BS ISO 13579-4-2013 Industrial furnaces and associated processing equipment Method of measuring energy balance and calculating efficiency Furnaces with protective or reactive atmos.pdf

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1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 13579-4:2013Industrial furnaces andassociated processingequipment Method ofmeasuring energy balance andcalculating efficiencyPart 4: Furnaces with protective or reactiveat

2、mosphereBS ISO 13579-4:2013 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 13579-4:2013.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee RHE/13, Oil burning equipment.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtain

3、ed on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 72513 5ICS 25.180.01Compliance with a

4、British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 13579-4:2013. Reference numberISO 13579-4:2013(E)ISO 2013

5、INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO13579-4First edition2013-01-15Industrial furnaces and associated processing equipment Method of measuring energy balance and calculating efficiency Part 4: Furnaces with protective or reactive atmosphere Fours industriels et quipements associs Mthode de mesure du bilan nerg

6、tique et de calcul de lefficacit Partie 4: Fours atmosphre contrle ou active BS ISO 13579-4:2013ISO 13579-4:2013(E) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2013 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic

7、 or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org We

8、b www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS ISO 13579-4:2013ISO 13579-4:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword . v Introduction vi 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions . 1 3.1 Terms relating to type of energy used in this par

9、t of ISO 13579 2 4 Symbols 5 5 Basic principles . 7 5.1 General . 7 5.2 Energy flow diagram . 10 5.3 Process Heating Assessment Survey Tool 10 6 Basic conditions of measurement and calculation . 10 6.1 State of furnace . 10 6.2 Duration of measurement . 10 6.3 Unit of specific energy intensity 10 6.

10、4 Reference conditions 10 6.5 Unit of amount of gas 10 6.6 Fuel . 10 7 Type of energy used in this part of ISO 13579 . 10 7.1 General . 10 7.2 Energy balance 10 7.3 Thermal energy balance . 12 7.4 Energy balance of electrical generation . 13 7.5 Recycled energy 14 8 Measurement method . 14 8.1 Gener

11、al . 14 8.2 Fuel . 14 8.3 Combustion air and exhaust gas . 15 8.4 Controlled atmospheric gas . 17 8.5 Products . 17 8.6 Temperature of furnace surface 17 8.7 Furnace inner wall temperature . 17 8.8 Inner furnace pressure 17 8.9 Cooling water . 17 8.10 Electrical auxiliary equipment 18 8.11 Generatio

12、n of utilities 18 8.12 Recycled energy 18 9 Calculations . 18 9.1 General provisions 18 9.2 Total energy input . 18 9.3 Total energy output . 19 9.4 Total energy efficiency 21 10 Energy balance evaluation report 22 Annex A (informative) Reference data 23 Annex B (informative) Report of energy balanc

13、e and efficiency of a continuous gas carburizing furnace (whole process) Example . 25 BS ISO 13579-4:2013ISO 13579-4:2013(E) iv ISO 2013 All rights reservedAnnex C (informative) Report of measurement of energy balance and calculation of efficiency of a continuous gas carburizing furnace Example .33

14、Annex D (informative) Assessment of uncertainty of total energy efficiency 42 Bibliography 45 BS ISO 13579-4:2013ISO 13579-4:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved vForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodi

15、es). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and

16、non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, P

17、art 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casti

18、ng a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 13579-4 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 244, Industrial furnaces and associ

19、ated thermal processing equipment. ISO 13579 consists of the following parts, under the general title Industrial furnaces and associated processing equipment Method of measuring energy balance and calculating efficiency: Part 1: General methodology Part 3: Reheating furnaces for steel Part 2: Batch-

20、type aluminium melting furnaces Part 4: Furnaces with protective or reactive atmosphere BS ISO 13579-4:2013ISO 13579-4:2013(E) vi ISO 2013 All rights reservedIntroduction All calculations within this part of ISO 13579 are based on the location of equipment at reference conditions. NOTE For equipment

21、 intended to be installed above or below sea level, it is expected that the impact of the elevation be calculated for that location. BS ISO 13579-4:2013INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13579-4:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved 1Industrial furnaces and associated processing equipment Method of measuring

22、 energy balance and calculating efficiency Part 4: Furnaces with protective or reactive atmosphere 1 Scope This part of ISO 13579 specifies general methodology for measuring energy balance and calculating the efficiency of the process involving furnaces with protective or reactive atmosphere as desi

23、gned by the furnace manufacturers. This general methodology includes: measurement methods; calculations (general calculation); evaluation report. This part of ISO 13579 is not applicable to any efficiencies related to the process itself outside of furnaces with protective or reactive atmosphere. 2 N

24、ormative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendmen

25、ts) applies. ISO 13574, Industrial furnaces and associated processing equipment Vocabulary ISO 13579-1:2013, Industrial furnaces and associated processing equipment Method of measuring energy balance and calculating efficiency Part 1: General methodology 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of t

26、his document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 13574 and the following apply. BS ISO 13579-4:2013ISO 13579-4:2013(E) 2 ISO 2013 All rights reserved3.1 Terms relating to type of energy used in this part of ISO 13579 3.1.1 Total energy input 3.1.1.1 total energy input Einput aggregate of measure

27、d energy input brought into the area of energy balance, and which is composed of fuel equivalent energy and other energy input 3.1.2 Fuel equivalent energy 3.1.2.1 fuel equivalent energy Efeaggregate of input energy which is composed of calorific value of fuel, calorific value of waste, calorific va

28、lue of source gas of atmospheric gas and fuel equivalent energy of electricity 3.1.2.2 calorific value of fuel Eh,fuelheat of combustion of fuel which is consumed and used for heating products in the area of energy balance 3.1.2.3 calorific value of source gas of atmospheric gas Efe,atm,calcalorific

29、 value of source gas of atmospheric gas which is used as protective and reactive atmospheres 3.1.2.4 fuel equivalent energy of electricity Efe,elaggregate of fuel equivalent energy of electricity converted from each occurrence of electrical energy consumptions in the area of energy balance 3.1.3 Oth

30、er energy input 3.1.3.1 other energy input Eothersenergy that is composed of sensible heat of fuel, sensible heat of combustion air or other oxidant, sensible heat of atomization agent for liquid fuel, heat of reaction and sensible heat of infiltration air 3.1.3.2 heat of reaction Ereactheat generat

31、ed by the oxidation reaction of products in the area of energy balance measurement EXAMPLE The formation of scale of steel products during the oxidation reaction. 3.1.3.3 sensible heat of infiltration air Es,infiltsensible heat of air that leaks into the furnace through supply/discharge port or gaps

32、 in the operating systems of the furnace Note 1 to entry This term may be replaced with “sensible heat of false air“. BS ISO 13579-4:2013ISO 13579-4:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved 33.1.4 Total energy output 3.1.4.1 total energy output Eoutputtotal measured energy output emitted from or consume

33、d in the area of energy balance which is composed of thermal energy output, energy consumed in electrical auxiliary equipment, energy used for generation of utility and electrical generation loss. 3.1.5 Thermal energy output 3.1.5.1 thermal energy output Etherm,outaggregate of thermal energy which i

34、s emitted from the area of energy balance Note 1 to entry Thermal energy output is composed of energy defined in 3.1.5.2 to 3.1.5.12. 3.1.5.2 effective energy Eeffectenthalpy that products gain in the area of energy balance 3.1.5.3 jig loss El,jigenthalpy that jigs for handling the products gained i

35、n the area of energy balance measurement 3.1.5.4 sensible heat of exhaust gas Eexhaustsensible heat of expended gas which is emitted from the area of energy balance measurement 3.1.5.5 heat storage loss by batch furnace El,storagesensible heat which a furnace refractory gains within a batch furnace

36、operation cycle 3.1.5.6 sensible heat loss of atmospheric gas Es,atmsensible heat which atmospheric gas for thermal processing gains through the area of energy balance 3.1.5.7 wall loss El,wallthermal energy emitted from the surface of industrial furnaces by radiation and convection 3.1.5.8 heat los

37、s of discharged blowout from furnace opening El,blowoutsensible heat of blowout gas emitted from the furnace opening 3.1.5.9 heat loss of radiation from furnace opening El,openingthermal energy emitted from the furnace opening by radiation BS ISO 13579-4:2013ISO 13579-4:2013(E) 4 ISO 2013 All rights

38、 reserved3.1.5.10 heat loss from furnace parts installed through furnace wall El,partsthermal energy emitted through furnace parts which are installed through furnace wall EXAMPLE As in the case of a roller hearth furnace. 3.1.5.11 cooling water loss El,cwthermal energy brought out by cooling water

39、from the area of energy balance measurement 3.1.5.12 other losses El,otherunmeasured thermal energy losses from the area of energy balance 3.1.6 Energy consumed in electrical auxiliary equipment 3.1.6.1 energy consumed in electrical auxiliary equipment Eauxenergy utilized in electrical auxiliary equ

40、ipment which is composed of energy consumed in installed electrical auxiliary equipment and energy used for fluid transfer 3.1.6.2 energy consumed in installed electrical auxiliary equipment Eaux,installedaggregate of total energy used in installed electrical auxiliary equipment (e.g. fans, pumps) i

41、nstalled in the area of energy balance 3.1.6.3 energy used for fluid transfer Eaux,fluidaggregate of energy for fluid transfer calculated from the property of the fluid EXAMPLE For cooling water, fuel, etc. 3.1.7 energy used for generation of utility 3.1.7.1 utility service other than fuel and elect

42、ricity provided to the area of energy balance EXAMPLE Oxygen, steam and atmospheric gas. 3.1.7.2 energy used for generation of utilities Eutilityaggregate of energy for the generation of utilities used in the area of energy balance 3.1.8 Electrical generation loss 3.1.8.1 electrical generation loss

43、El,egenergy loss in electrical generation which is backcalculated from fuel equivalent energy and total consumed electrical energy BS ISO 13579-4:2013ISO 13579-4:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved 53.1.9 Thermal energy balance 3.1.9.1 thermal energy input from electrical heating source heat energy

44、 being entered from an electrical heating source, such as an electrical heater emitted to the area of energy balance 3.1.9.2 circulating heat heat that circulates within equipment or system installed in the area of energy balance 3.1.10 Energy balance of electrical generation 3.1.10.1 total consumed

45、 electrical energy Ee,totalaggregate of electrical energy which is consumed in the area of energy balance and equal to the sum of thermal energy input from electrical heating source, energy consumed in electrical auxiliary equipment and electrical energy used for generation of utility 3.1.10.2 elect

46、rical energy used for generation of utilities Ee,utilityaggregate of electrical energy consumed for generation of utilities (e.g. generation of oxygen) used in the area of energy balance 3.1.11 Recycled energy 3.1.11.1 recycled energy Ereenergy that is regenerated from the wasted thermal energy from

47、 the area of energy balance EXAMPLE Energy reused in waste gas boiler. 4 Symbols For the purposes of this document, the following symbols apply. NOTE Tons used are metric tons. NOTE 2 For the units of volume of gas, see 6.5. Symbol Meaning Unit cpm,p2mean specific heat of products between Tp2and 273

48、,15 K kJ/(kgK) cpm,psmean specific heat of products between Tsand 273,15 K kJ/(kgK) Eauxenergy consumed in electrical auxiliary equipment per ton of products kJ/t Eaux,fluidaggregate of energy used for fluid transfer per ton of products kJ/t Eaux,installed aggregate of energy used in installed elect

49、rical auxiliary equipment per ton of products kJ/t Eeffecteffective energy per ton of products kJ/t Eexhaustsensible heat of exhaust gas per ton of products kJ/t Efefuel equivalent energy per ton of products kJ/t Eh,fuelcalorific value of fuel per ton of products kJ/t BS ISO 13579-4:2013ISO 13579-4:2013(E) 6 ISO 2013 All rights reservedSymbol Meaning Unit Einputtotal energy input per ton of products kJ/t El,blowoutheat loss of discharged blowout from furnace opening per ton of products