ASTM F606 F606M-2016 Standard Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Properties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners Washers Direct Tension Indicators and Rivets《测定.pdf

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1、Designation: F606/F606M 16Standard Test Methods forDetermining the Mechanical Properties of Externally andInternally Threaded Fasteners, Washers, Direct TensionIndicators, and Rivets1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F606/F606M; the number immediately following the designation indi

2、cates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of

3、 the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 These test methods cover establishment of proceduresfor conducting tests to determine the mechanical properties ofexternally and internally threaded fasteners, washers, directtension indicators, and rivets.1.2 Property requirements and the applicable test

4、s for theirdetermination are specified in individual product standards. Inthose instances where the testing requirements are unique or atvariance with these standard procedures, the product standardshall specify the controlling testing requirements. In theabsence of any specified test requirement(s)

5、, these test methodsshall apply.1.3 These test methods describe mechanical tests for deter-mining the following properties:SectionFor Externally Threaded Fasteners: 3Product Hardness 3.1Proof Load 3.2.1Method 1, Length Measurement 3.2.3Method 2, Yield Strength 3.2.4Method 3, Uniform Hardness 3.2.5Ax

6、ial Tension Testing of Full-Size Product 3.4Wedge Tension Testing of Full-Size Product 3.5Tension Testing of Machined Test Specimens 3.6Total Extension at Fracture TestSingle Sheer Test3.73.8For Internally Threaded Fasteners: 4Product Hardness 4.1Proof Load Test 4.2Cone Proof Load Test 4.3For Washer

7、s and Direct Tension Indicators: 5Product Hardness-General Requirements 5.1Through Hardened Washers 5.2Carburized Washers 5.3Stainless Steel and Nonferrous Washers 5.4Direct Tension Indicators 5.5Compression Load 5.6For Rivets: 6Product Hardness 6.1Test for Embrittlement of Metallic-Coated Externall

8、y ThreadedFasteners7Test Method for Determining Decarburization and Carburization 81.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of

9、 the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.NOTE 1The values are stated in inch-pound for inch fasteners and SImetric units for metric fasteners.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its us

10、e. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A394 Specification for Steel Transmission Tower Bolts,Zinc-Coated and BareE

11、4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-terialsE10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic MaterialsE18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-terialsE83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-someter

12、 SystemsE92 Test Methods for Vickers Hardness and Knoop Hard-ness of Metallic MaterialsE384 Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of Mate-rialsF436/F436M Specification for Hardened Steel Washers Inch1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 onFasteners and are the dire

13、ct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.01 on TestMethods.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2016. Published September 2016. Originallyapproved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as F606 14a1. DOI:10.1520/F0606_F0606M-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org,

14、 orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700,

15、 West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1and Metric DimensionsF959 Specification for Compressible-Washer-Type DirectTension Indicators for Use with Structural FastenersF1624 Test Method for Measurement of Hydrogen Em-brittlement Threshold in Steel by the Incremental StepLoading TechniqueF232

16、8 Test Method for Determining Decarburization andCarburization in Hardened and Tempered Threaded SteelBolts, Screws, Studs, and NutsF2328M Test Method for Determining Decarburization andCarburization in Hardened and Tempered Threaded SteelBolts, Screws, Studs, and Nuts (Metric)2.2 Military Standard:

17、3MIL STD 1312, Test 13 and Test 203. Test Methods for Externally Threaded Fasteners3.1 Product HardnessTests shall be conducted after theremoval of any surface oxide, decarburization, plating or othercoating. All readings shall be within the hardness values listedin the product specification. The av

18、erage of all readings on thesame part shall be considered as the product hardness. Testresults shall conform to the product specification for the lotrepresented by the test specimens to be considered conforming.Test specimen preparation and hardness tests shall be con-ducted in accordance with Test

19、Methods E18 for Rockwelltests, Test Method E10 for Brinell tests, Test Method E92 forVickers tests, or Test Method E384 for Microhardness tests.The method used is at the option of the manufacturer, withregards to the size and grade of the products.3.1.1 Routine Test LocationsFor testing the hardness

20、 ofthe finished product, the following test locations can be used:3.1.1.1 For hex and square head bolts; test shall be con-ducted on the wrench flats, top of head, unthreaded shank, endof bolt or at the arbitration location.3.1.1.2 For studs, products without parallel wrench flats andfor head styles

21、 other than hex and square; tests shall beconducted on the unthreaded shank, end of the bolt or stud orat the arbitration location.3.1.1.3 Stress relieved products (3.1.1.1 and 3.1.1.2) aremeasured anywhere on the surface or through the cross section.Refer to the product specification for particular

22、 test location oruse the arbitration location.3.1.1.4 The Rockwell Hardness Scale may be used for allproduct diameters; however, the Brinell hardness is limited toproducts over 112-in. or M36.3.1.2 Laboratory InspectionA minimum of three readingsshall be taken on each sample of finished product.3.1.

23、3 Arbitration Test LocationFor purposes of arbitrationbetween the purchaser and seller over reported test results,hardness tests shall be conducted at the mid-radius (r/2) of atransverse section through the threads taken at a distance ofapproximately one diameter from the point end of the bolt orone

24、 end of the stud. Four readings shall be taken from the pointend of the bolt or one end of the stud. Four readings shall betaken approximately 90 to one another on the same plane, ifproduct size permits. Smaller diameter products may also usethe opposite parallel surface area of the bolt head end as

25、sectioned above (see Fig. 1). The use of Brinell hardness forarbitration testing is limited to product sizes greater than214-in. or M60.3.2 Tension TestsIt is preferred that bolts and studs betested full size, and it is customary, when so testing, to specifya minimum ultimate load (or stress) in pou

26、nds-force (orpounds-force per square inch.) for inch fasteners and or load innewtons-force or megapascals MPa for metric fasteners. Sec-tions 3.2 3.5 apply when testing externally threaded fastenersfull size. Section 3.6 shall apply where the individual productspecifications permit the use of machin

27、ed specimens (see TestMethods E8/E8M).3.2.1 Proof LoadThe proof-load test consists of stressingthe product with a specified load that the product mustwithstand without measurable permanent set. Alternative tests3DLA Document Services Building 4/D 700 Robbins Avenue Philadelphia, PA19111-5094 http:/q

28、uicksearch.dla.mil/FIG. 1 Hardness Arbitration Test LocationF606/F606M 162for determining the ability of a fastener to pass the proof-loadtest are the yield strength test and the uniform hardness test.Either Method 1 (3.2.3), Method 2 (3.2.4), or Method 3 (3.2.5)may be used, but Method 1 shall be th

29、e arbitration method incase of any dispute as to acceptance of the product (see TestMethods E8/E8M).3.2.2 In both Methods 1 and 2, assemble the product in thefixture of the tension testing machine so that six completethreads (except for heavy hex structural bolts, which shall bebased on four threads

30、) are exposed between the grips. This isobtained by freely running the nut or fixture to the threadrunout of the specimen and then unscrewing the specimen sixfull turns. For continuous thread bolts, at least six full threadsshall be exposed between the fixture ends; however, for refereepurposes, six

31、 full threads shall be exposed.3.2.3 Method 1, Length MeasurementTo ensure consistentand repetitive length measurements of the fastener, thethreaded end and top of the bolt head shall have conicaldepressions made at the approximate axis or center line of thefastener. In the event of a dispute over t

32、est results the test shallbe conducted after the removal of all manufacturer or grademarkings, surface oxide, decarburization, plating, othercoating, or a combination thereof, to achieve a clean, flatsurface and the conical depressions shall be created using alathe or some type of centering fixture.

33、 All debris shall beremoved from the conical depressions before measuring thepart. When fasteners are too long to test in the availableequipment the fastener may be cut to 8 inches 6 0.125 for inchfasteners or a length of 200 mm 6 3.0 mm for metric fastenersand tested using Method 1. If there is a d

34、ispute over resultswhen testing the same part or lot of parts, both full size and cutfastener the cut fastener results shall be used to determineacceptance. The measuring instrument shall have pointedanvils which mate with the center line depressions and becapable of measuring changes in length of 0

35、.0001 in. for inchfasteners and 0.0025 mm for metric fasteners. The instrumentaccuracy shall be within 0.0001 in. in any 0.001 in. range forinch parts and within 0.0025 mm accuracy within any 0.025mm range for metric parts. Place the fastener between themeasuring anvils. The fastener shall be rotate

36、d at least 360degrees to assure sound seating. At the position where thelowest value is indicated the instrument shall be zeroed or theindicated measurement shall be recorded. If using a boltextensometer, the bolt with attached extensometer may beassembled into the tension testing machine. If not, m

37、ark thefastener so it may be placed as close as possible to the sameposition for the second reading. Remove and assemble thefastener into the tension testing machine as outlined in 3.4.With a test speed which shall not exceed 0.12 in./min for inchfasteners and 3.0 mm/min for metric fasteners, as det

38、erminedwith a free-running cross head, axially load the fastener to theproof load value specified in the product specification. Thisload shall be maintained for a period of 10 s before releasingthe load. Replace the fastener between the measuring anvilsand rotate at least 360 degrees as before. The

39、fastener shall bestopped at the position where the lowest value is indicated. Themeasurement shall show no permanent elongation. A toleranceof 60.0005 in. for inch fasteners and 6 0.013 mm for metricfasteners shall be allowed (for measurement error only) be-tween the measurement made before loading

40、and that madeafter loading. Variables such as straightness, thread alignment,or measurement error could result in apparent elongation of theproduct when the specified proof load is initially applied. Insuch cases, the product may be retested using a 3 % greaterload, and shall be considered acceptabl

41、e if there is no differ-ence in the length measurement after this loading within a0.0005 in. for inch fasteners and 6 0.013 mm for metricfasteners, measurement tolerance as outlined.3.2.4 Method 2, Yield StrengthAssemble the product inthe testing equipment as outlined in 3.4.As the load is applied,m

42、easure and record the total elongation of the product or anypart of it that includes the exposed threads to produce aload-elongation diagram. Determine the load or stress at anoffset equal to 0.2 % of the length of bolt occupied by six fullthreads as shown in Fig. 2 (except for heavy hex structuralb

43、olts, which shall be based on four threads) by the methoddescribed in 3.6.3.1.3.2.4.1 Method 2A, Yield Strength for Austenitic StainlessSteel and Non-ferrous MaterialsAssemble the product in thetesting equipment as outlined in 3.4. As the load is applied,measure and record the total elongation of th

44、e product in orderto produce a load elongation diagram. Determine the load orstress at an offset equal to 0.2 % strain based on the length ofthe bolt between the holders as shown in Fig. 2, which will besubject to elongation under load by using the method describedin 3.6.3.1.3.2.5 Method 3, Uniform

45、HardnessThe fasteners shall betested for hardness as described in 3.1, and in addition, thehardness shall also be determined in the core. The differencebetween the mid-radius and core hardness shall be not morethan 3 points on a Rockwell C Scale; and both readings mustbe within product specification

46、. This test is valid for fastenersup to and including 1 in. for inch fasteners and M24 diameterfor metric fasteners.3.3 Bolts or Studs Too Short for Tension TestingProductlengths less than those shown in Table 1 for product14 through34 in. for inch fasteners and M5 through M20 for metricfasteners in

47、 diameter and less than three diameters in length forproduct above34 in. and M20 in diameter, or that do not havesufficient threads for proper engagement and still leave thespecified number of complete threads exposed between thegrips, shall be deemed too short for tension testing, andacceptance sha

48、ll be based on a hardness test performed inaccordance with 3.1. If tests other than product hardness arerequired, their requirements should be referenced in the prod-uct specification. When differences in tensile testing lengthsexist between this standard and product standards, the require-ments of

49、the product standard shall take precedence. Minimumlength in Table 1 indicates the nominal specified length of aninch fastener (that is an A449 Hex Cap Screw size is specifiedas12-13118 indicates 118 in. is the nominal length) andTable 2 for a metric fastener for size M12 30 indicates thenominal length is 30 mm.3.4 Axial Tension Testing of Full-Size Products:3.4.1 Bolts may be tested in a holder with the load axiallyapplied between the head and a nut or suitable fixture (Fig. 2),F606/F606M 163either of which shall have sufficient thread engagement todeve