for such a management system can be found in CAN/CSA-Z1000, Occupational Health

25、 and Safety Management. This Standard is based on the PlanDoCheckAct model of safety management, and it lays out the basis for proper management of personal protective equipment as a necessary strategy for injury and illness prevention.Z94.3.1-09 Canadian Standards Association2 February 2009Notes: (

26、1) As a first step to selection of proper eye protection, a hazard assessment/risk analysis of the workplace should be done to identify the hazard type(s).(2) Refer to Section 11 of this user guide for hazards and recommended protectors.(3) Refer to provincial/federal occupational health and safety

27、legislation.2 How the Eye Works1. Light strikes an object in your field of vision and is REFLECTED to your eyes.2. Light passes through the CORNEA (transparent “front window” of the eye).3. The PUPIL (the opening at the centre of the coloured IRIS) changes size to allow the correct amount of light t

28、hrough.4. The CRYSTALLINE LENS focuses light rays onto the retina.5. The RETINA (rear inner lining of the eye that contains light-sensitive cells) converts light into electrical signals.654321 Canadian Standards Association Selection, use, and care of protective eyewearFebruary 2009 36. The OPTIC NE

29、RVE carries these signals to the brain, which combines the images from each eye into a single picture.3 Safety versus Non-Safety EyewearBE CAREFUL, NOT ALL EYEWEAR IS SAFETY EYEWEAR.There is a misconception that impact resistance implies compliance with the CSA Standard.Safety eyewear is covered in

30、CAN/CSA-Z94.3, Eye and Face Protectors. Conversely, non-safety “dress” frames fall under an ophthalmic standard that has no relationship to protective safety eyewear.Prescription Safety Eye ProtectorsUse of prescription safety eyewear is recommended practice for workers who require corrective lenses

31、 and are exposed to eye hazards on a regular basis.“Over-the-glasses” protectors (oversized protectors designed to be worn over non-safety spectacles) should only be used for workers and visitors who require protection occasionally (those not normally exposed to eye hazards).Z94.3.1-09 Canadian Stan

32、dards Association4 February 20094 How to Recognize CSA-compliant Protective EyewearNote: “Plano (Non-Prescription) Eye safe viewing occurs at all exposure levels.Class II Laser safety eyewear is not required. Visible light lasers and natural reflex motions of the eye protect against damaging levels.

33、Class IIIa or IIIb Laser safety eyewear should be worn.Can contact lenses be worn in a hazardous workplace environment?Be aware that contact lenses themselves do not provide eye protection in the industrial sense.In any environment where industrial eye protection is required, contact lenses should n

34、ot be worn, except under special medical circumstances (in consultation with a qualified medical professional). If individual medical circumstances require that contact lenses be worn in such environments, eye protection must also be used.Z94.3.1-09 Canadian Standards Association6 February 2009Class

35、 IV Laser safety eyewear must be worn for hazards from direct and scattered radiation.What to know about the laser:The type of laser safety eyewear correlates to the type of laser. For example, a carbon dioxide (CO2) laser requires CO2laser safety eyewear.A laser typically operates at only one wavel

36、ength; therefore, laser safety eyewear must correspond to this wavelength.The power of the laser determines the class of the laser and the required optical density for a “continuous wave” laser.If the laser is “pulsed”, you also need to know the energy pulse of the laser (joules), the pulse duration

37、 (seconds), and the rep rate (hertz).Factors to consider when choosing laser safety eyewear:The WAVELENGTH of the eye must correspond to the wavelength of the laser.O.D. (optical density) must be sufficient to reduce the laser beam below the maximum permissible exposure levels.The FACTOR OF TIME: if

38、 the filter is exposed to laser radiation, how long will the filter last?VLT (visual light transmission).COMFORT and FIT.How does laser safety eyewear work?ABSORPTION through the use of mineral glass or organic dyes.REFLECTION through the use of holograms or dielectric coatings. Canadian Standards A

39、ssociation Selection, use, and care of protective eyewearFebruary 2009 77 Lens Materials8 Prescription Safety Eye ProtectorsPrescription safety eyewear compliant with CAN/CSA-Z94.3 should be selected. These protectors incorporate lenses and frames that have been tested against the performance requir

40、ements in the Standard and have lenses that have been ground and assembled by a qualified dispensing laboratory.Prescription eyewear frames should be selected to ensure proper fit on the face of the wearer. CSA recommends that you consult a qualified professional in both the selection and the fittin

41、g of frames.Any modifications to safety eyewear frames (including side protection), in order to ensure proper fit, should be made by a qualified professional in a manner that results in optimal coverage for the wearer.Material PropertiesGlass High-density material resulting in heavy lensesLoses impa

42、ct resistance if scratchedDoes not meet the impact criteria in CAN/CSA-Z94.3Polycarbonate Most impact resistant of all lens materialsLenses are coated to provide scratch resistanceLightweightMost lenses have built-in UV radiation absorbing propertiesPlastic (CR39) Roughly one-half the weight of glas

43、sResistant to solvents and pittingTrivex More impact resistant than CR39 PlasticLess impact resistant than PolycarbonateUV radiation absorption propertiesZ94.3.1-09 Canadian Standards Association8 February 2009The following combinations of spectacle lens materials, surface treatments, and minimum th

44、icknesses in mm are considered to meet the requirements for impact resistance for prescription lenses.Legend:Glass: Crown glass that has been either chemically hardened or heat treated.SRC: Scratch Resistant CoatingARC: Anti-Reflective CoatingTint: Any color of tint, including solid or gradient BUT

45、NOT including pre-tinted (through and through) materials. Pre-tinted materials fall under material type.N/A: Not applicable due to the inability of the material type to meet the minimum impact requirements, regardless of minimum thickness.: Not available in this form.MaterialSRC CoatedARCSRC and ARC

46、Tints Solid/Gradient1 Side 2 SidesGlass N/A N/ACR39 3.0 3.0 N/A N/A 3.0Polycarbonate 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0Trivex 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5PhotochromicGlass N/A N/ACR39 3.0 3.0 N/A N/A 3.0Polycarbonate 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0PolarizedGlass N/A N/ACR39 3.0 3.0 N/A N/A 3.0Polycarbonate 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Canadian Standards Assoc

47、iation Selection, use, and care of protective eyewearFebruary 2009 99 Lens ColoursDo not be fooled by the colour of the lensesNote: A risk analysis/hazard assessment, identifying the type of exposure, is necessary in order to determine the type of protective lens required.Lens Colour PropertiesAppli

48、cations andLimitationsClear Optically clear Good for low light conditionsFor impact protection onlyMay offer UV protectionTinted Tinted lenses come in a wide variety of coloursTinted lenses can come tinted from the manufacturer or the tint may be appliedTinted lenses reduce light transmission but do

49、 not contain any other absorbing propertiesOutdoor use for glare (e.g., sunglasses)Reduce light transmission but have no other absorbing propertiesAmber lenses may enhance contrast in low lightMay distort perception of colours (e.g., traffic signals)Photochromic These lenses darken when exposed to sunlight and lighten when indoorsOutdoor use for glareMay not lighten fast enough for quick transition from light to dark environmentsPolarized Lenses with polarization block “reflected” glareOutdoor use for reflected glare