ASTM F2040-2006 Standard Specification for Helmets Used for Recreational Snow Sports《娱乐性雪上运动用头盔的标准规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: F 2040 06An American National StandardStandard Specification forHelmets Used for Recreational Snow Sports1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2040; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the

2、year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification defines performance requirements forhelmets used in nonmotorized recreational snow sports

3、 (suchas skiing, snowboarding, and other alpine sports). This speci-fication is a performance standard and is not intended to restrictdesign. Although a helmet that meets this specification willhelp reduce the risk of some types of injuries to the head atslower speeds, the protection is limited. The

4、 user is responsiblefor participating in the sport within his/her abilities and thenature of the snow conditions which may vary widely. Com-pliance with the common sense rules of the sports safety,including any applicable responsibility codes, is essential tohelp reduce the risk of personal injury.1

5、.2 All testing and requirements of this specification shallbe in accordance with Test Methods F 1446, except wherenoted herein.1.3 Partial utilization of this specification is prohibited. Anystatement of compliance with this specification shall be acertification that the product meets all of the req

6、uirements ofthe specification in its entirety. A product that fails to meet anyone of the requirements of this specification is considered tohave failed the standard and should not be sold with anyindication that it meets parts of the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F 1446 Test M

7、ethods for Equipment and Procedures Usedin Evaluating the Performance Characteristics of ProtectiveHeadgear3. Headforms3.1 Headforms to be used in this specification are asspecified in the section on Test Headforms of Test MethodsF 1446. The appropriate size headform shall be selected inaccordance w

8、ith the section on Headform Size Selection ofTest Methods F 1446 for the helmet to be tested.4. Marking the Test Line4.1 The test line is shown in Fig. 1 and shall be marked inaccordance with Test Methods F 1446.5. Conditioning and Number of Samples5.1 Four sample helmets are required for each shell

9、/linersize combination.5.2 Conditioning of the samples to be tested is described inthe section on Conditioning Environment of Test MethodsF 1446, but differs as follows:5.2.1 Low TemperatureThe low temperature shall be -22to -28C.5.2.2 High TemperatureThe high temperature shall be 32to 38C.6. Retent

10、ion System Testing6.1 The Dynamic Strength Retention Test shall be com-pleted in accordance with Test Methods F 1446 prior to impacttesting.6.2 Dynamic Strength Retention Test The hot, cold, andwet helmets shall be subjected to the Dynamic StrengthRetention Test. Place the helmet on the appropriate

11、sizeheadform on the test device described in the section onApparatus of Test Methods F 1446.6.2.1 Place the twin bar (jaw) system with rod and dropweight attached within the fastened retention system.6.2.2 Mark the position of the twin bar with preload anddrop weights in position.6.2.3 Drop a 4-kg s

12、liding weight a distance of 0.6 m.6.2.4 The retention system shall remain intact withoutelongating more than 30 mm.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.53 onHeadgear and Helmets.Curr

13、ent edition approved May 1, 2006. Published May 2006. Originallyapproved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as F 2040 02.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume info

14、rmation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.3 The ambient helmet shall be subjected to t

15、he positionalstability (roll-off) test in accordance with Test Methods F 1446usinga4kgdrop mass from a height of 0.6 m.6.3.1 The retention system shall remain intact and thehelmet shall remain on the headform.7. Anvils and Impact Velocities7.1 Anvils to be used for impact tests in this specification

16、are described as follows:7.1.1 Flat Anvil, as described in the section on Apparatus ofTest Methods F 1446.7.1.2 Hemispherical Anvil, as described in the section onApparatus of Test Methods F 1446.7.1.3 Edge Anvil, constructed of solid steel in accordancewith Fig. 2.7.2 Impact Velocities:7.2.1 Impact

17、s upon the flat anvil shall achieve a velocity of6.2 m/s (corresponding to a theoretical drop height of 2.0 m).7.2.2 Impacts upon the hemispherical anvil shall achieve avelocity of 4.8 m/s (corresponding to a theoretical drop heightof 1.2 m).7.2.3 Impacts upon the edge anvil shall achieve a velocity

18、 of4.5 m/s (corresponding to a theoretical drop height of 1.0 m).7.2.4 The impact velocity shall be measured during the last40 mm of free-fall for each test and shall be within 3 % of thevelocities specified in 7.2.1, 7.2.2, and 7.2.3.8. Impact Sites8.1 Centers of impact can be located anywhere on o

19、r abovethe test line with the anvils aligned in any orientation.FIG. 1 Marking the Test LineF20400628.2 The theoretical center3of each impact site shall beseparated from the theoretical center of other impact sites by aminimum of 120 mm.9. Impacting Schedule9.1 All impacting shall be performed in ac

20、cordance with thesection on Impact Attenuation of Test Methods F 1446.9.2 Two of the four impact sites (as described in the sectionon ImpactAttenuation of Test Methods F 1446) will use the flatanvil.9.3 One impact site will use the hemispherical anvil.9.4 One impact site will use the edge anvil.9.5

21、The impact sites and anvils can be selected in anysequence.10. Peak Acceleration Requirements10.1 The peak acceleration (g max) of the impulse duringthe impact shall be measured with equipment described in thesection on Apparatus of Test Methods F 1446.10.2 The peak acceleration of any impact shall

22、not exceed300 g.11. Labels and Warnings11.1 In addition to the labeling requirements of Test Meth-ods F 1446, the helmet shall have the words “for use innonmotorized recreational snow sports (such as skiing, snow-boarding, and other alpine sports)” inscribed on one of theinterior permanent labels.12

23、. Keywords12.1 helmet; protective headgear; skiing; snowboarding3The theoretical center of impact is the point of intersection of the Z-axis and theouter surface or projected surface of the helmet at x =0,y = 0 (see X1.1 of TestMethods F 1446).FIG. 2 Edge AnvilF2040063SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee F08

24、 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue, F 2040 02,that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved May 1, 2006.)(1) Revised Fig. 1.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item

25、 mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical commi

26、ttee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a me

27、eting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,

28、 PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F2040064