ASTM F432-2008 Standard Specification for Roof and Rock Bolts and Accessories.pdf

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1、Designation: F 432 08Standard Specification forRoof and Rock Bolts and Accessories1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 432; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in pa

2、rentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers the chemical, mechanical, anddimensional requirements for roof and rock bolts and accesso-ries. Addressed in this specif

3、ication are double-end threadedand slotted steel bars; fully grouted bolts and threaded bars;mechanical anchorage devices used for point anchorage appli-cations; roof truss systems; partially grouted deformed bolts;formable anchorage devices; and other frictional anchoragedevices. All of these produ

4、cts represent various designs usedfor ground support systems. This specification can be revisedto address new technologies.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This hazard statement applies only to Sec

5、tion 10, TestMethods of this specification. This standard does not purportto address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use.It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establishappropriate safety and health practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations

6、 prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 29/A 29M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon andAlloy,Hot-Wrought, General Requirements forA 47/A 47M Specification for Ferritic Malleable Iron Cast-ingsA 194/A 194M Specification for Carbon and Alloy SteelNuts for Bolts for High Pressure o

7、r High TemperatureService, or BothA 220/A 220M Specification for Pearlitic Malleable IronA 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA 536 Specification for Ductile Iron CastingsA 563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel NutsA 615/A 615M Specification for Deformed a

8、nd PlainCarbon-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA 1011/A 1011M Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip,Hot-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy,High-Strength Low-Alloy with Improved Formability, andUltra-High StrengthA 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology forChemical Anal

9、ysis of Steel ProductsD 1248 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics ExtrusionMaterials for Wire and CableF 436 Specification for Hardened Steel WashersF 606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Prop-erties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, an

10、d Rivets2.2 ASME Standards:3B 1.1 Unified Screw ThreadsB 1.3M Screw Thread Gaging Systems for DimensionalAcceptabilityInch and Metric Screw ThreadsB 18.2.2 Square and Hex Nuts3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 bearing plates, plate washers, mine roof platesplates that serve to distribute the load f

11、rom the exposed end ofthe bolt or threaded bar to the rock face or intermediatemember.3.1.1.1 header plateslarge rectangular bearing plates,usually 6 in. wide by 16 to 18 in. long, or any other shape withan equivalent area, used in substitution for wooden headerblocks for wider distribution of the b

12、olt load than is possiblewith standard bearing plates.3.1.2 bendable boltsbolts furnished with an altered sec-tion at some location, to be specified by the customer, at whichthe bar will bend.3.1.2.1 DiscussionBending is necessary to permit instal-lation of bars longer than the mine opening height.

13、This alteredsection may be produced by hot or cold forging, or by shearing,sawing, trimming, machining, grinding, or a combination ofthese processes.3.1.3 beveled washerswashers whose faces are at an anglepermitting a headed bolt or threaded bar to be installed at a1This specification is under the j

14、urisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 onFasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts,Nuts, Rivets and Washers.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published January 2009. Originallyapproved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as F 432 04.2For referenced

15、ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternat

16、ional Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.slight angle to the rock face and yet maintained the face

17、of thebolt head perpendicular to the bolt axis.3.1.4 chemical anchorschemical materials that provideanchorage between the bolt or bar and the drilled hole.3.1.5 expansion shellsanchorage devices that expand togrip the sides of a drilled hole mechanically and transfer loadfrom the location of the anc

18、hor to the bar or bolt.3.1.6 extensionsthreaded bars used to extend the length ofthreaded or threaded slotted bars.3.1.7 formable anchorage devices any roof support de-vices that provide anchorage through some means of physicalinterference and engagement of the surface of a bar or bolt withany forma

19、ble material, other than chemical grout, in a bore-hole.3.1.8 frictional anchorage devicesground support de-vices, friction stabilizers and inflatable friction stabilizers, thatare designed so that the holding force/anchorage is generatedby frictional forces between the surface of the borehole and t

20、hesurface of the device. The frictional forces can be active overthe full or partial length of the device.3.1.9 fully grouted bolts and threaded barsdeformed barsor plain bars used with full-length grouting and having specialdeformations or other design features to provide interlockingbetween the st

21、eel and the grout.3.1.10 hardened washerswashers that have been hard-ened by heat treatment to provide consistency to the torquetension relation necessary to control installation tension ofbolts and threaded bars.3.1.11 minimum non-seizure load (MNSL)the load levelin pounds through which bolt/plug t

22、hread seizure must notoccur.3.1.12 minimum ultimate load (MUL)the load level inpounds through which bolt/plug thread failure must not occur.3.1.13 rollers, camsmoving devices that, when used withinternally threaded cylinders containing external tapered slots,provide expansion to grip the sides of a

23、drilled hole mechani-cally and transfer load from the location of the anchor to thebar or bolt.3.1.14 roof and rock boltsheaded hot-rolled bars withcold-rolled or machine-cut threads at the end, to be used withanchorage devices to hold up mine roofs, hold back walls, orhold down equipment or foundat

24、ions.3.1.15 roof truss systema roof support system incorporat-ing bolts that are joined together by crossmember(s) that is(are) tensioned by design.3.1.16 spherical washers or seatswashers that are flat onone side and have a spherical face on the other side. Thecombination of spherical washer togeth

25、er with a depression inthe bearing plate produces a ball-and-socket joint permittingbolts to be installed at a slight angle to the rock face while stillmaintaining the face of the bolt head perpendicular to the boltaxis.3.1.17 tapered wedgesplain wedges that provide theexpansion for threaded slotted

26、 bars.3.1.18 tension nutsnuts that are intended to induce andmaintain tension in a bolt.3.1.19 threaded barsbars that are used with a nut on oneend and an anchorage device on the other. They are used in amanner similar to the bolts described in 3.1.14.3.1.20 threaded couplingscouplings used to permi

27、t theassembly of additional externally threaded items.3.1.21 threaded slotted barsbars threaded at one end eachwith a forged, burned, or sawed slot at the other, into which atapered wedge can be inserted. When each assembly is driveninto a bottomed hole, the wedge spreads the slot and ananchorage is

28、 produced.3.1.22 threaded tapered plugsthreaded wedge that ex-pands the expansion shell by the movement of the threadedplug within the shell as tightening progresses.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall includeat least the following information:4.1.1 Quantity

29、 (number of pieces),4.1.2 Name of product together with description of acces-sories,4.1.3 Dimensions,4.1.4 ASTM designation and year of issue, includingstrength grade,4.1.5 Special requirements, if any, including packaging andthread protection instructions, and4.1.6 Certifications, if required.4.2 T

30、he products covered by this specification are currentlyproduced by many manufacturers to a wide variety of designs.It is necessary for the user and the manufacturer to establish therequirements of the individual installation and to agree as to thetype of assembly to be employed. SeeAnnexA1 andAppend

31、ixX1 for additional information.5. Manufacturing Processes5.1 Materials for Bolts, Extensions, and Threaded orThreaded Slotted Bars:5.1.1 Steel shall conform to the requirements shown inTable 1 and in Specification A 29/A 29M for plain bars orSpecification A 615/A 615M for plain or deformed bars unl

32、essotherwise specified.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsProduct Carbon, max, % Sulfur, max, % Phosphorus, max,%Heat Product Heat Product Heat ProductBolts, threadedbars, and threadedslotted barsA0.75 0.79 0.13B0.050 0.058Steel tapered wedges 0.80 0.84 0.13B0.050 0.058Hardened spherical,flat, or beveledw

33、ashers 0.80 0.84 0.050 0.058 0.050 0.058Spherical or beveledwashers 0.80 0.84 0.050 0.058 0.050 0.058Bearing and headerplates 1.00 1.04 0.050 0.058 0.050 0.058Steel threaded taperedplugs 0.60 0.64 0.13B0.050 0.058Steel expansion shells 0.30 0.33 0.050 0.058 0.050 0.058ABars furnished in accordance w

34、ith Specification A 615/A 615M may besubstituted for these requirements.BCheck analysis for sulfur if a resulfurized steel is not technically appropriate.F4320825.1.1.1 Threaded slotted bars may have the slot produced byforging, burning, or sawing. Burned slots of Grades 55 and 75threaded slotted ba

35、rs must have the slotted end normalized byheating to a minimum of 1600F and air cooling subsequent toburning.5.1.1.2 Threads on bolts or threaded bars may be cold rolledor machine cut on the hot-rolled bars.5.2 Materials for Tapered Wedges for Use With ThreadedSlotted Bars:5.2.1 Malleable iron casti

36、ng shall conform to SpecificationA 47/A 47M.5.2.2 Pearlitic malleable iron castings shall conform toSpecification A 220/A 220M, Grades 45006 or 50005.5.2.3 Steel shall conform to the requirements shown inTable 1.5.3 Materials for Expansion Shells:5.3.1 Malleable iron castings shall conform to Specif

37、icationA 47/A 47M.5.3.2 Steel shall conform to the requirements shown inTable 1.5.3.3 Ductile iron castings shall conform to SpecificationA 536, Grades 60-40-18.5.4 Materials for threaded tapered plugs used with expan-sion shells shall conform to the test specifications in 10.8.5.5 Materials for Bea

38、ring and Header Plates, Also KnownAs Plate Washers or Mine Roof Plates:5.5.1 Steel shall conform to the requirements shown inTable 1.5.5.1.1 Bearing and header plates may be strengthened bycold forming or may be hardened by quenching in a liquidmedium from above the austenitizing temperature and tem

39、per-ing at a temperature of not less than 650F.5.6 Materials for Spherical, Flat, or Beveled HardenedWashers:5.6.1 Steel shall conform to the requirements shown inTable 1.5.6.1.1 Hardened steel washers shall be through hardenedby quenching in a liquid medium from above the austenitizingtemperature a

40、nd tempering at a temperature of not less than650F. Case-hardened washers are not permitted.5.7 Materials for Spherical or Beveled Washers:5.7.1 Malleable iron castings shall conform to SpecificationA 47/A 47M.5.7.2 Pearlitic malleable iron castings shall conform toSpecification A 220/A 220M, Grades

41、 45006, 50005, or 60004.5.7.3 Steel shall conform to the requirements shown inTable 1.5.8 Nuts shall be in accordance with Specifications A 194/A 194M or A 563. Appropriate nuts for each grade of threadedbar are shown in Table 2. Higher strength nuts conforming toSpecifications A 194/A 194M or A 563

42、 may be substituted.When specified on the order or contract, nuts with externaldimensions of nominal34-in. heavy hex or heavy square sizemay be supplied with58-in. threads for use with58-in. threadedbars.5.9 Chemical grouting materials are covered inAnnexA3 ofthis specification.5.10 Materials for th

43、readed couplings shall be selected bythe manufacturer to ensure compliance with 7.6 and 8.7.5.11 Materials for Bolts and Threaded Bars for Use inGrouted SystemsPlain or deformed steel bars shall conformto Table 1 or Specification A 615/A 615M.5.12 Materials for Friction StabilizersSheet steel shallc

44、onform to requirements specified in Specification A 1011/A 1011M, Table 2 HSLAS Grade 60 Class 2 material.5.13 Components of roof truss systems shall be manufac-tured in accordance with the appropriate paragraph(s) ofSection 5 of this specification.5.14 Materials for Formable Anchors:5.14.1 Material

45、s for formable anchor tubes are as follows:5.14.1.1 Polyethylenes used for formable anchor tubes shallconform to ASTM D 1248 Classification Type III, Class A orB, Category 5.NOTE 1All shapes, compositions, and properties of formable anchormaterials are not covered by this specification. Users must e

46、nsure that theformable anchor material offered is suitable for its intended use.6. Chemical Composition6.1 Materials used for bolts, threaded bars, threaded slottedbars, spherical, flat, or beveled washers, threaded taperedplugs, tapered wedges, expansion shells, bearing plates androof truss compone

47、nts shall be as specified in Table 1 andSection 5.6.2 Materials for all cast or wrought metallic items otherthan those covered in 6.1 shall conform to the requirements asspecified in Section 5.6.3 Individual heats of steel or cast iron are not identified inany of the finished products.6.4 Chemical a

48、nalyses for steel products shall be performedin accordance with Test Methods, Practices, and TerminologyA 751.6.5 Materials for formable anchors shall conform to therequirements, if applicable, specified in Section 5.6.6 Chemical analyses shall be performed in accordancewith Test Methods, Practices,

49、 and Terminology A 751.6.7 Material for friction stabilizers shall conform to require-ments specified in Specification A 1011/A 1011M, Table 2HSLAS grade 60 Class 2 material.7. Mechanical Properties7.1 Mechanical properties of steel bars, for the manufactureof bolts, threaded bars, or threaded slotted bars shall be asspecified in Table 3 for the required grade.7.2 Mechanical properties of steel bolts, threaded bars, andthreaded slotted bars whose slots have been produced withoutmaterial removal shall be as specified in Table 4 for therequired grade.T