ASTM D6232-2016 red 4211 Standard Guide for Selection of Sampling Equipment for Waste and Contaminated Media Data Collection Activities《废弃物和污染介质数据收集活动用取样设备选择的标准指南》.pdf

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1、Designation: D6232 08D6232 16Standard Guide forSelection of Sampling Equipment for Waste andContaminated Media Data Collection Activities1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6232; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case

2、 of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers criteria which should be considered when selecting sampling equipment for

3、collecting environmental andwaste samples for waste management activities. This guide includes a list of equipment that is used and is readily available. Manyspecialized sampling devices are not specifically included in this guide. However, the factors that should be weighed whenchoosing any piece o

4、f equipment are covered and remain the same for the selection of any piece of equipment. Sampling equipmentdescribed in this guide includes automatic samplers, pumps, bailers, tubes, scoops, spoons, shovels, dredges, coring and augeringdevices. The selection of sampling locations is outside the scop

5、e of this guide.1.1.1 Table 1 lists selected equipment and its applicability to sampling matrices, including water (surface and ground),sediments, soils, liquids, multi-layered liquids, mixed solid-liquid phases, and consolidated and unconsolidated solids. The guidedoes not address specifically the

6、collection of samples of any suspended materials from flowing rivers or streams. Refer to GuideD4411 for more information.1.2 Table 2 presents the same list of equipment and its applicability for use based on compatibility of sample and equipment;volume of the sample required; physical requirements

7、such as power, size, and weight; ease of operation and decontamination; andwhether it is reusable or disposable.1.3 Table 3 provides the basis for selection of suitable equipment by the use of an Index.1.4 Lists of advantages and disadvantages of selected sampling devices and line drawings and narra

8、tives describing theoperation of sampling devices are also provided.1.5 The values stated in both inch-pound and SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard units. The values given inparentheses are for information only.1.6 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a ser

9、ies of options and does not recommend a specific courseof action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in con junction conjunction with professionaljudgement. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended t

10、o representor replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this documentbe applied without consideration of a projects many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means onlythat the document has been approved

11、 through the ASTM consensus process.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimita

12、tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1452 Practice for Soil Exploration and Sampling by Auger BoringsD1586 Test Method for Penetration Test (SPT) and Split-Barrel Sampling of SoilsD1587 Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Fine-Grained Soils for Geotechnical Purposes1

13、This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.01 on Planning forSampling.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2008Nov. 15, 2016. Published February 2008December 2016. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous editi

14、on approved in 20032008as D6232 03.D6232 08. DOI: 10.1520/D6232-08.10.1520/D6232-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary pa

15、ge on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that

16、users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D3550 Practice for Thick

17、Wall, Ring-Lined, Split Barrel, Drive Sampling of Soils (Withdrawn 2016)3D4136 Practice for Sampling Phytoplankton with Water-Sampling BottlesD4342 Practice for Collecting of Benthic Macroinvertebrates with Ponar Grab Sampler (Withdrawn 2003)3D4343 Practice for Collecting Benthic Macroinvertebrates

18、with Ekman Grab Sampler (Withdrawn 2003)3D4348 Practice for Collecting Benthic Macroinvertebrates with Holme (Scoop) Grab Sampler (Withdrawn 2003)3D4387 Guide for Selecting Grab Sampling Devices for Collecting Benthic Macroinvertebrates (Withdrawn 2003)3D4411 Guide for Sampling Fluvial Sediment in M

19、otionD4448 Guide for Sampling Ground-Water Monitoring WellsD4547 Guide for Sampling Waste and Soils for Volatile Organic CompoundsD4687 Guide for General Planning of Waste SamplingD4696 Guide for Pore-Liquid Sampling from the Vadose ZoneD4700 Guide for Soil Sampling from the Vadose ZoneD4823 Guide f

20、or Core Sampling Submerged, Unconsolidated SedimentsD5013 Practices for Sampling Wastes from Pipes and Other Point DischargesD5079 Practices for Preserving and Transporting Rock Core SamplesD5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Waste SitesD5283 Practice for Generation of Envi

21、ronmental Data Related to Waste ManagementActivities: QualityAssurance and QualityControl Planning and ImplementationD5314 Guide for Soil Gas Monitoring in the Vadose Zone (Withdrawn 2015)3D5358 Practice for Sampling with a Dipper or Pond SamplerD5451 Practice for Sampling Using a Trier SamplerD5495

22、 Practice for Sampling With a Composite Liquid Waste Sampler (COLIWASA)D5633 Practice for Sampling with a ScoopD5679 Practice for Sampling Consolidated Solids in Drums or Similar ContainersD5680 Practice for Sampling Unconsolidated Solids in Drums or Similar ContainersD5730 Guide for Site Characteri

23、zation for Environmental Purposes With Emphasis on Soil, Rock, the Vadose Zone andGroundwater (Withdrawn 2013)3D5743 Practice for Sampling Single or Multilayered Liquids, With or Without Solids, in Drums or Similar ContainersD5778 Test Method for Electronic Friction Cone and Piezocone Penetration Te

24、sting of SoilsD5781 Guide for Use of Dual-Wall Reverse-Circulation Drilling for Geoenvironmental Exploration and the Installation ofSubsurface Water-Quality Monitoring DevicesD5782 Guide for Use of Direct Air-Rotary Drilling for Geoenvironmental Exploration and the Installation of SubsurfaceWater-Qu

25、ality Monitoring DevicesD5783 Guide for Use of Direct Rotary Drilling with Water-Based Drilling Fluid for Geoenvironmental Exploration and theInstallation of Subsurface Water-Quality Monitoring DevicesD5784 Guide for Use of Hollow-Stem Augers for Geoenvironmental Exploration and the Installation of

26、SubsurfaceWater-Quality Monitoring DevicesD5875 Guide for Use of Cable-Tool Drilling and Sampling Methods for Geoenvironmental Exploration and Installation ofSubsurface Water-Quality Monitoring DevicesD5876 Guide for Use of Direct Rotary Wireline Casing Advancement Drilling Methods for Geoenvironmen

27、tal Exploration andInstallation of Subsurface Water-Quality Monitoring DevicesD6001 Guide for Direct-Push Groundwater Sampling for Environmental Site CharacterizationD6009 Guide for Sampling Waste PilesD6044 Guide for Representative Sampling for Management of Waste and Contaminated MediaD6051 Guide

28、for Composite Sampling and Field Subsampling for Environmental Waste Management ActivitiesD6063 Guide for Sampling of Drums and Similar Containers by Field PersonnelD6151 Practice for Using Hollow-Stem Augers for Geotechnical Exploration and Soil SamplingD6169 Guide for Selection of Soil and Rock Sa

29、mpling Devices Used With Drill Rigs for Environmental InvestigationsD6282 Guide for Direct Push Soil Sampling for Environmental Site CharacterizationsD6286 Guide for Selection of Drilling Methods for Environmental Site CharacterizationD6418 Practice for Using the Disposable En Core Sampler for Sampl

30、ing and Storing Soil for Volatile Organic AnalysisD6538 Guide for Sampling Wastewater With Automatic SamplersD6634 Guide for Selection of Purging and Sampling Devices for Groundwater Monitoring WellsD6640 Practice for Collection and Handling of Soils Obtained in Core Barrel Samplers for Environmenta

31、l InvestigationsD6699 Practice for Sampling Liquids Using BailersD6759 Practice for Sampling Liquids Using Grab and Discrete Depth Samplers3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.D6232 162D6771 Practice for Low-Flow Purging and Sampling for Wells and Dev

32、ices Used for Ground-Water Quality Investigations(Withdrawn 2011)3D6907 Practice for Sampling Soils and Contaminated Media with Hand-Operated Bucket AugersE300 Practice for Sampling Industrial ChemicalsE1391 Guide for Collection, Storage, Characterization, and Manipulation of Sediments for Toxicolog

33、ical Testing and forSelection of Samplers Used to Collect Benthic InvertebratesD6232 1633. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 consolidated, adja compact solid not easily compressed or broken into smaller particles.3.1.2 decontamination, nthe process of removing or re

34、ducing to a known level undesirable physical or chemical constituents,or both, from a sampling apparatus to maximize the representativeness of physical or chemical analyses proposed for a givensample.3.1.3 data quality objectives (DQOs), nqualitative or quantitative statement(s) derived from the DQO

35、 process describing theproblem(s), the decision rule(s) and the uncertainties of the decision(s) stated in the con text of the problem.3.1.4 environmental data, ndefined for use in this document to mean data in support of environmental activities.3.1.5 matrix, nthe principal constituent(s) or phase(

36、s) of a material.3.1.6 unconsolidated, adjdefined for use in this document to mean uncemented or uncompacted material that is easilyseparated into smaller portions.3.1.7 representative sample, na sample collected in such a manner that it reflects one or more characteristics of interest (asdefined by

37、 the project objectives) of a population from which it was collected. (D6044)4. Summary of Guide4.1 This guide discusses important criteria which should be considered when choosing sampling equipment.4.1.1 Criteria discussed in this document include physical and chemical compatibility, sample matrix

38、, sample volume, physicalrequirements, ease of operation and decontamination. Costs are considered, where appropriate.4.2 A limited list of sampling equipment is presented in two separate tables. The list attempts to include a variety of differenttypes of equipment. However, this list is in no way a

39、ll inclusive, as there are many excellent pieces of equipment not included.Table 1 lists matrices (surface and ground water, stationary sediment, soil and mixed phase wastes) and indicates which samplingdevices are appropriate for use with these matrices. It also includes ASTM method references (dra

40、ft standards are not included).Table 2 indicates physical requirements (such as battery), electrical power, and weight; physical and chemical compatibility; effecton matrix; range of volume; ease of operation; decontamination; and reusability. Table 3 provides sampler type selection processbased upo

41、n the sample type and matrix to be sampled.5. Significance and Use5.1 Although many technical papers address topics important to efficient and accurate sampling investigations (DQOs, studydesign, QA/QC, data assessment; see Guides D4687, D5730, D6009, D6051, and Practice D5283), the selection and us

42、e ofappropriate sampling equipment is assumed or omitted.5.2 The choice of sampling equipment can be crucial to the task of collecting a sample appropriate for the intended use.5.3 When a sample is collected, all sources of potential bias should be considered, not only in the selection and use of th

43、esampling device, but also in the interpretation and use of the data generated. Some major considerations in the selection ofsampling equipment for the collection of a sample are listed below.5.3.1 The ability to access and extract from every relevant location in the target population,5.3.2 The abil

44、ity to collect a sufficient mass of sample such that the distribution of particle sizes in the population arerepresented, and5.3.3 The ability to collect a sample without the addition or loss of constituents of interest.5.4 The characteristics discussed in 5.3 are particularly important in investiga

45、tions when the target population is heterogeneoussuch as when particle sizes vary, liquids are present in distinct phases, a gaseous phase exists or material from different sourcesare present in the population. The consideration of these characteristics during the equipment selection process will en

46、able the datauser to make appropriate statistical inferences about the target population based on the sampling results.6. Selection Criteria6.1 Refer to Tables 1 and 2 for a summary of matrix compatibility and selection criteria. Refer to Table 3 for an index ofsampling equipment based upon sample t

47、ype and matrix to be sampled.6.2 CompatibilityIt is important that sampling equipment, other equipment which may come in contact with samples (suchas gloves, mixing pans, knives, spatulas, spoons, etc.) and sample containers be constructed of materials that are compatible withthe matrices and analyt

48、es of interest. Incompatibility may result in the contamination of the sample and the degradation of thesampling equipment. Appropriate sampling equipment must be compatible chemically and physically.6.2.1 Chemical CompatibilityThe effects of a matrix on the sampling equipment is usually considered

49、in the light of theanalytes, or groups of analytes of interest. For example, poly vinyl chloride (PVC) has been found to degrade in the presence ofmany separate phase organic compounds in water; therefore, it would be preferable to collect ground water samples for organicD6232 164TABLE 1 Equipment SelectionMatrix GuideEquipment(May be used for discrete samplecollectionWater and Waste Water Sediment Soil WasteSurfaceWaterGroundWaterPointDischarge LiquidMulti-LayerLiquidMixed PhaseSolid/LiquidConsolidatedSolidUnconsolidatedSolidPumps and SiphonsAutomatic SamplerNo