ASTM D4130-2008 Standard Test Method for Sulfate Ion in Brackish Water Seawater and Brines《微咸水、海水和盐水中硫酸盐离子的标准试验方法》.pdf
《ASTM D4130-2008 Standard Test Method for Sulfate Ion in Brackish Water Seawater and Brines《微咸水、海水和盐水中硫酸盐离子的标准试验方法》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM D4130-2008 Standard Test Method for Sulfate Ion in Brackish Water Seawater and Brines《微咸水、海水和盐水中硫酸盐离子的标准试验方法》.pdf(4页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: D 4130 08Standard Test Method forSulfate Ion in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4130; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision
2、. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the turbidimetric determinationof sulfate ion in brackish water, seawater, and brines. It hasbeen used succ
3、essfully with synthetic brine grade waters;however, it is the users responsibility to ensure the validity ofthis test method to other matrices.1.2 This test method is applicable to waters having an ionicstrength greater than 0.65 mol/Land a sulfate ion concentrationgreater than 25 mg/L.Aconcentratio
4、n less than 25 mg/Lsulfatecan be determined by using a standard addition method.1.3 For brines having an ionic strength of less than 0.65mol/L, refer to Test Methods D 516.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5
5、This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Docum
6、ents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 516 Test Method for Sulfate Ion in WaterD 1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD 1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD 2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias ofApplicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on WaterD 3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Condu
7、itsD 5810 Guide for Spiking into Aqueous SamplesD 5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specificationsfor Standard Test Methods for Water AnalysisE 275 Practice for Describing and Measuring Performanceof Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometers3. Terminology3.1 Definitions: For definitions of
8、terms used in this testmethod, refer to Terminology D 1129.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A sulfate ion is converted to a barium sulfate suspendedunder controlled conditions. A glycerin-acid solution is addedto acidify and stabilize the suspension. A calculated volume ofa NaCl solution is added to adj
9、ust the ionic strength to a setvalue of 2 mol/L (Note 1). The turbidity resulting uponaddition of barium chloride is determined by a photoelectriccolorimeter and compared to a curve prepared from standardsulfate solutions.NOTE 1The ionic strength (IS) of the sample is calculated from theconcentratio
10、n of the major ion constituents (Na+,Ca2+,Mg2+,Cl), (K+and Sr2+if their concentration exceeds 2000 mg/L) as follows:where:IS, mol/L = 1/2 ( CiZi2,Ci= g/L ion i/molecular weight ion, i, andZi= valence of ion i.5. Significance and Use5.1 The determination of sulfate and other dissolved con-stituents i
11、s important in identifying the source of brinesproduced during the drilling and production phases of crude oilor natural gas.6. Interferences6.1 Suspended matter in the sample must be removed. Darkcolors that cannot be compensated for in the procedureinterfere with the measurement of suspended bariu
12、m sulfate(BaSO4).7. Apparatus7.1 PhotometerA filter photometer or a spectrophotom-eter for measurements between 400 to 450 nm, the preferablewavelength being 425 nm. The cell for the instrument musthave a light path of 20 6 2 mm and hold a volume of 25 mL.1This test method is under the jurisdiction
13、of ASTM Committee D19 on Waterand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituentsin Water.Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2008. Published November 2008. Originallyapproved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 4130 03.2For referenced ASTM standards, vis
14、it the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2
15、959, United States.Filter photometers, spectrophotometers, and photometric prac-tices prescribed in this test method shall conform to PracticeE 275.8. Reagents8.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall beused in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended thatall reagents shall co
16、nform to the specifications of the commit-tee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society,where such specifications are available.3Other grades may beused, providing it is first ascertained that the reagent is ofsufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening theaccuracy of
17、the determination.8.2 Purity of WaterUnless otherwise indicated, referenceto water shall be understood to mean reagent water conformingto Specification D 1193, Type I. Other reagent water types maybe used provided it is first ascertained that the water is ofsufficiently high purity to permit its use
18、 without adverselyaffecting the precision and bias of the test method. Type IIIwater was specified at the time of round robin testing of thistest method. In addition, reagent water used for this test methodshall be sulfate-free.8.3 Barium ChlorideCrystals of barium chloride(BaCL22H2O) screened to 20
19、 to 70 mesh.8.4 Glycerin-Acid SolutionMix 250 mL of glycerin and50 mL of hydrochloric acid (HCl, sp gr 1.19) and dilute to 500mL with water.8.5 Sodium Chloride Solution (5 mol)Dissolve 584.4 g ofsodium chloride (NaCl) containing less than 0.001% SO4inabout 1800 mL of water and dilute to 2 L with wat
20、er.8.6 Sulfate Solution, Standard (1 mL = 1.00 mg SO4=)Dissolve 1.479 g of anhydrous sodium sulfate, (Na2SO4), inwater and dilute to 1 L in a volumetric flask. Alternatively,certified sulfate stock solutions are commercially availablethrough chemical supply vendors and may be used.9. Sampling9.1 Col
21、lect the sample in accordance with Practices D 3370.9.2 Preserve the samples with high purity hydrochloric acidto a pH of two or less immediately at the time of collection (2mL/L).10. Calibration10.1 Prepare standards by adding 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0,8.0, and 10.0 mL of sulfate standard soluti
22、on (1 mL = 1.00 mgSO4=) to separate 100 mLgraduated mixing cylinders.Add 5.0mL of glycerin-acid solution and 40.0 mL of sodium chloridesolution (5 mol) to each of the cylinders and dilute to 100 mLwith water. Adjust the temperature of these solutions to 25 62C. These solutions will contain 1.0, 2.0,
23、 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0,8.0, and 10.0 mg of sulfate ion, respectively.10.2 Follow the procedure as given in 11.6-11.8. Prepare acalibration curve showing sulfate ion content in milligrams onthe linear axis with the corresponding percent transmittance(%T) reading of the photometer on the logarithmic axis
24、 of aone cycle semilogarithmic graph paper (Note 2).NOTE 2The plot of concentration versus %T is not linear but shows aslight s curvature. A separate calibration curve must be prepared for eachphotometer and a new curve must be prepared if it is necessary to changethe photo cell, lamp, filter, or if
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