ASTM E1352-2008 Standard Test Method for Cigarette Ignition Resistance of Mock-Up Upholstered Furniture Assemblies.pdf

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1、Designation: E 1352 08An American National StandardStandard Test Method forCigarette Ignition Resistance of Mock-Up UpholsteredFurniture Assemblies1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1352; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,

2、in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.1.2 This test method is designed for the a

3、ssessment of theresistance of upholstered furniture mock-up assemblies tocombustion after exposure to smoldering cigarettes underspecified conditions.1.3 Mock-up testing is useful in assessing the relativeresistance of combustion of materials used in upholsteredfurniture such as cover materials, cus

4、hioning materials, welts,etc., in representative combinations disregarding the geometricarrangement of the seating surfaces, backs, and sides offurniture items.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.5 Thi

5、s standard is used to measure and describe theresponse of materials, products, or assemblies to heat andflame under controlled conditions, but does not by itselfincorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire riskassessment of the materials, products, or assemblies underactual fire conditio

6、ns.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specifi

7、c hazardstatements, see Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E 176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod, refer to Ter

8、minology E 176.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 bolsterpillow or similarly shaped unit containingupholstery material covered by upholstery cover material thatmay or may not be attached to the upholstered furniture itembut is sold and delivered with it.3.2.2 deckthe upholstere

9、d support under the seat cushionin a loose-seat construction.3.2.3 furniture mock-up or assemblya representation ofproduction furniture that uses the same upholstery covermaterial and upholstery material, constructed in the samemanner as in production furniture, but with straight, verticalsides.3.2.

10、4 quiltedfused or stitched with thread through theupholstery cover material and one or more layers of upholsterymaterial.3.2.5 tuftedbuttoned or laced through the upholsterycover material and upholstery material.3.2.6 upholstered furniture for the purpose of this testmethod, a unit of interior furni

11、shing that (1) contains anysurface that is covered, in whole or in part, with a fabric orrelated upholstery cover material, (2) contains upholsterymaterial, and ( 3) is intended or promoted for sitting orreclining upon.3.2.7 upholstery cover materialthe outermost layer offabric or related material u

12、sed to enclose the main supportsystem or upholstery materials, or both, used in the furnitureitem.3.2.8 upholstery materialthe padding, stuffing, or fillingmaterial used in a furniture item, which may be either loose orattached, enclosed by an upholstery cover material, or locatedbetween the upholst

13、ery cover material and support system, ifpresent.3.2.8.1 DiscussionThis includes, but is not limited to,material such as foams, cotton batting, polyester fiberfill,bonded cellulose, or down.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on FireStandards and is the direct responsib

14、ility of Subcommittee E05.15 on Furnishingsand Contents.Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2008. Published March 2008. Originallyapproved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as E 1352 02.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service

15、at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.9 weltthe piping effect produced when welt c

16、ord andcover fabrics are sewn together for ornamental purposes tofinish the edges between intersecting surfaces of upholsteredfurniture cushions, pillows, arms, or backs.3.2.10 welt cordthe continuous small-diameter cylindricalmaterial that is wrapped in fabric and sewn as part of the coverto make a

17、 welt edge on upholstered furniture.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method is used to evaluate the cigaretteignition resistance of upholstered furniture by exposingmock-up upholstered furniture assemblies to lighted cigarettesas an ignition source.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method i

18、s intended to measure the performanceof upholstered furniture material assemblies under conditionsof exposure to smoldering cigarettes. This is accomplished bytesting furniture assemblies.5.2 This test method is recommended for upholstered fur-niture used in facilities such as hospitals, nursing hom

19、es,residential-custodial care and supervisory facilities, or in thepublic area of facilities such as educational, assembly, orresidential occupancies.5.3 This test method is not intended to measure the perfor-mance of upholstered furniture material assemblies underconditions of open-flame exposure,

20、and does not indicatewhether the assemblies will resist the propagation of flameunder severe fire exposure or when tested in a manner thatdiffers substantially from the test method.5.4 The results obtained with a material assembly tested inmock-up in accordance with this test method do not necessari

21、lyindicate the performance of the same material assembly inother geometric configurations, such as in production furniture.6. Apparatus and Materials6.1 Mock-upElements of the mock-up test jigs are illus-trated in Figs. 1 and 2. Fig. 3 shows the completed mock-upassemblies.6.2 Ignition Source, consi

22、sting of cigarettes without filtertips, made from natural tobacco 3.4 6 0.1 in. (85 6 2 mm)long with a packing density of 0.156 6 0.012 oz/in.3(0.270 6 0.020 g/cm3) and a total weight of 0.039 6 0.004 oz(1.1 6 0.1 g). The smoldering rate of this cigarette shall be0.236 6 0.024 in./min (0.10 6 0.01 m

23、m/s) when the cigaretteis allowed to burn downward in a draft-protected area.NOTE 1With the cigarette supported at the bottom in a verticalposition, the burning rate is determined in the region from 0.39 to 1.97 in.(10 to 50 mm), measured from the top.6.3 Sheeting MaterialThe sheeting material to co

24、ver thetest cigarettes shall be 50 % cotton/50 % polyester or 100 %FIG. 1 Frame for Upholstered Furniture Mock-Up Test(b) Panel for Seat Cushion, Side, and BackFIG. 2 Panels for Upholstered Furniture Mock-Up Test(a) Armrest and Tops of Back and Seat Support System(b) Seat Cushion, Side, and BackFIG.

25、 3 Upholstered Furniture Mock-Up TestE 1352 082cotton bed sheeting material weighing 3.7 6 0.8 oz/yd2(125 6 28 g/m2). The material shall be laundered in anautomatic home clothes washing machine and dried in a tumbledrier at least once before use. For testing, the sheeting materialshall be cut into p

26、ieces approximately 5 by 5 in. (12.5 by 12.5cm).6.4 Test Area, equipped with a suitable system for exhaust-ing smoke and noxious gases produced during testing. The testshall be carried out in a draft protected area. The maximumairflow across the sample face shall be less than 50 ft (15.2m)/min.6.5 E

27、xtinguishing Equipment:6.5.1 Pressurized-Water Fire Extinguisher, or other suitablefire-extinguishing equipment, immediately available.6.5.2 Water Botte, fitted with a spray nozzle to extinguishany ignited portions of the mock-up.6.5.3 Bucket of Water, for immersing smoldering or burningmaterials re

28、moved from the mock-up.6.5.4 Tongs, to handle smoldering materials prior to immer-sion.6.5.5 Gloves.6.5.6 Breathing Apparatus.6.6 Miscellaneous Other apparatus required to carry outthe testing are:6.6.1 Straight Pins.6.6.2 Knife or Scissors.6.6.3 Linear Scale, at least 6 in. (15 cm) long and graduat

29、edin inches or millimeters in110 or116-in. divisions.7. Hazards7.1 WarningEven under the most carefully observedconditions, smoldering combustion can progress to a pointwhere it cannot be readily extinguished. It is imperative that atest be discontinued as soon as continuing combustion hasdefinitely

30、 occurred. Immediately wet the exposed area with awater spray from the water bottle, remove the charred orburned material, and immerse the material in a bucket of water.Ventilate the test area.7.2 Products of combustion can be irritating and dangerousto test personnel. Test personnel must avoid expo

31、sure to smokeand gases produced during testing as much as possible. The useof a large hood with a low air velocity during testing isadvisable, as a means to remove products of combustion.8. Test Specimen8.1 Specimen ConditioningCondition test samples, ciga-rettes, and sheeting material at a temperat

32、ure of 73.4 6 9F(23 6 5C) and a relative humidity of 50 6 5 % for at least 24h immediately prior to testing. If the test room conditions donot meet the above specifications, then testing shall be initiatedwithin 10 min after the materials are removed from theconditioned room. The mock-up assembly sh

33、all be constructedin the conditioned area.8.2 GeneralProduce furniture mock-up by arranging up-holstery cover material and upholstery materials in the samesequence as they were used in the production furniture.Construct the various parts of the mock-up as described in8.2-8.7. In all cases, the arran

34、gement and thickness of uphol-stery material in the mock-up shall reproduce the constructiondetails of the production furniture being evaluated.8.3 Loose Seat CushionsMake seat cushions in the samesize and manner and with the same material as productionfurniture. The cushion thickness shall be a max

35、imum of 5 in.(13 cm).8.3.1 ExceptionUse cushions sized 25 by 22 in. (68 by 55cm) if actual cushion dimensions exceed these values.8.4 DecksPrepare decks (if they are part of the furnitureitem) by attaching to the horizontal panel (Fig. 2(a) of the testapparatus the same materials in the same thickne

36、ss as used inthe actual furniture construction. Stretch decking or upholsterycover material over the upholstery materials and securelyfasten to the underside of the wood panel.8.5 Tight SeatIf the type of furniture item is constructedwith only tight seats, duplicate the seat for test in mock-up.Tigh

37、t seat cushions shall be 18 6 2by226 2 in. (45 6 5by55 6 5 cm) and made of the same fabric and the samethickness used in production furniture. Attach the cushionassembly to the horizontal panel of the test apparatus (see Fig.2(b) by extending the upholstery cover material around thepanel edges and f

38、astening the cover material to the underside ofthe wood panel.8.6 Side and Back PanelsFurniture sides and backs shallbe mocked-up if, in the type of furniture to be represented bythe mock-up, they are within 1 in. (2.5 cm) of a seat cushion.Make the mock-ups by upholstering one surface of the vertic

39、altest panel (see Fig. 2(b) with the same upholstery material andupholstery cover material used in production furniture. Stretchthe upholstery cover material over the upholstery material andfasten to the back side of the framework. Cover all edges of thepanels with cover material. If the side and ba

40、ck construction ofthe furniture item are the same, only one vertical panel need beassembled and tested.8.7 BolstersBolsters resting on the seat cushion or sus-pended above it tend to confine the heat from the cigarette andoften present a spatial arrangement different from the crevice.In such cases,

41、prepare a mock-up bolster with dimensions to fitinto the mock-up arrangement and which presents to thecigarette the same spatial arrangement as in production furni-ture.8.8 Armrests and Tops of BacksTest tops of armrests andback if (1) they present a surface large enough and so orientedas to support

42、 a cigarette and (2) if the construction differs inany way from the side-panel and back-panel constructions.Make tops of armrests and backs by upholstering a piece of0.5-in. (1.3-cm) thick plywood, approximately 12 by 20 in. (30by 50 cm) with the same materials used in the furniture item.The mock-up

43、 shall reproduce significant details of the con-struction of production furniture.9. Procedure9.1 Assemble a mock-up test sample by attaching the side orback panels, or both, to the mock-up frame and placing a seatcushion (either loose or tight seat construction) against thepanels, as shown in Fig.

44、3(b). Place the assembly on a table orplatform in the test area under an exhaust hood or other suitablemeans for exhausting the products of combustion from testing.Test separately the decks for loose cushion items, top ofE 1352 083armrests, and backs. In some cases, the test to evaluateupholstered f

45、urniture material assemblies for cigarette ignitionresistance will require two vertical panels, one seat cushion(loose or tight), one bolster, one deck, one top of armrest, andone top of back.9.2 Burn at least three cigarettes on each surface location(see Fig. 3(a) and ( b). These locations include

46、crevice(s)where seat cushion and vertical panels meet, seat cushionsurfaces (including welt and smooth, quilted or tufted areas),top of upholstered arm rest, tops of upholstered back, and deck.9.3 For crevice locations, place the two cigarettes next to thecenter cigarette in the crevice so that thei

47、r butt ends burn out atleast 3 in. (7.5 cm) from the outermost edge of the side of theback panel. Place the cigarettes horizontally. Place two of thethree cigarettes so that their entire length burns out against thewelt cord and the vertical panel surface. Place the thirdcigarette so that its entire

48、 length burns out against the welt cordand a horizontal surface of the seat cushion.9.4 Each test cigarette shall be well-lighted and burned notmore than 0.16 in. (4 mm) when placed on a specific testlocation. After placement, cover each cigarette with a piece ofsheeting material. For crevice tests,

49、 pin one end of the sheetingmaterial to the vertical panels (approximately 2 in. (5 cm)above the cigarette) and drop the remaining material tocompletely cover the test cigarette. For all tests, ensure that agood sheeting material-to-cigarette contact is made by runningones finger across the full length of the covered cigarette.9.5 To test a seat cushion (either loose or tight), burn threecovered cigarettes on each different surface location encoun-tered.9.5.1 For the purposes of this test, consider smooth surfaces,welt edges, fused or threaded por