ASTM D3918-1996(2003) Standard Terminology Relating to Reinforced Plastic Pultruded Products《有关增强塑料挤拉制品的标准术语》.pdf
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1、Designation: D 3918 96 (Reapproved 2003)Standard Terminology Relating toReinforced Plastic Pultruded Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3918; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l
2、ast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These definitions cover terms used in the reinforcedplastics pultrusion industry. In some cases the terms may beidenti
3、cal to those employed in other standards or by otherstandards bodies.NOTE 1There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.2. Terminology Definitionsblack markingblack smudges on the surface of the pul-truded product that cannot be removed by cleaning orscrubbing or wiping with solvent.NOTE 2Black ma
4、rking results from excessive pressures in the diewhen the pultrusion is rubbing against soft or unchromed die surfaces.blistera rounded elevation of the pultruded surface withboundaries that may be more or less sharply defined.NOTE 3The rounded elevation somewhat resembles in shape a blisteron the s
5、urface of human skin. Blisters may exist within the pultrusion asa hollow delaminated area (usually gas-filled) under a raised portion of thesurface.blooming, fibera pultrusion surface condition exhibiting afiber prominence or fiber show that usually has a white orbleached color and a sparkling appe
6、arance.NOTE 4The surface generally feels rough when touched by the fingersand is of superficial thickness easily removed by buffing or light sanding.blooming, undercurea dull and bleached surface color thatis evident in pultruded material not exposed to the weather.NOTE 5This condition is usually th
7、e result of insufficient surface cure.bowa condition of longitudinal curvature in pultruded parts.burna discoloration, distortion, or destruction of the pul-truded surface as a result of thermal decomposition.chipsminor damage to the pultruded surface that removesmaterial but does not cause a crack
8、or craze.concave surfacea local concave curvature in the flat sur-faces of pultruded plastic parts as measured transversely totheir length.convex surfacea local convex curvature in the flat surfacesof pultruded plastic parts as measured transversely to theirlength.cracka visual separation that occur
9、s internally or penetratesdown from the pultruded surface to the equivalent of one fullply or more of reinforcement.cratera small, shallow pultrusion surface imperfection.crazemultiple fine cracks at or under the pultruded surface.craze, hairlinemultiple fine pultrusion surface separationcracks that
10、 exceed14 in. (6.4 mm) in length and do notpenetrate in depth to the equivalent of full ply of reinforce-ment.craze, resinmultiple fine separation cracks at the pultrudedsurface not penetrating into the reinforcement.NOTE 6This condition is usually due to resin shrinkage during cure inresin-rich are
11、as.craze, starmultiple fine pultrusion surface separation cracksexceeding14 in. (6.4 mm) in length but not penetrating indepth to the equivalent of a full ply of reinforcement, thatappear to emanate from a central point.NOTE 7This condition is often caused by impact damage.delaminationthe separation
12、 of two or more layers or plies ofreinforcing material within a pultrusion.die-parting linea lengthwise flash or depression on thesurface of a pultruded plastic part.NOTE 8The die-parting line is associated with the area where separatepieces of the die join together to form the cavity.discolorationa
13、 streak or other pattern on the surface thatcauses a noticeable change of color from the rest of thepultruded surface.dry fibera condition in which fibers are not fully encapsu-lated by resin during pultrusion.dullnessa lack of normal pultruded surface gloss or shine.1These definitions are under the
14、 jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 onPlastics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.18 on ReinforcedThermosetting Plastics.Current edition approved November 1, 2003. Published December 2003.Originally approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 1996 as D 3918 -96.1Copyright
15、ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.NOTE 9This condition can be caused by insufficient cure locally or inlarge areas, resulting in the dull band created on a pultruded part within thedie when the pultrusion process is interrupted br
16、iefly (see stop mark).dwarf widtha condition in which the crosswise (of thedirection of pultrusion) dimension of a flat surface of the partis less than that the die normally would yield for a particularcomposite.NOTE 10This condition is usually caused by a partial blockage of thepultrusion die cavit
17、y caused by “build-up” or particles of the compositeadhering to the cavity surface. This condition is commonly called a “lostedge” when the flat surface has a free edge that is altered by the build-up.exposed underlayerthe underlying layer of mat or rovingnot covered by surface mat in a pultrusion.N
18、OTE 11This condition can be caused by reinforcement shifting, toonarrow surface mat, too wide underlying mat, uneven slitting of surfacemat, or necking down of surface mat or excessive tension in pulling it offthe spindle.fiber bridgingreinforcing fiber material that is found bridg-ing across on an
19、inside radius of a pultruded product.NOTE 12This condition is caused by shrinkage stresses around such aradius during cure.fiber prominencea visible and measurable pattern of thereinforcing material on the surface of a pultruded plasticpart.fiber showstrands or bundles of fibers that are not covered
20、by resin and that are at or above the surface of a reinforcedplastic pultrusion.fish-eyea small globular mass that has not blended com-pletely into the surrounding pultruded material.NOTE 13This condition is particularly evident in a transparent ortranslucent material.flatsa longitudinal flat area o
21、n a normally convex surface ofa pultrusion.NOTE 14This condition may be caused by shifting in the reinforce-ment, lack of sufficient reinforcement, or local fouling of the die surface.folded reinforcementan unintentional or unspecified mis-alignment of mat or fabric reinforcing material in relation
22、tothe contour of a pultruded section.NOTE 15Such folds may or may not affect the surface appearance ofthe pultrusion and are chiefly visible in a cut cross section of the product.Such reinforcement irregularities are usually due to shifting and crowdingof the reinforcing material during pultrusion.f
23、racturecracks, crazing, or delamination, or a combinationthereof, resulting from physical damage to the pultrusion.glassinessa glassy, marbleized, streaked appearance at thepultruded surface.NOTE 16This condition is visually evident, but reinforcement is infact fully encapsulated with resin.gougesse
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