ASTM F2879-2016 Standard Specification for Eye Protective Devices for Airsoft Sports《气枪运动眼部保护装置的标准规格》.pdf

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1、Designation: F2879 14F2879 16Standard Specification forEye Protective Devices for Airsoft Sports1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2879; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.

2、A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification applies to eye protective devices (EPDs) designed for use by participants in the sport of air soft airsoftwith 6-m

3、m air soft airsoft projectiles. These EPDs are designed to minimize or significantly reduce injury to the eye and adnexaas a result of impact and penetration of air soft airsoft projectiles.1.2 When air soft airsoft guns are used for target practice with a paper or gel target and a backstop sufficie

4、nt to prevent ricochet,shooters may wear eye protection (shooting glasses) appropriate for use with firearms, ball bullet (BB) guns or air guns that meetANSI Z87.1. The balance of this specification applies to EPDs designed for use by participants in tactical sports using air softairsoft guns.1.3 EP

5、Ds meeting the requirements of this specification offer protection to the eyes and adnexa and not necessarily to any otherparts of the head.1.4 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This specification doe

6、s not limit the wearing of eyeglasses or contact lenses when used in conjunction with the EPD basedon the information provided by the manufacturer in section 9.2.21.1.6 The following information is provided for the laboratory conducting the test for the protection of their personnel: Thisstandard do

7、es not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations priorto use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Stand

8、ards:2D1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent PlasticsF2679 Specification for 6 mm Projectiles Used with Airsoft GunsF2748 Specification for Airsoft Guns2.2 ANSI Standards:3Z80.3 Requirements for Nonprescription Sunglasses and Fashion EyewearZ87.1 Practice for Occupation

9、al and Educational Eye and Face Protectors2.3 CSA Standard:4Z262.6-02 Specifications for Facially Featured Headforms2.4 EN Standard:5EN 168 Personal Eye ProtectionNon-Optical Test MethodSection 17 Headforms3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 adnexa, nadjunct parts

10、of the eye, including the orbit, orbital contents, eyelids, and the lacrimal apparatus.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F08.57 on Eye Safety for Sports.Current ed

11、ition approved Dec. 1, 2014Nov. 1, 2016. Published December 2014November 2016. Originally approved in 2014. Last previous edition approved in 2014 asF2879 14. DOI: 10.1520/F2879-14.10.1520/F2879-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service a

12、t serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4 Available from Canadian Standard

13、s Association (CSA), 5060 Spectrum Way, Mississauga, ON L4W 5N6, Canada, http:/www.csa.ca.5 Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium, http:/www.cen.eu.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an

14、ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as publish

15、ed by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.2 air soft airsoft field, narea where participants actively target and shoot each other with air soft airsoft projectiles usingai

16、r soft airsoft guns.3.1.3 air soft airsoft gun, ndevice specifically designed to expel air soft airsoft projectiles as the result of the release of energyby compressed air, compressed carbon dioxide (CO2), mechanical springs, battery, or a combination thereof as defined inSpecification F2748.3.1.4 a

17、ir soft airsoft projectile, n6 mm projectiles used with an air soft airsoft gun which is defined in Specification F2679.3.1.5 astigmatism, ncondition in a lens that creates two axially separated line foci of each object point, the lines beingmutually perpendicular; in other words, the lens has two d

18、ifferent refractive powers in meridians that are 90 apart.3.1.6 base-in, adjrelating to the type of prism imbalance that tends to cause parallel rays of light passing through a EPD,spaced apart by the interpupillary distance, to converge.3.1.7 base-out, adjrelating to the type of prism imbalance tha

19、t tends to cause parallel rays of light passing through an EPD,spaced apart by the interpupillary distance, to diverge.3.1.8 binocular, adjrelating to the field of view that is shared by both eyes simultaneously.3.1.9 central viewing zone, nthat part of a lens that has its center in line with the we

20、arers line of sight when looking straightahead.3.1.9.1 DiscussionThe zone is circular in shape. For the purpose of this specification, it shall be considered to be 38 mm in diameter. The center ofthe central viewing zone shall be the point of intersection of the line of sight with the lens as mounte

21、d on the headform, as specifiedby the manufacturer.3.1.10 corneal apex, nthe most anterior point of the cornea when the eye is in the primary position.3.1.11 cleanable, advability of an EPD to be made readily free of dirt or grime without being damaged during an appropriatecleaning process, such as

22、the use of soap and water.3.1.12 definition, optical, ncharacteristic of a lens that allows separate distinct points in close proximity to be discerned whenlooking through the lens.3.1.13 dislodgement, nrelating to the movement or shifting during impact testing as described in section 8 that would r

23、esultin a gap between the lens and frame that did not exist prior to the testing of more than 1.0 mm or the breaking free of any EPDcomponents within the interior chamber of the EPD.3.1.14 eye, nrelating to the eye of the headform or the eye of a person wearing an EPD or that part of an EPD through

24、whicha wearers eye would normally look.3.1.15 eye of the headform, nall structures contained within the orbital rim of the headform.3.1.16 eye protective device (EPD), ndevice that provides protection to the wearers eyes against specific hazards encounteredin sports.3.1.17 fracture, nany breach, rup

25、ture, or visible crack in the lens.3.1.18 haze, nfraction of the total transmitted light from a normally incident beam that is not transmitted in a focusedcondition but scattered by inclusions or surface defects.3.1.18.1 DiscussionExcessive haze will reduce contrast and visibility.3.1.19 headform, n

26、as utilized within this standard for the as-worn assessment of EPDs, key dimensions of which are asprovided in CSA Z262.6-02 or EN 168.3.1.20 lens, ntransparent part or parts of an EPD through which the wearer normally sees.3.1.20.1 DiscussionThe most common configurations for lenses are single pane

27、 and thermal. Thermal lenses are constructed with multiple panesproviding a thermal barrier to reduce the effects of fogging. Some lenses may be treated with chemical solutions to reduce fogging.3.1.21 lens retention component(s), ncomponents, separate from the lens, that are designed to retain the

28、lens in the frame orbody of the EPD.F2879 1623.1.22 luminous transmittance, nfunction of the spectral transmittance of the lens weighted by the corresponding ordinatesof the photopic luminous efficiency distribution of the CIE (1931) standard colorimetric observer and by the spectral intensity ofsta

29、ndard Illumination C (see ANSI Z80.3).3.1.23 orbital area, narea contained in a circle r = 20 mm centered on the pupil of the headform.3.1.24 power imbalance, ncondition that exists when the refractive power created by the right lens of the EPD is differentfrom that of the left lens.3.1.25 prism, na

30、ngular deviation of a ray of light as it passes through a lens resulting from the angle at which the ray strikeseach surface of the lens and the index of refraction of the material from which it is made.3.1.26 prism imbalance, n3.1.26.1 horizontal imbalance, ndifference in prismatic deviation of inc

31、ident parallel light beams on the two eyes of an EPDin the horizontal meridian (see base-in and base-out).3.1.26.2 vertical imbalance, ndifference in prismatic deviation between parallel light beams incident on the two eyes of anEPD in the vertical meridian.3.1.27 refractive power, nfocusing effect

32、of a lens expressed in diopters.3.1.28 spherical power, naverage of the maximum meridional astigmatic power and the minimum meridional astigmaticpower of a lens.3.1.29 tactical sport, nwithin the context of this standard an activity in which participants actively target and shoot at eachother with a

33、ir soft airsoft projectiles using an air soft airsoft gun.4. Performance Requirements4.1 Optical Requirements:4.1.1 Field of ViewWhen tested in accordance with 7.1, the EPD shall have a field of view equal to or exceeding the following:4.1.1.1 Temporal field50.4.1.1.2 Nasal field30.4.1.1.3 Superior

34、field30.4.1.1.4 Inferior field30.4.1.2 Refractive TolerancesWhen tested in accordance with 7.6, the spherical power shall not be less than 0.12 diopters andshall not exceed +0.12 diopters.4.1.3 AstigmatismWhen tested in accordance with 7.6, the astigmatism shall not exceed 0.25 diopters.4.1.4 Power

35、ImbalanceWhen tested in accordance with 7.6, the power imbalance in corresponding meridians between the twoeyes for straight ahead seeing shall not exceed 0.18 diopters.4.1.5 PrismWhen tested in accordance with 7.4 or 7.8, the primary viewing position of either eye of a shield shall not exceed0.5 pr

36、ism diopters.4.1.6 Prism ImbalanceWhen tested in accordance with 7.4 or 7.8, the prism imbalance shall meet the following criteria:4.1.6.1 Vertical imbalanceIt shall not exceed +0.25 diopters.4.1.6.2 Horizontal imbalancesNegative values (base-in) shall not be less than 0.25 prism diopters, and posit

37、ive values(base-out) shall not be more than +1.0 prism diopters.4.1.7 Luminous TransmittanceWhen tested in accordance with 7.3, the luminous transmittance shall not be less than 60 % forclear lenses and not less than 17 % for tinted lenses unless labeled very dark in which case the minimum transmitt

38、ance shall beno less than 8 %.4.1.8 HazeWhen tested in accordance with 7.5, the haze of the EPD shall not exceed 3 %.4.1.9 Optical QualityWithin the central viewing zone, striae, warpage, surface ripples, or other defects that are apparent underthe optical inspection test conditions of 7.2 shall be

39、considered a failure. An exception is when small specks or inclusions, whichare not seen when the lens is held close to the eye in the as-worn position, shall not be a cause of rejection.4.1.10 Physical Lens DefectsWithin the central viewing zone, pits, scratches, grayness, bubbles, cracks, watermar

40、ks, or otherdefects that are apparent under the visible inspection test conditions of 7.7 shall be considered a failure. An exception is smallspecks or inclusions, which are not seen when the lens is held close to the eye in the as-worn position, shall not be cause ofrejection.4.2 Mechanical Require

41、ments:4.2.1 When tested in accordance with 8.2.3 (high-velocity impact test):4.2.1.1 Any visible damage of the lens or frame that results in any component of the EPD to become dislodged inside the interiorchamber of the EPD or the entry of an air soft airsoft projectile as defined in 3.1.4 constitut

42、es a failure,4.2.1.2 No contact by components of the EPD with the orbital area of the headform shall be permitted,4.2.1.3 Any dislodging of the lens from the frame constitutes a failure,4.2.1.4 Any dislodging of a lens retention component from the lens constitutes a failure, andF2879 1634.2.1.5 Any

43、opening in the frame or lens of EPD that would permit contact of a 4.5 mm diameter +0.10 mm and -0.10 probeto the orbital area of the headform constitutes a failure. No significant force is to be applied to force the probe through any opening.4.2.2 When tested in accordance with 8.2.4 (lens retentio

44、n test):4.2.2.1 Any visible fracture of the lens or frame constitutes a failure,4.2.2.2 No contact by components of the EPD or air soft airsoft projectile as defined in 3.1.4 within the orbital area of theheadform shall be permitted,4.2.2.3 Any dislodging of the lens from the frame constitutes a fai

45、lure,4.2.2.4 Any dislodging of a lens retention component from the lens constitutes a failure, and4.2.2.5 Any opening in the frame or lens of EPD that would permit direct contact of a 4.5 mm diameter probe +0.10 mm and0.10 to the orbital area of the headform constitutes a failure. No significant for

46、ce is to be applied to force the probe through anyopening.4.3 Ventilation Openings Requirements: RequirementsAny ventilation opening in the EPD that would permit direct contactof a 4.5 mm diameter probe +0.10 mm and 0.10 to the orbital area of the headform constitutes a failure. No significant force

47、 isto be applied to force the probe through any opening.Any evaluation must be conducted with the EPD installed in accordance withthe manufactures instruction manual on the headform as specified in section 6.4.5. General Requirements5.1 Materials of Construction:5.1.1 The manufacturer is responsible

48、 that the materials selected meet the following criteria and may confirm compliance byproviding the testing laboratory with a declaration letter regarding the suitability of the materials for inclusion with the final testreport:5.1.2 Materials exposed to sunlight shall not undergo significant loss o

49、f physical properties.5.1.3 Materials coming into contact with the wearers face shall not be of a type known to cause skin irritation.5.1.4 Materials coming into contact with the wearers face shall not undergo significant loss of strength, flexibility, or otherphysical change as a result of perspiration, oil, or grease from the wearers skin and hair.5.2 Openings:5.2.1 All openings in the EPD, such as those for ventilation, shall not allow the passage of a 4.5 mm diameter probe +0.10 mmand 0.10. In cases whe