ASTM F2613-2014 Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Children&rsquo s Chairs and Stools《儿童椅子和凳子的标准消费者安全规格》.pdf

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1、Designation: F2613 14Standard Consumer Safety Specification forChildrens Chairs and Stools1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2613; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numb

2、er in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis consumer safety specification addresses incidents associated with childrens chairs and stoolsthat were identified by the U.S. Consumer

3、 Product Safety Commission (CPSC). Incidents identifiedby the CPSC and addressed in this standard involve lacerations, fractures, pinches and amputations ofchildrens fingers in folding mechanisms. This specification also addresses structural integrity andlabeling for the product. This specification

4、is not intended to cover childrens chairs and stools that areeither blatantly misused or abused. This specification is written within current state-of-the-artchildrens chairs and stools and is intended to be updated if substantive information becomes availablethat necessitates additional requirement

5、s or justifies revision of existing requirements.1. Scope1.1 This consumer safety specification establishes testingrequirements for structural integrity and performance require-ments for childrens chairs and stools. It also provides require-ments for labeling. The standard does not apply to products

6、used in a commercial setting or to products that do not have arigid frame such as bean bag chairs or foam chairs. Thisstandard does not apply to seats with restraint systems. Theterm unit or product will refer to a childs chair or stool.1.2 This specification covers a chair or stool intended to beus

7、ed by a single child who can get in and get out of the productunassisted and with a seat height 15 in. or less, with or withouta rocking base.1.3 No product produced after the approval date of thisconsumer safety specification shall, either by label or othermeans, indicate compliance with this speci

8、fication unless itconforms to all applicable requirements contained herein,before and after all testing.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not c

9、onsidered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to

10、use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestF404 Consumer Safety Specification for High ChairsF406 Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Full-SizeBaby Cribs/Play YardsF963 Consumer Safety Specification for Toy SafetyF1561 Performance Requireme

11、nts for Plastic Chairs forOutdoor Use2.2 Federal Regulations:316 CFR 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and CertainConsumer Products Bearing Lead-Containing Paint16 CFR 1500.3 (c) (6) (vi) Definition of “Flammable Solid”16 CFR 1500.48 Technical Requirements for Determining aSharp Point In Toys and Ot

12、her Articles Intended for UseBy Children Under Eight Years of Age16 CFR 1500.49 Technical Requirements for Determining aSharp Metal or Glass Edge in Toys or Other ArticlesIntended for Use By Children Under Eight Years of Age16 CFR 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and Other Ar-ticles Intended for Use

13、 By Children Under Three Years ofAge Which Present Choking, Aspiration, or IngestionHazards Because of Small Parts1This consumer safety specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Commit-tee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF15.59 on Childrens Folding Chai

14、rs.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014. Published October 2014. Originallyapproved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as F2613 13. DOI:10.1520/F2613-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual

15、Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.Copyright ASTM International, 1

16、00 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 childrens chair, nseating furniture with a rigidframe that is intended to be used as a support for the body,limbs, or feet of a child when sitting

17、 or resting in an upright orreclining position.3.1.2 childrens stool, nchildrens chair without back orarmrests.3.1.3 conspicuous, adjdescribes a label that is visible,when the unit is in a manufacturers recommended useposition, to a person standing near the unit at any one positionaround the unit bu

18、t not necessarily visible from all positions.3.1.4 folding chair, folding stool, na childrens chair orstool which can be folded for transport or storage.3.1.5 manufacturers recommended use position, nanyposition that is presented by the manufacturer in any descrip-tive or instructional literature as

19、 a normal, allowable, oracceptable configuration for use of the product. This specifi-cally excludes positions that the manufacturer shows in a likemanner in its literature to be unacceptable, unsafe, or notrecommended.3.1.6 non-paper label, nlabel material (such as plastic ormetal) that either will

20、 not tear without the aid of tools or tearsleaving a sharply defined edge or labels made from fabric.3.1.7 occupant, nthat individual who is in a product that isset up in one of the manufacturers recommended use posi-tions.3.1.8 paper label, nany label material that tears withoutthe aid of tools and

21、 leaves a fibrous edge.3.1.9 rigid frame, nconstructed with a frame of rigidmaterials such as wood, plastic, or metal.4. Calibration and Standardization4.1 All testing shall be conducted on a concrete floor thatmay be covered with18-in. (3-mm) thick vinyl flooring cover,unless test instructs differe

22、ntly.4.2 The unit shall be completely assembled, unless other-wise noted, in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.4.3 No testing shall be conducted within 48 h of manufac-turing.4.4 The product to be tested shall be preconditioned in aroom with ambient temperature of 73 6 9F (23 6 5C) for

23、atleast 1 h prior to testing. Testing shall then be conducted withinthis temperature range.4.5 All testing required by this specification shall be con-ducted on the same unit unless otherwise specified.5. General Requirements5.1 Prior to testing, any exposed wood parts shall be smoothand free of spl

24、inters.5.2 There shall be no hazardous sharp points or edges asdefined by 16 CFR 1500.48 and 16 CFR 1500.49 before orafter testing to this specification.5.3 There shall be no small parts, as defined by 16 CFR1501, before testing or liberated as a result of testing inaccordance with this specificatio

25、n.5.4 The paint and surface coating on the product shallcomply with 16 CFR 1303.5.5 There shall be no flammable solids as defined in 16 CFR1500.3 (c) (6) (vi) before or after testing in accordance withthis specification.5.6 Toy accessories attached to, removable from, or soldwith a product, as well

26、as their means of attachment, must meetapplicable requirements of Consumer Safety SpecificationF963.5.7 Scissoring, Shearing, or Pinching (for folding chairsand folding stools only)A product, when folded, when beingunfolded, or when in the manufacturers recommended useposition, shall be designed and

27、 constructed to prevent injury tothe occupant from any scissoring, shearing, or pinching whenmembers or components rotate about a common axis orfastening point, slide, pivot, fold, or otherwise move relative toone another. Scissoring, shearing, or pinching that may causeinjury shall not be permissib

28、le when the edges of the rigid partsadmit a probe that is greater than 0.210 in. (5.30 mm) and lessthan 0.375 in. (9.50 mm) diameter at any accessible pointthroughout the range of motion of such parts.5.7.1 Products with locking mechanisms that meet therequirements of 5.8.3, to prevent folding and u

29、nfolding by achild, shall only be evaluated in the manufacturers recom-mended use position.5.8 Folding Mechanisms and Hinges (for folding chairs andfolding stools only)These requirements are intended to elimi-nate possible crushing, laceration, or pinching hazards thatmight occur in folding mechanis

30、ms and hinges. Examples arethe sudden collapse or unexpected motion of a folding mecha-nism or hinge that produces a scissor action; and the changingclearances at the hinge line between two hinged portions, suchthat the gap will admit fingers at one position of the hinge butnot at all positions.5.8.

31、1 Folding MechanismsProducts shall have a lockingdevice or other means to prevent unexpected or suddenmovement or collapse of the product, or have adequateclearance to provide protection for the fingers, hands, and toesfrom crushing or laceration in the event of sudden movementor collapse of the pro

32、duct.5.8.2 Locking devices and other means to prevent unex-pected or sudden movement or collapse of the product shallengage automatically when the product is placed in anymanufacturers recommended use position. Latches may bemanually activated to allow placement into the use position butmust engage

33、automatically when released. During and uponcompletion of the testing in 6.1, the unit shall remain in itsrecommended use position.5.8.3 If a unit is designed with a locking device:5.8.3.1 Each single action device shall require a minimumforce of 10 lbf (45 N) to activate the release mechanism whent

34、ested in accordance with 6.2.5.8.3.2 Each double action locking device shall requireeither two consecutive actions, the first of which must beF2613 142maintained while the second is carried out, or two separate andindependent single action locking mechanisms that must beactivated simultaneously to f

35、ully release. There are no forcerequirements for locking devices that are double action or aresingle action that are activated simultaneously.5.8.4 Hinge Line ClearanceProducts having a gap orclearance along the hinge line between a stationary portion anda movable portion shall be so constructed tha

36、t, if the accessiblegap at the hinge line will admit a316-in. (5-mm) diameter rod,it will also admit a12-in. (13-mm) diameter rod at all positionsof the hinge.5.8.5 No product shall give the appearance of being in anymanufacturers recommended use position unless the lockingdevice is fully engaged.5.

37、9 Circular Holes in Rigid MaterialsThis requirement isintended to prevent finger entrapment (which may cut off bloodcirculation) in accessible holes in sheet metal and other rigidmaterials (non-circular holes are believed to present no signifi-cant hazard of cutting off blood circulation in entrappe

38、dfingers). If an accessible, circular hole in any rigid material lessthan 0.062 in. (1.58 mm) in thickness can admit a14-in.(6-mm) diameter rod to a depth of38 in. (10 mm) or greater, itshall also admit a12-in. (13-mm) diameter rod. The productshall be evaluated in all manufacturers recommended usep

39、ositions.5.9.1 RationaleBased on requirements for toys from Con-sumer Safety Specification F963, since the age range ofchildren using chairs and stools is similar to that for childrenusing toys.5.10 Labeling:5.10.1 Warning labels (whether paper or non-paper) shall bepermanent when tested in accordan

40、ce with 6.3.5.10.2 Warning statements applied directly onto the surfaceof the product by hot stamping, heat transfer, printing, woodburning, and so forth shall be permanent when tested inaccordance with 6.4.5.10.3 Non-paper labels shall not liberate small parts whentested in accordance with 6.5.5.11

41、 Protective ComponentsIf the child can grasp compo-nents between the thumb and forefinger or teeth (such as caps,sleeves, or plugs used for protection from sharp edges, points,or entrapment of fingers or toes), or if there is at least a0.040-in. (1.00-mm) gap between the component and itsadjacent pa

42、rent component, such component shall not beremoved when tested in accordance with 6.6.5.12 Strength RequirementsProducts shall be tested inaccordance with 6.7, and shall not generate any sharp edges,sharp corners, sharp points, or any scissoring, shearing or pinchpoints. The product shall remain fun

43、ctional upon completion ofthe testing. Some deformation of the product is permissibleprovided that the preceding requirements are met. Theserequirements shall apply to products with either rigid seatingsurfaces or sling-type flexible seating surfaces suspended froma frame (for example, directors cha

44、irs) regardless of whetherthe available seating width of the product is limited by astructure such as arm rests.5.13 StabilityAll products shall not tip over backwardwhen tested in accordance with 6.8.6. Test Methods6.1 Locking Mechanisms (for folding chairs and foldingstools only):6.1.1 Erect the p

45、roduct in accordance with any manufactur-ers instructions.6.1.2 Secure the product so that the normal folding motionis not impeded.6.1.3 Apply a force of 45 lbf (200 N) to the product in thedirection normally associated with folding. Apply the forcegradually over a 5-s period and maintain for an add

46、itional 10 sbefore releasing the force.6.1.4 Perform this procedure five times within a 2-minperiod.6.2 Locking Test Method (for folding chairs and foldingstools only)With the product in each of the manufacturersrecommended use positions, gradually apply a force of 10 lbf(45 N) to the locking mechan

47、ism in the direction tending tounlock it. The locking mechanism shall not unlock until aminimum force of 10 lbf (45 N) has been achieved.6.3 Permanency of Labels and Warnings:6.3.1 A paper label (excluding labels attached by a seam)shall be considered permanent if, during an attempt to removeit with

48、out the aid of tools or solvents, it cannot be removed, ittears into pieces upon removal, or such action damages thesurface to which it is attached.6.3.2 A non-paper label (excluding labels attached by aseam) shall be considered permanent if, during an attempt toremove it without the aid of tools or

49、 solvents, it cannot beremoved or such action damages the surface to which it isattached.6.3.3 A warning label attached by a seam shall be consid-ered permanent if it does not detach when subjected to a 15-lbf(67-N) pull force applied in any direction most likely to causefailure using a34-in. (19-mm) diameter clamp surface (see Fig.1). Gradually apply the force over 5 s and maintain for anadditional 10 s.6.4 Adhesion test for warnings applied directly onto thesurface of the product.6.4.1 Apply the tape test defined in Test Method