ASTM F2879-2018 Standard Specification for Eye Protective Devices for Airsoft Sports《空软运动用护眼装置标准规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: F2879 18Standard Specification forEye Protective Devices for Airsoft Sports1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2879; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number

2、 in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification applies to eye protective devices(EPDs) designed for use by participants in the sport of airsoftwith 6-mm airsoft projecti

3、les. These EPDs are designed tominimize or significantly reduce injury to the eye and adnexaas a result of impact and penetration of airsoft projectiles.1.2 When airsoft guns are used for target practice with apaper or gel target and a backstop sufficient to prevent ricochet,shooters may wear eye pr

4、otection (shooting glasses) appropri-ate for use with firearms, ball bullet (BB) guns or air guns thatmeet ANSI Z87.1. The balance of this specification applies toEPDs designed for use by participants in tactical sports usingairsoft guns.1.3 EPDs meeting the requirements of this specificationoffer p

5、rotection to the eyes and adnexa and not necessarily toany other parts of the head.1.4 This specification does not limit the wearing of eye-glasses or contact lenses when used in conjunction with theEPD based on the information provided by the manufacturer in9.2.21.1.5 UnitsThe values stated in SI u

6、nits are to be regardedas the standard. No other units of measurement are included inthis standard.1.6 The following information is provided for the laboratoryconducting the test for the protection of their personnel: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associ

7、ated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, andenvironmental practices and determine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recogniz

8、ed principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1003 Test Method for Ha

9、ze and Luminous Transmittanceof Transparent PlasticsF2679 Specification for 6 mm Projectiles Used with AirsoftGunsF2748 Specification for Airsoft Guns2.2 ANSI Standards:3Z80.3 Requirements for Nonprescription Sunglasses andFashion EyewearZ87.1 Practice for Occupational and Educational Eye andFace Pr

10、otectors2.3 CSA Standard:4Z262.6-02 Specifications for Facially Featured Headforms2.4 EN Standard:5EN 168 Personal Eye ProtectionNon-Optical TestMethodSection 17 Headforms3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 adnexa, nadjunct parts of the eye, including theorbit, orb

11、ital contents, eyelids, and the lacrimal apparatus.3.1.2 airsoft field, narea where participants actively targetand shoot each other with airsoft projectiles using airsoft guns.3.1.3 airsoft gun, ndevice specifically designed to expelairsoft projectiles as the result of the release of energy bycompr

12、essed air, compressed carbon dioxide (CO2), mechanicalsprings, battery, or a combination thereof as defined in Speci-fication F2748.3.1.4 airsoft projectile, n6 mm projectiles used with anairsoft gun which is defined in Specification F2679.3.1.5 astigmatism, ncondition in a lens that creates twoaxia

13、lly separated line foci of each object point, the lines being1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F08.57 on Eye Safety for Sports.Current edition approved April 1, 2018

14、. Published April 2018. Originallyapproved in 2014. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as F2879 16. DOI:10.1520/F2879-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,

15、refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 5060 Spectrum Way,Mississauga, ON L4W 5N6, Canada, http

16、:/www.csa.ca.5Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), AvenueMarnix 17, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium, http:/www.cen.eu.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accord

17、ance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1mutually perpendicular; in other

18、words, the lens has twodifferent refractive powers in meridians that are 90 apart.3.1.6 base-in, adjrelating to the type of prism imbalancethat tends to cause parallel rays of light passing through a EPD,spaced apart by the interpupillary distance, to converge.3.1.7 base-out, adjrelating to the type

19、 of prism imbalancethat tends to cause parallel rays of light passing through anEPD, spaced apart by the interpupillary distance, to diverge.3.1.8 binocular, adjrelating to the field of view that isshared by both eyes simultaneously.3.1.9 central viewing zone, nthat part of a lens that has itscenter

20、 in line with the wearers line of sight when lookingstraight ahead.3.1.9.1 DiscussionThe zone is circular in shape. For thepurpose of this specification, it shall be considered to be 38 mmin diameter. The center of the central viewing zone shall be thepoint of intersection of the line of sight with

21、the lens asmounted on the headform, as specified by the manufacturer.3.1.10 corneal apex, nthe most anterior point of thecornea when the eye is in the primary position.3.1.11 cleanable, advability of an EPD to be made readilyfree of dirt or grime without being damaged during anappropriate cleaning p

22、rocess, such as the use of soap and water.3.1.12 definition, optical, ncharacteristic of a lens thatallows separate distinct points in close proximity to be dis-cerned when looking through the lens.3.1.13 dislodgement, nrelating to the movement or shift-ing during impact testing as described in sect

23、ion 8 that wouldresult in a gap between the lens and frame that did not existprior to the testing of more than 1.0 mm or the breaking free ofany EPD components within the interior chamber of the EPD.3.1.14 eye, nrelating to the eye of the headform or the eyeof a person wearing an EPD or that part of

24、 an EPD throughwhich a wearers eye would normally look.3.1.15 eye of the headform, nall structures containedwithin the orbital rim of the headform.3.1.16 eye protective device (EPD), ndevice that providesprotection to the wearers eyes against specific hazards encoun-tered in sports.3.1.17 fracture,

25、nany breach, rupture, or visible crack inthe lens.3.1.18 haze, nfraction of the total transmitted light from anormally incident beam that is not transmitted in a focusedcondition but scattered by inclusions or surface defects.3.1.18.1 DiscussionExcessive haze will reduce contrastand visibility.3.1.1

26、9 headform, nas utilized within this standard for theas-worn assessment of EPDs, key dimensions of which are asprovided in CSA Z262.6-02 or EN 168.3.1.20 lens, ntransparent part or parts of an EPD throughwhich the wearer normally sees.3.1.20.1 DiscussionThe most common configurations forlenses are s

27、ingle pane and thermal. Thermal lenses are con-structed with multiple panes providing a thermal barrier toreduce the effects of fogging. Some lenses may be treated withchemical solutions to reduce fogging.3.1.21 lens retention component(s), ncomponents, sepa-rate from the lens, that are designed to

28、retain the lens in theframe or body of the EPD.3.1.22 luminous transmittance, nfunction of the spectraltransmittance of the lens weighted by the correspondingordinates of the photopic luminous efficiency distribution ofthe CIE (1931) standard colorimetric observer and by thespectral intensity of sta

29、ndard Illumination C (seeANSI Z80.3).3.1.23 orbital area, narea contained in a circle r =20mmcentered on the pupil of the headform.3.1.24 power imbalance, ncondition that exists when therefractive power created by the right lens of the EPD isdifferent from that of the left lens.3.1.25 prism, nangula

30、r deviation of a ray of light as itpasses through a lens resulting from the angle at which the raystrikes each surface of the lens and the index of refraction ofthe material from which it is made.3.1.26 prism imbalance, n3.1.26.1 horizontal imbalance, ndifference in prismaticdeviation of incident pa

31、rallel light beams on the two eyes of anEPD in the horizontal meridian (see base-in and base-out).3.1.26.2 vertical imbalance, ndifference in prismatic de-viation between parallel light beams incident on the two eyesof an EPD in the vertical meridian.3.1.27 refractive power, nfocusing effect of a le

32、ns ex-pressed in diopters.3.1.28 spherical power, naverage of the maximum meridi-onal astigmatic power and the minimum meridional astigmaticpower of a lens.3.1.29 tactical sport, nwithin the context of this standardan activity in which participants actively target and shoot ateach other with airsoft

33、 projectiles using an airsoft gun.4. Performance Requirements4.1 Optical Requirements:4.1.1 Field of ViewWhen tested in accordance with 7.1,the EPD shall have a field of view equal to or exceeding thefollowing:4.1.1.1 Temporal field50.4.1.1.2 Nasal field30.4.1.1.3 Superior field30.4.1.1.4 Inferior f

34、ield30.4.1.2 Refractive TolerancesWhen tested in accordancewith 7.6, the spherical power shall not be less than 0.12diopters and shall not exceed +0.12 diopters.4.1.3 AstigmatismWhen tested in accordance with 7.6, theastigmatism shall not exceed 0.25 diopters.4.1.4 Power ImbalanceWhen tested in acco

35、rdance with7.6, the power imbalance in corresponding meridians betweenthe two eyes for straight ahead seeing shall not exceed 0.18diopters.4.1.5 PrismWhen tested in accordance with 7.4 or 7.8, theprimary viewing position of either eye of a shield shall notexceed 0.5 prism diopters.F2879 1824.1.6 Pri

36、sm ImbalanceWhen tested in accordance with7.4 or 7.8, the prism imbalance shall meet the followingcriteria:4.1.6.1 Vertical imbalanceIt shall not exceed +0.25 di-opters.4.1.6.2 Horizontal imbalancesNegative values (base-in)shall not be less than 0.25 prism diopters, and positive values(base-out) sha

37、ll not be more than +1.0 prism diopters.4.1.7 Luminous TransmittanceWhen tested in accordancewith 7.3, the luminous transmittance shall not be less than 60% for clear lenses and not less than 17 % for tinted lensesunless labeled very dark in which case the minimum transmit-tance shall be no less tha

38、n 8 %.4.1.8 HazeWhen tested in accordance with 7.5, the hazeof the EPD shall not exceed 3 %.4.1.9 Optical QualityWithin the central viewing zone,striae, warpage, surface ripples, or other defects that areapparent under the optical inspection test conditions of 7.2shall be considered a failure. An ex

39、ception is when smallspecks or inclusions, which are not seen when the lens is heldclose to the eye in the as-worn position, shall not be a cause ofrejection.4.1.10 Physical Lens DefectsWithin the central viewingzone, pits, scratches, grayness, bubbles, cracks, watermarks, orother defects that are a

40、pparent under the visible inspection testconditions of 7.7 shall be considered a failure. An exception issmall specks or inclusions, which are not seen when the lens isheld close to the eye in the as-worn position, shall not be causeof rejection.4.2 Mechanical Requirements:4.2.1 When tested in accor

41、dance with 8.2.3 (high-velocityimpact test):4.2.1.1 Any visible damage of the lens or frame that resultsin any component of the EPD to become dislodged inside theinterior chamber of the EPD or the entry of an airsoft projectileas defined in 3.1.4 constitutes a failure,4.2.1.2 No contact by component

42、s of the EPD with theorbital area of the headform shall be permitted,4.2.1.3 Any dislodging of the lens from the frame consti-tutes a failure,4.2.1.4 Any dislodging of a lens retention component fromthe lens constitutes a failure, and4.2.1.5 Any opening in the frame or lens of EPD that wouldpermit c

43、ontact of a 4.5 mm diameter probe 6 0.1 mm to theorbital area of the headform constitutes a failure. No significantforce is to be applied to force the probe through any opening.4.2.2 When tested in accordance with 8.2.4 (lens retentiontest):4.2.2.1 Any visible fracture of the lens or frame constitut

44、esa failure,4.2.2.2 No contact by components of the EPD or airsoftprojectile as defined in 3.1.4 within the orbital area of theheadform shall be permitted,4.2.2.3 Any dislodging of the lens from the frame consti-tutes a failure,4.2.2.4 Any dislodging of a lens retention component fromthe lens consti

45、tutes a failure, and4.2.2.5 Any opening in the frame or lens of EPD that wouldpermit direct contact of a 4.5 mm diameter probe 6 0.1 mm tothe orbital area of the headform constitutes a failure. Nosignificant force is to be applied to force the probe through anyopening.4.3 Ventilation Openings Requir

46、ementsAny ventilationopening in the EPD that would permit direct contact of a 4.5mm diameter probe 6 0.1 mm to the orbital area of theheadform constitutes a failure. No significant force is to beapplied to force the probe through any opening.Any evaluationmust be conducted with the EPD installed in

47、accordance withthe manufactures instruction manual on the headform asspecified in section 6.4.5. General Requirements5.1 Materials of Construction:5.1.1 The manufacturer is responsible that the materialsselected meet the following criteria and may confirm compli-ance by providing the testing laborat

48、ory with a declarationletter regarding the suitability of the materials for inclusionwith the final test report:5.1.2 Materials exposed to sunlight shall not undergo sig-nificant loss of physical properties.5.1.3 Materials coming into contact with the wearers faceshall not be of a type known to caus

49、e skin irritation.5.1.4 Materials coming into contact with the wearers faceshall not undergo significant loss of strength, flexibility, orother physical change as a result of perspiration, oil, or greasefrom the wearers skin and hair.5.2 Openings:5.2.1 All openings in the EPD, such as those for ventilation,shall not allow the passage of a 4.5 mm diameter probe 6 0.1mm. In cases where a foam or air permeable barrier is used tocover ventilation openings of the EPD, the underlying structure(under the foam or air perm