BS ISO 18400-101-2017 Soil quality Sampling Framework for the preparation and application of a sampling plan《土壤质量 取样 取样计划的编制和应用框架》.pdf

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1、BS ISO 18400-101:2017Soil quality SamplingPart 101: Framework for the preparationand application of a sampling planBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS ISO 18400-101:2017 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of

2、 ISO 18400-101:2017. Together with BS ISO 18400-104 and BS ISO 18400-107:2017 it supersedes BS ISO 10381-1:2002 which will be withdrawn upon publication of all remaining parts of the BS ISO 18400 series.BS ISO 18400-101:2017 is intended to be used in conjunction with BS 10175:2011+A1:2013 and other

3、members of the BS ISO series of standards as appropriate. The UK committee notes that this standard covers a wide variety of situations in which investigations including sampling to determine soil quality might be carried out rather than being focused on potentially contaminated sites, as is the cas

4、e in BS 10175:2011+A1:2013.The committee also notes that the guidance refers only to the taking of samples of soils and that the overall plan for an investigation might need to extend to sampling of other media and to other site activities.It is considered by the UK committee that the guidance in th

5、is standard could also be useful for those having to prepare specifications and contract documents, descriptions of works that need to be undertaken for clients, and descriptions of the works to be carried out for consideration by regulators (e.g. to meet a requirement in a planning condition to agr

6、ee what is to be done by way of investigation with the Local Planning Authority).The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EH/4, Soil quality.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not

7、 purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 80924 8ICS 13.080.05Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal ob

8、ligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2017.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 18400-101:2017 ISO 2017Soil quality Sampling Part 101: Framework for the preparation and applicatio

9、n of a sampling planQualit du sol chantillonnage Partie 101: Cadre pour la prparation et lapplication dun plan dchantillonnageINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO18400-101First edition2017-01Reference numberISO 18400-101:2017(E)BS ISO 18400-101:2017ISO 18400-101:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT

10、PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without

11、prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO

12、18400-101:2017ISO 18400-101:2017(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 24 Preparation of a sampling plan . 24.1 Principle 24.2 Key elements of a sampling plan . 44.2.1 Quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) 44.2.2 Involved parties 44.2.3 Obj

13、ectives of the investigation programme 44.2.4 Investigation phase 54.2.5 Background information . 54.2.6 Identify constituents to be tested and test method to be applied . 64.2.7 Health and safety . 74.2.8 Defining the sampling approach 74.2.9 Identify sampling technique 85 Sampling 95.1 Taking the

14、samples 95.2 Delivery . 96 Reporting .106.1 Documenting the sampling plan . 106.2 Sampling record and report 10Annex A (informative) Checklist for the items to be addressed in a sampling plan 11Bibliography .13 ISO 2017 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 18400-101:2017ISO 18400-101:2017(E)Fo

15、rewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a tech

16、nical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

17、 electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document

18、was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such

19、 patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and do

20、es not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www

21、.iso .org/ iso/ foreword .htmlThis document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190, Soil Quality, Subcommittee SC 2, Sampling.This first edition of ISO 18400-101, together with ISO 18400-104 and ISO 18400-107, cancels and replaces ISO 10381-1:2002, which has been technically and structurally

22、 revised. The ISO 18400 series is based on a modular structure and cannot be compared to ISO 10381-1 clause by clause.A list of all parts in the ISO 18400 series can be found on the ISO website.iv ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS ISO 18400-101:2017ISO 18400-101:2017(E)IntroductionThe characterization

23、of soils and soil materials within the scope of this document, in terms of their potential environmental impact, or suitability for a particular use, requires a variety of tests to be performed. These tests may relate to the chemical, physical and biological properties of the soil or soil material.

24、Validity of these tests requires performance on a representative sample or a number of representative samples.The potential scope of an investigation programme can be complex; the process flowchart in Figure 1 defines seven key elements that make up the essential elements of the investigation progra

25、mme. The principles outlined in this document provide a framework that can be used to design and develop a sampling plan, which is the first of the seven key elements. Other International Standards provide detailed instructions on how to complete the remaining key elements.Before any investigation p

26、rogramme is devised, it is important that the objectives be first established since they are the major determining factors for the actual sampling, e.g. the position, density and depth of sampling points, time of sampling, sampling procedures, the acceptable levels of sampling uncertainty and the su

27、bsequent treatment of samples and analytical requirements. The details of an investigation programme depend on whether the information needed is the average value, the distribution, or the variability of given soil parameters.The degree of detail and measurement uncertainty required and also to the

28、manner in which the results are to be expressed and presented, for example, concentration of constituents, maximum and minimum values, arithmetic means, median values, etc. needs some considerations. Additionally, it is advisable to compile a list of constituents of interest and the relevant analyti

29、cal procedures consulted, since these will usually give guidance on precautions to be observed during sampling and subsequent handling of soil samples. The investigation programme design often involves iterative discussion between the involved parties.Given that complexity, a sampling plan is define

30、d by the specific objectives of the investigation programme and how those objectives can be practically achieved with reference specifically to the sampling activities for the situation under investigation. The sampling plan provides simple and unambiguous instructions for the sampler, and as a cons

31、equence sampling is to be performed only when an approved sampling plan is available.A large variety of sampling objectives exist, including the following: sampling of ex-situ soil (e.g. soil stockpiles) in order to estimate the (average) concentration of constituents in a specified quantity of soil

32、 material; sampling of agricultural, natural and near natural soils in the landscape in order to estimate the (average) concentration of constituents over a specified soil area and depth; sampling to determine chemical, physical or biological characteristics of the soil material; sampling of (potent

33、ially) contaminated sites in order to characterize and delineate the contamination and to estimate the risks for human health and the environment.ISO 18400-1041)requires that a preliminary (phase 1) investigation comprising a desk study and a site reconnaissance is carried out before any sampling or

34、 other intrusive activities are carried out. The extent of the preliminary investigation will depend on the objectives of the overall investigation and the on-site activities expected will be required (see ISO 18400-2021).It will often be necessary to carry out an exploratory (phase 2) investigation

35、 as described in ISO 18400-1041)before the final objectives for the detailed (phase 3) investigation can be defined.It is important to take into account all relevant data from previous investigation programmes at the same or similar locations and other information on local conditions. Previous perso

36、nal experience can 1) Under preparation. ISO 2017 All rights reserved vBS ISO 18400-101:2017ISO 18400-101:2017(E)also be very valuable. Time and money allocated to the design of a proper investigation programme is usually well justified because it ensures that the required information is obtained ef

37、ficiently and economically.In addition to the design and development of a sampling plan, this document deals with the actual sampling in accordance with that sampling plan and it deals with the development of the sampling report. A sampling plan shows details of all the information pertinent to a pa

38、rticular sampling exercise.The procedural elements that will be considered to complete key element 1 The preparation and application of a sampling plan are detailed in Figure 2. It is this process map that provides the basic framework for the practitioner developing a sampling plan to meet the requi

39、rements of any investigation programme. This document can be used to produce standardized sampling plans for use in more routine circumstances, incorporate the specific requirements of national legislation, and design and develop a sampling plan for use on a case-by-case basis.This document is part

40、of a series on sampling standards for soil. The role/position of the International Standards within the total investigation programme is shown in Figure 1.Essential information for the application of this document and reference to all International Standards belonging to the ISO 18400 series is prov

41、ided in ISO 18400-100. ISO 18400-100 will be updated on a regular basis as long as the International Standards of this series are under development.vi ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS ISO 18400-101:2017ISO 18400-101:2017(E)Figure 1 Links between the essential elements of an investigation programmeNOTE

42、 1 Numbers in circles define the key elements (1 to 7) of the investigation programme.NOTE 2 Figure 1 displays a generic process which can be amended when necessary. ISO 2017 All rights reserved viiBS ISO 18400-101:2017BS ISO 18400-101:2017Soil quality Sampling Part 101: Framework for the preparatio

43、n and application of a sampling plan1 ScopeThis document specifies the procedural elements to be taken in the preparation and application of a sampling plan. The sampling plan describes among other things what laboratory samples are to be taken, how they are to be taken and from where they are to be

44、 taken, in order that the objectives of the investigation programme can be achieved. The principles or basic rules outlined in this document provide a framework that can be used to produce standardized sampling plans for use in more regular or routine circumstances, incorporate the specific requirem

45、ents of national legislation, and design and develop a sampling plan for use on a case-by-case basis.This document is applicable to sampling of soil and soil material, more specifically, e.g. soil in the landscape, soil stockpiles, potentially contaminated sites, agricultural soils, landfills, and f

46、orest soils.Ultimately, the sampling plan provides the sampler with detailed instructions on how sampling should be carried out.NOTE 1 There might be a need for more than one sampling plan to meet all the requirements of the investigation programme.NOTE 2 It might sometimes be appropriate to divide

47、a site or above-ground deposit (e.g. stockpile) into two or more zones and to develop separate sampling plans for each zone. For example, a (potentially) contaminated site might be zoned on the basis of past use, future use, topography or geology and an agricultural site on the basis of known or sus

48、pected soil types or use (pasture, type of crops, etc.).2 Normative referencesThe following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, t

49、he latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 11074, Soil quality VocabularyINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18400-101:2017(E) ISO 2017 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 18400-101:2017ISO 18400-101:2017(E)3 Terms and definitionsNo terms and definitions are listed in this document. ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at h t t p :/ www .electropedia .org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at h t