ASTM F2879-2014 Standard Specification for Eye Protective Devices for Airsoft Sports《软弹气枪运用使用护眼装置的标准规格》.pdf

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1、Designation: F2879 14Standard Specification forEye Protective Devices for Airsoft Sports1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2879; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number

2、 in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification applies to eye protective devices(EPDs) designed for use by participants in the sport of air softwith 6-mm air soft projec

3、tiles. These EPDs are designed tominimize or significantly reduce injury to the eye and adnexaas a result of impact and penetration of air soft projectiles.1.2 When air soft guns are used for target practice with apaper or gel target and a backstop sufficient to prevent ricochet,shooters may wear ey

4、e protection (shooting glasses) appropri-ate for use with firearms, ball bullet (BB) guns or air guns thatmeet ANSI Z87.1. The balance of this specification applies toEPDs designed for use by participants in tactical sports usingair soft guns.1.3 EPDs meeting the requirements of this specificationof

5、fer protection to the eyes and adnexa and not necessarily toany other parts of the head.1.4 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regardedas the standard. No other units of measurement are included inthis standard.1.5 This specification does not limit the wearing of eye-glasses or contact len

6、ses when used in conjunction with theEPD based on the information provided by the manufacturer insection 9.2.21.1.6 The following information is provided for the laboratoryconducting the test for the protection of their personnel: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,i

7、f any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmit

8、tanceof Transparent PlasticsF2679 Specification for 6 mm Projectiles Used with LowEnergy Air GunsF2748 Specification for Low Energy Air Guns2.2 ANSI Standards:3Z80.3 Requirements for Nonprescription Sunglasses andFashion EyewearZ87.1 Practice for Occupational and Educational Eye andFace Protectors2.

9、3 CSA Standard:4Z262.6-02 Specifications for Facially Featured Headforms2.4 EN Standard:5EN 168 Personal Eye ProtectionNon-Optical TestMethodSection 17 Headforms3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 adnexa, nadjunct parts of the eye, including theorbit, orbital conte

10、nts, eyelids, and the lacrimal apparatus.3.1.2 air soft field, narea where participants actively targetand shoot each other with air soft projectiles using air softguns.3.1.3 air soft gun, ndevice specifically designed to expelair soft projectiles as the result of the release of energy bycompressed

11、air, compressed carbon dioxide (CO2), mechanicalsprings, battery, or a combination thereof as defined in Speci-fication F2748.3.1.4 air soft projectile, n6 mm projectiles used with anair soft gun which is defined in Specification F2679.3.1.5 astigmatism, ncondition in a lens that creates twoaxially

12、separated line foci of each object point, the lines beingmutually perpendicular; in other words, the lens has twodifferent refractive powers in meridians that are 90 apart.3.1.6 base-in, adjrelating to the type of prism imbalancethat tends to cause parallel rays of light passing through a EPD,spaced

13、 apart by the interpupillary distance, to converge.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F08.57 on Eye Safety for Sports.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014. Published

14、 December 2014. DOI:10.1520/F2879-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American

15、 National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 5060 Spectrum Way,Mississauga, ON L4W 5N6, Canada, http:/www.csa.ca.5Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), AvenueMarnix

16、17, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium, http:/www.cen.eu.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.7 base-out, adjrelating to the type of prism imbalancethat tends to cause parallel rays of light passing through anEPD, spaced apart b

17、y the interpupillary distance, to diverge.3.1.8 binocular, adjrelating to the field of view that isshared by both eyes simultaneously.3.1.9 central viewing zone, nthat part of a lens that has itscenter in line with the wearers line of sight when lookingstraight ahead.3.1.9.1 DiscussionThe zone is ci

18、rcular in shape. For thepurpose of this specification, it shall be considered to be 38 mmin diameter. The center of the central viewing zone shall be thepoint of intersection of the line of sight with the lens asmounted on the headform, as specified by the manufacturer.3.1.10 corneal apex, nthe most

19、 anterior point of thecornea when the eye is in the primary position.3.1.11 cleanable, advability of an EPD to be made readilyfree of dirt or grime without being damaged during anappropriate cleaning process, such as the use of soap and water.3.1.12 definition, optical, ncharacteristic of a lens tha

20、tallows separate distinct points in close proximity to be dis-cerned when looking through the lens.3.1.13 dislodgement, nrelating to the movement or shift-ing during impact testing as described in section 8 that wouldresult in a gap between the lens and frame that did not existprior to the testing o

21、f more than 1.0 mm or the breaking free ofany EPD components within the interior chamber of the EPD.3.1.14 eye, nrelating to the eye of the headform or the eyeof a person wearing an EPD or that part of an EPD throughwhich a wearers eye would normally look.3.1.15 eye of the headform, nall structures

22、containedwithin the orbital rim of the headform.3.1.16 eye protective device (EPD), ndevice that providesprotection to the wearers eyes against specific hazards encoun-tered in sports.3.1.17 fracture, nany breach, rupture, or visible crack inthe lens.3.1.18 haze, nfraction of the total transmitted l

23、ight from anormally incident beam that is not transmitted in a focusedcondition but scattered by inclusions or surface defects.3.1.18.1 DiscussionExcessive haze will reduce contrastand visibility.3.1.19 headform, nas utilized within this standard for theas-worn assessment of EPDs, key dimensions of

24、which are asprovided in CSA Z262.6-02 or EN 168.3.1.20 lens, ntransparent part or parts of an EPD throughwhich the wearer normally sees.3.1.20.1 DiscussionThe most common configurations forlenses are single pane and thermal. Thermal lenses are con-structed with multiple panes providing a thermal bar

25、rier toreduce the effects of fogging. Some lenses may be treated withchemical solutions to reduce fogging.3.1.21 lens retention component(s), ncomponents, sepa-rate from the lens, that are designed to retain the lens in theframe or body of the EPD.3.1.22 luminous transmittance, nfunction of the spec

26、traltransmittance of the lens weighted by the correspondingordinates of the photopic luminous efficiency distribution ofthe CIE (1931) standard colorimetric observer and by thespectral intensity of standard Illumination C (seeANSI Z80.3).3.1.23 orbital area, narea contained in a circle r =20mmcenter

27、ed on the pupil of the headform.3.1.24 power imbalance, ncondition that exists when therefractive power created by the right lens of the EPD isdifferent from that of the left lens.3.1.25 prism, nangular deviation of a ray of light as itpasses through a lens resulting from the angle at which the rays

28、trikes each surface of the lens and the index of refraction ofthe material from which it is made.3.1.26 prism imbalance, n3.1.26.1 horizontal imbalance, ndifference in prismaticdeviation of incident parallel light beams on the two eyes of anEPD in the horizontal meridian (see base-in and base-out).3

29、.1.26.2 vertical imbalance, ndifference in prismatic de-viation between parallel light beams incident on the two eyesof an EPD in the vertical meridian.3.1.27 refractive power, nfocusing effect of a lens ex-pressed in diopters.3.1.28 spherical power, naverage of the maximum meridi-onal astigmatic po

30、wer and the minimum meridional astigmaticpower of a lens.3.1.29 tactical sport, nwithin the context of this standardan activity in which participants actively target and shoot ateach other with air soft projectiles using an air soft gun.4. Performance Requirements4.1 Optical Requirements:4.1.1 Field

31、 of ViewWhen tested in accordance with 7.1,the EPD shall have a field of view equal to or exceeding thefollowing:4.1.1.1 Temporal field50.4.1.1.2 Nasal field30.4.1.1.3 Superior field30.4.1.1.4 Inferior field30.4.1.2 Refractive TolerancesWhen tested in accordancewith 7.6, the spherical power shall no

32、t be less than 0.12diopters and shall not exceed +0.12 diopters.4.1.3 AstigmatismWhen tested in accordance with 7.6, theastigmatism shall not exceed 0.25 diopters.4.1.4 Power ImbalanceWhen tested in accordance with7.6, the power imbalance in corresponding meridians betweenthe two eyes for straight a

33、head seeing shall not exceed 0.18diopters.4.1.5 PrismWhen tested in accordance with 7.4 or 7.8, theprimary viewing position of either eye of a shield shall notexceed 0.5 prism diopters.4.1.6 Prism ImbalanceWhen tested in accordance with7.4 or 7.8, the prism imbalance shall meet the followingcriteria

34、:4.1.6.1 Vertical imbalanceIt shall not exceed +0.25 di-opters.F2879 1424.1.6.2 Horizontal imbalancesNegative values (base-in)shall not be less than 0.25 prism diopters, and positive values(base-out) shall not be more than +1.0 prism diopters.4.1.7 Luminous TransmittanceWhen tested in accordancewith

35、 7.3, the luminous transmittance shall not be less than 60% for clear lenses and not less than 17 % for tinted lensesunless labeled very dark in which case the minimum transmit-tance shall be no less than 8 %.4.1.8 HazeWhen tested in accordance with 7.5, the hazeof the EPD shall not exceed 3 %.4.1.9

36、 Optical QualityWithin the central viewing zone,striae, warpage, surface ripples, or other defects that areapparent under the optical inspection test conditions of 7.2shall be considered a failure. An exception is when smallspecks or inclusions, which are not seen when the lens is heldclose to the e

37、ye in the as-worn position, shall not be a cause ofrejection.4.1.10 Physical Lens DefectsWithin the central viewingzone, pits, scratches, grayness, bubbles, cracks, watermarks, orother defects that are apparent under the visible inspection testconditions of 7.7 shall be considered a failure. An exce

38、ption issmall specks or inclusions, which are not seen when the lens isheld close to the eye in the as-worn position, shall not be causeof rejection.4.2 Mechanical Requirements:4.2.1 When tested in accordance with 8.2.3 (high-velocityimpact test):4.2.1.1 Any visible damage of the lens or frame that

39、resultsin any component of the EPD to become dislodged inside theinterior chamber of the EPD or the entry of an air soft projectileas defined in 3.1.4 constitutes a failure,4.2.1.2 No contact by components of the EPD with theorbital area of the headform shall be permitted,4.2.1.3 Any dislodging of t

40、he lens from the frame consti-tutes a failure,4.2.1.4 Any dislodging of a lens retention component fromthe lens constitutes a failure, and4.2.1.5 Any opening in the frame or lens of EPD that wouldpermit contact of a 4.5 mm diameter +0.10 mm and -0.10 probeto the orbital area of the headform constitu

41、tes a failure. Nosignificant force is to be applied to force the probe through anyopening.4.2.2 When tested in accordance with 8.2.4 (lens retentiontest):4.2.2.1 Any visible fracture of the lens or frame constitutesa failure,4.2.2.2 No contact by components of the EPD or air softprojectile as define

42、d in 3.1.4 within the orbital area of theheadform shall be permitted,4.2.2.3 Any dislodging of the lens from the frame consti-tutes a failure,4.2.2.4 Any dislodging of a lens retention component fromthe lens constitutes a failure, and4.2.2.5 Any opening in the frame or lens of EPD that wouldpermit d

43、irect contact of a 4.5 mm diameter probe +0.10 mmand 0.10 to the orbital area of the headform constitutes afailure. No significant force is to be applied to force the probethrough any opening.4.3 Ventilation Openings Requirements:4.3.1 Any ventilation opening in the EPD that would permitdirect conta

44、ct of a 4.5 mm diameter probe +0.10 mm and 0.10to the orbital area of the headform constitutes a failure. Nosignificant force is to be applied to force the probe through anyopening. Any evaluation must be conducted with the EPDinstalled in accordance with the manufactures instructionmanual on the he

45、adform as specified in section 6.4.5. General Requirements5.1 Materials of Construction:5.1.1 The manufacturer is responsible that the materialsselected meet the following criteria and may confirm compli-ance by providing the testing laboratory with a declarationletter regarding the suitability of t

46、he materials for inclusionwith the final test report:5.1.2 Materials exposed to sunlight shall not undergo sig-nificant loss of physical properties.5.1.3 Materials coming into contact with the wearers faceshall not be of a type known to cause skin irritation.5.1.4 Materials coming into contact with

47、the wearers faceshall not undergo significant loss of strength, flexibility, orother physical change as a result of perspiration, oil, or greasefrom the wearers skin and hair.5.2 Openings:5.2.1 All openings in the EPD, such as those for ventilation,shall not allow the passage of a 4.5 mm diameter pr

48、obe +0.10mm and 0.10. In cases where a foam or air permeable barrieris used to cover ventilation openings of the EPD, the underly-ing structure (under the foam or air permeable barrier) shall notallow the passage of a 4.5 mm diameter probe +0.10 mm and0.10.5.2.2 All opening for ventilation on the EP

49、D shall beinspected by the method described in 4.3.6. Sample Preparation6.1 Eye Protective Devices:6.1.1 Only new and complete EPDs as offered for sale shallbe tested.6.1.2 A minimum of nine EPDs will be required for thetests.6.1.3 The EPD and the air soft projectiles shall be condi-tioned for a minimum of 4 hours at the specified temperaturebefore each test.6.2 Test Temperatures:6.2.1 Cold Test, 12.2 6 2C.6.2.2 Ambient Temperature, 23 6 2C.6.2.3 Hot Test, 37.8 6 2C.6.3 Air soft ProjectilesAir soft projectil