BS ISO 13573-2012 Corrosion of metals and alloys Test method for thermal-cycling exposure testing under high-temperature corrosion conditions for metallic materials《金属和合金的腐蚀 高温腐蚀条件.pdf

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1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 13573:2012Corrosion of metals and alloys Test method for thermal-cycling exposure testingunder high-temperaturecorrosion conditions formetallic materialsBS ISO 13573:2012

2、BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 13573:2012.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee ISE/NFE/8, Corrosion of metals and alloys.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to i

3、ts secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2012. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2012ISBN 978 0 580 69312 0ICS 77.060Compliance with a British Standard cann

4、ot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 December 2012.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 13573:2012 ISO 2012Corrosion of metals and alloys Test method for thermal-cyc

5、ling exposure testing under high-temperature corrosion conditions for metallic materialsCorrosion des mtaux et alliages Mthode pour essais de corrosion haute temprature, avec exposition des cycles thermiques, sur des matriaux mtalliquesINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO13573First edition2012-12-15Reference n

6、umberISO 13573:2012(E)BS ISO 13573:2012ISO 13573:2012(E)ii ISO 2012 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2012All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including phot

7、ocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in Switzerlan

8、dBS ISO 13573:2012ISO 13573:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword iv1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Test method . 24.1 Reagents and materials . 24.2 Test apparatus . 44.3 Procedure 94.4 Determination of mass change . 134.5 Analysis of mass chan

9、ge .164.6 Post-test evaluation of test pieces . 205 Report .205.1 Matters to be described 205.2 Supplementary note 22Bibliography .23BS ISO 13573:2012ISO 13573:2012(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member b

10、odies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental a

11、nd non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives,

12、 Part 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies cast

13、ing a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO 13573 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 156, Corrosion of metals and alloys, W

14、orking Group 13, High Temperature Corrosion.iv ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS ISO 13573:2012INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13573:2012(E)Corrosion of metals and alloys Test method for thermal-cycling exposure testing under high-temperature corrosion conditions for metallic materials1 ScopeThis Internatio

15、nal Standard describes the methodology for thermal cycling corrosion testing (known as cyclic oxidation testing) of metallic materials in gaseous environments between ambient and elevated temperatures (series of measurements on a single test piece with repeated, regular and controlled temperature cy

16、cles). It also may be applicable to other materials with some modifications. Tests with ultra short dwell times in the range of minutes or seconds are outside the scope of this International Standard.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of th

17、is document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ANSI B74.12-92, Specifications for the Size of Abrasive Grain Grinding Wheels, Polishing and General Industrial UsesASTM E1350-9

18、7, Standard Test Methods for Testing Sheathed Thermocouples Prior to, During, and After InstallationASTM E220-02, Standard Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By Comparison TechniquesASTM E230-03, Standard Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force (EMF) Tables for Standardized Therm

19、ocouplesASTM E3-01, Standard Practice for Preparation of Metallographic SpecimensASTM E407-07e1, Standard Practice for Microetching Metals and AlloysASTM E633-00, Standard Guide for Use of Thermocouples in Creep and Stress Rupture Testing to 1800F (1000C) in AirFEPA 43-1984 R:1993, Grit Sizes for Co

20、ated AbrasivesISO 3611, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) Dimensional measuring equipment: Micrometers for external measurements Design and metrological characteristicsISO 6344-3:1998, Coated abrasives Grain size analysis Part 3: Determination of grain size distribution of microgrits P240 to

21、P2500ISO 13385-1, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) Dimensional measuring equipment Part 1: Callipers; Design and metrological characteristicsISO 26146, Corrosion of metals and alloys Method for metallographic examination of samples after exposure to high temperature corrosive environmentsJIS

22、 R6001-87, Bonded abrasive grain sizes3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. ISO 2012 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 13573:2012ISO 13573:2012(E)3.1scalesurface film and corrosion products produced on the surface of the test piece by high tem

23、perature corrosion3.2adherent scalescale adhering to the test piece even after cooling3.3spalled scalescale flaked from the test piece3.4delaminated scalescale fully or partially detached from the surface but still in contact with the test piece3.5gross mass changemass change of the test piece after

24、 cooling, including collected spalled scale3.6net mass changemass change of the test piece after cooling, without including the mass of spalled scale3.7high temperature corrosioncorrosion occurring when the temperature is higher than the dew point of aqueous phases of the environment but at least 10

25、0 C3.8breakawayrapid increase in corrosion rate following a change from protective to non-protective scale growth3.9thermal cyclesequence of temperatures that is repeated throughout the test. A single thermal cycle consists of the heating phase, the hot dwell time, the cooling time and the cold dwel

26、l time4 Test method4.1 Reagents and materials4.1.1 Test piecesThe test pieces shall have the form of a rectangular plate, a disc or a cylinder with a surface area of 300 mm2at minimum and a thickness of 1,5 mm at minimum.If the test pieces cannot be made according to these specifications, the shape

27、and dimensions of the test piece shall be in accordance with the agreement between the parties involved.The test pieces shall be finished by machining so that the strata affected by cutting do not remain.The final finishing of the surface of the test pieces shall be performed with abrasives with mea

28、n particle diameter of approximately 15 m. This can be achieved by the use of abrasives according to Table 1.If another surface finish is required by the parties involved, the surface finish condition shall be described.2 ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS ISO 13573:2012ISO 13573:2012(E)Table 1 Designat

29、ion and mean diameter of particles of coated abrasives according to regional standardsStandard Designation Mean diameter mRegionFEPAa43-1984 R:1993, Grit Sizes for Coated Abrasives ISO 6344-3:1998, Coated abrasives Grain size analysis Part 3: Determination of grain size distribution of microgrits P2

30、40 to P2500P1200 15,3 1,0 EuropeJIS R6001-87, Bonded abrasive grain sizes #1000 15,5 1,0 JapanANSI B74.12-92, Specifications for the Size of Abrasive Grain Grinding Wheels, Polishing and General Industrial Uses600 16,0 AmericaaFederation of European Producers of abrasivesSharp edges of the test piec

31、es may give anomalous behaviour. These shall be slightly rounded during the final stages of the test piece preparation.The surface of the test pieces shall not be deformed by marking, stamping or notching. Identification of the test pieces shall be solely on the basis of recording the relative posit

32、ion within the test chamber, however, holes for the test piece support (Figure 5) and or reference marking are permissible.Where holes are used for the test piece support, they shall be drilled prior to final finishing or application of coatings. These have to be taken into account when calculating

33、the surface area.The dimensions of the test pieces shall be measured prior to exposure at a minimum of three positions for each dimension with a precision of 0,02 mm by means of the measuring instruments specified in ISO 3611 and ISO 13385-1.The test pieces shall be dried after degreasing by ultraso

34、nic cleaning using iso-propanol or ethanol.If it is suspected that specimens may adsorb significant amounts of atmospheric contaminants such as water, it is recommended that the cleaned test pieces are stored in a desiccator prior to weighing and exposure.The mass of the test pieces shall be determi

35、ned prior to exposure. At least two measurements shall be made for each test piece. The difference between the measurements shall not exceed 0,05 mg.It is recommend that duplicate test pieces are used each time.4.1.2 Gas supply for closed system operationThe gas supply system shall be capable of sup

36、plying the test gases at a constant rate to the test piece chamber.When a humidifying regulator is used, it shall be capable of adjusting to the desired humidity. Deionized water of a conductivity less than 1 S cm1shall be used, unless otherwise specified.The space between the humidifying regulator

37、and the test piece chamber shall be kept above the dew point in order to avoid condensation.The gas flow shall be monitored by a gas flow meter. The flow meter shall be located as close as practicable to the inlet of the test piece chamber except where a humidifying regulator is used, in which case

38、it shall be located upstream to the humidifier.For testing in air, a specific humidity (mass fraction of water in air) of 20 g/kg is recommended. This corresponds to a relative humidity of 100 % at 25 C (dew point) and is easy to obtain by bubbling through a water bath of 25 C.If any other humidity

39、is employed, it shall be agreed between the parties concerned.In the case that the gas is humidified the water vapor content shall be measured. For example, this can be achieved by the use of a hygrometer before the test piece chamber or by measuring the amount of ISO 2012 All rights reserved 3BS IS

40、O 13573:2012ISO 13573:2012(E)water after condensation of the exhaust gases or by measuring the water consumption of the humidifier over the course of the experiment.The formation of condensed phases from the test gas during the cooling cycle shall be avoided. This may be achieved by turning off the

41、humidification or by switching to an inert gas.4.2 Test apparatus4.2.1 Design of apparatusThe apparatus shall be comprised of a set-up that will transition the test pieces between hot and cold environments in a controllable and reproducible manner. Ideally, the heating device should be equipped with

42、 a testing portion capable of separating the test piece from outside air (this assembly is referred to as a closed system) unless this is impracticable for the tests planned. When applicable, a humidifying regulator should be used to continuously supply the gas kept at a constant humidity which shou

43、ld be monitored with a hygrometer. The gas supply shall be controlled by a gas flow meter. A facility to accelerate cooling may also be included. Examples of basic designs are shown in Figures 1 and 2.The heating device shall be constructed such that the test piece chamber is isolated from the exter

44、nal environment. It shall be ensured that a continuous gas flow within the prescribed range passes over the test pieces.The test piece chamber shall not be composed of a material that reacts with the test atmosphere during the test to a degree that it changes the composition of the atmosphere.If a c

45、losed system with a test piece chamber cannot be used, then the tests may be performed in an open system with laboratory air. In this case the humidity of the air shall be recorded and the laboratories should be kept free from temperature changes and influences from weather conditions, as far as pos

46、sible. Ideally, however, closed systems should be used.The furnace shall be characterized at the exposure temperature prior to the testing to determine the length of the isothermal zone inside the furnace. A common method is by the use of an independent moveable thermocouple.The time-dependent tempe

47、rature response during the thermal cycling at a position at, or near to, the test piece shall be recorded prior to the testing in order to allow definition of the parameters of a thermal cycle, according to 4.3.3. This can be achieved by using dummy test pieces and appropriate thermometry.The temper

48、ature regulating device shall be capable of guaranteeing that the temperature of the test piece is kept within the permissible range given in Table 2. The temperature of the furnace may vary or fluctuate due to movement of the furnace (less pronounced when the test piece supports are moved). The con

49、trol system used shall ensure that the desired temperature inside the furnace is reached rapidly without being exceeded.The heating device thermocouples for temperature control shall be as follows: The material for thermocouple shall fully withstand the test temperature. Moreover, the diameter of wire is recommended to be as small as possible, within the limit where the thermoelectric power does not change in service.4 ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS ISO 13573:2012ISO 13573:2012(E)a) ISO 2012 All rights