ASTM F433-2002(2009) Standard Practice for Evaluating Thermal Conductivity of Gasket Materials《衬垫材料的导热性评定的标准实施规程》.pdf
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1、Designation: F 433 02 (Reapproved 2009)Standard Practice forEvaluating Thermal Conductivity of Gasket Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 433; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers a means of measuring the amountof heat transfer quantitatively through a material or system.1.2 T
3、his practice is similar to the Heat Flow Meter Systemof Test Method C 518, but modified to accommodate small testsamples of higher thermal conductance.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does n
4、ot purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standar
5、ds:2C 518 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal TransmissionProperties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter ApparatusD 2214 Test Method for Estimating the Thermal Conduc-tivity of Leather with the Cenco-Fitch Apparatus3F 104 Classification System for Nonmetallic Gasket Mate-rials3. Terminology3.1 Definiti
6、ons:3.1.1 thermal conductivity, k, of a solid materialthe timerate of steady heat flow, watts (or Btu/h), through a unit area,m2(or ft2), per unit temperature gradient in the directionperpendicular to an isothermal surface C/m (or F/in.). Thek-factor is expressed W/mK (Btuin./hft2F).3.2 Symbols:k =
7、thermal conductivity, W/mK (Btuin./hft2F)C = thermal conductance, W/m2K (Btu/hft2F)Dx = sample thickness, mm (in.)A = sample cross-sectional area, m2(ft2)q = heat flow, W (Btu/h)f = heat flow transducer output, mVN = heat flow transducer calibration constant,W/m2mV (Btu/hft2mV)Nf = heat flux, W/m2(B
8、tu/hft2)DT = temperature difference, C (F) or mVT1= temperature of lower sample surface,C (F)or mVT2= temperature of upper sample surface, C (F)or mVTh= temperature of HFTsurface facing sample, C(F) or mVTc= temperature of upper heater surface facingsample, C (F) or mVT = temperature, C (F)d = total
9、 temperature drop across interfaces be-tween sample and adjacent surfaces, C (F)or mVr = coefficient of thermal resistance at interfaces,m2K/W (hft2F/Btu)a = correction constantsubscript s = unknown samplesubscript r = known calibration sample4. Summary of Practice4.1 The sample and the heat flow tr
10、ansducer (HFT) aresandwiched between two controlled heater plates. The lowerheater is set at a higher temperature than the upper plate toproduce a flow of heat through the sample. The differential ofthese two temperatures, DT, sensed by thermocouples, isamplified along with the electrical output, f,
11、 of the HFT and is1This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F03 on Gaskets andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F03.10 on Composite Gaskets.Current edition approved May 1, 2009. Published May 2009. Originallyapproved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as F 433
12、 02.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical
13、standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.directly proportional to the heat flow through the sample,expressed as W/m2(Btu/hft2). See Appendix for furtherinformation. This recommended practi
14、ce can be used formeasuring heat transfer at a hot side temperature up to 200C(392F). See Figs. 1-5.5. Significance and Use5.1 This practice is designed to compare related materialsunder controlled conditions and their ability to maintain aminimum amount of thermal conductance. Test results shouldbe
15、 correlated with field results in order to predict heat transferproperties in particular applications.5.2 This practice may be used as a routine test when agreedupon by the user and the producer.6. Apparatus6.1 Heat Flow Transducer (HFT), with controlled heaterplates, thermocouples, and an analog co
16、mputer module.47. Test Specimen7.1 The sample size shall be a 50.8-mm (2-in.) diameterdisk 60.25 mm (60.010 in.) from 2.29 to 12.7 mm (0.090 to0.500 in.) thick.8. Conditioning8.1 Condition the cut specimens in accordance with theirclassification, as required in Classification F 104.9. Procedure9.1 T
17、est temperatures are suggested from 100 to 175C (212to 347F) or whatever is agreed upon between the producer anduser. (The guard heater is usually set at or near the averagesample temperature between the lower and upper heaterplates.)9.1.1 Release the compressive load, pull out the tray, andload the
18、 sample. Care must be maintained to ensure that thetray compartment is free of any foreign matter. Clean asrequired.9.1.2 Push the tray back into the chamber with a ball andplunger locking the tray into position.9.1.3 Close the test section door and switch the air control to“stack clamped.” The samp
19、le holder is now raised automati-cally until the sample is clamped in place between the upperand lower heaters. The compressive load can be adjusted bycontrolling the air pressure at the rear of the unit.Apressure of0.345 MPa (50 psi) is the recommended maximum and shouldbe specified by both the pro
20、ducer and user to ensure repeatableresults.9.1.4 Allow from 1 to 2 h for the reading to stabilize. Readthe sample thermal conductance and temperature directly fromdigital meters on the front panel. The instrument has stabilizedwhen the temperature indicated changes by no more than65 %/h and the cond
21、uctance indicated changes no more than62 %/h.10. Report10.1 The report shall include the following:10.1.1 Sample conditioning procedure,4The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Holometrix, Inc., 25 Wiggins Avenue, Bedford, MA 017302323. If you areaware of alt
22、ernative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM Headquar-ters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend.FIG. 1 Heat Flow Meter Assembly With Water-Cooled Heat SinkFIG. 2 HFT Electrical Output and Heat Flow S
23、ection WithTemperature SensorsF 433 02 (2009)210.1.2 Ambient temperature,10.1.3 Sample hot side temperature, Th,10.1.4 Sample cold side temperature, Tc,10.1.5 Sample temperature drop, ThTc,10.1.6 Average sample temperature, (Th+ Tc)/2,10.1.7 Sample thickness, Dx,10.1.8 Thermal conductivity, k, and10
24、.1.9 Compressive load.FIG. 3 Location of Thermocouples to Produce a Temperature Gradient Through the Test SampleFIG. 4 The Hot and Cold Sample Surface Temperature Differential Amplified with the HFT Output, Divided Electronically, and DisplayedDigitallyFIG. 5 Clarification of Fig. 4 Showing the Cali
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