[外语类试卷]考博英语（阅读理解）历年真题试卷汇编4及答案与解析.doc

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1、考博英语（阅读理解）历年真题试卷汇编 4及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 The miserable fate of Enrons employees will be a landmark in business history, one of those awful events that everyone agrees must never be allowed to happen again. This urge is understandable and noble: thousands have lost virtually all their re

2、tirement savings with the demise of Enron stock. But making sure it never happens again may not be possible, because the sudden impoverishment of those Enron workers represents something even larger than it seems. Its the latest turn in the unwinding of one of the most audacious promise of the 20th

3、century. The promise was assured economic security even comfort essentially everyone in the developed world. With the explosion of wealth, that began in the 19th century it became possible to think about a possibility no one had dared to dream before. The fear at the center of daily living since cav

4、eman days-lack of food warmth, shelter would at last lose its power to terrify. That remarkable promise became reality in many ways. Governments created welfare systems for anyone in need and separate programs for the elderly(Social Security in the U. S.). Labor unions promised not only better pay f

5、or workers but also pensions for retirees. Giant corporations came into being and offered the possibility in some cases the promise of lifetime employment plus guaranteed pensions. The cumulative effect was a fundamental change in how millions of people approached life itself, a reversal of attitude

6、 that most rank as one of the largest in human history. For millennia the average persons stance toward providing for himself had been. Ultimately Im on my own. Now it became, ultimately Ill be taken care of. The early hints that this promise might be broken on a large scale came in the 1980s. U. S

7、business had become uncompetitive, globally and began restructuring massively, with huge layoffs. The trend accelerated in the 1990s as the bastions of corporate welfare faced reality. IBM ended its no-layoff policy. AT a pH value of 7 represents a neutral value, and 7. 4 is the pH value of the huma

8、n tear. The pH ratio must be regularly monitored to ensure a consistent optimum ram one usually kept within the spectrum of 7 to 8 as measured by a reliable pH measuring kit. As the chemicals in chlorine complete their reactions, they break down and are no longer effective in keeping the pool water

9、neutralized. Additional chlorine must be added to water at specific times. Outdoor pools that are in direct sunlight need to have water added more often because the chemical reaction time for chlorine is increased and its effectiveness water added more often because the chemical reaction time for ch

10、lorine is increased and its effectiveness is reduced in these conditions. Since the hypochlorite ion is an especially potent chemical capable of fading fabrics and paint, most people are meticulous about rinsing chlorine from potentially affected areas. Although chlorine is inexpensive and widely av

11、ailable, some people find the bleach smell to be repugnant and the, distinct aroma present at many swimming pools to be overwhelming. These people may not be able to enjoy aquatic pursuits in those pools that employ chlorine as a cleansing agent. Other people may find that inhaling chlorine at the h

12、igh levels present around some pools may be difficult to tolerate. Still others may experience skin irritation after swimming in a pool containing chlorine. Although there are other chemicals and compounds available to clean swimming pools, they may be prohibitively expensive or incapable of killing

13、 all types of bacteria present in the water. 12 According to the passage, a stable pH value in pool water is dependent upon which of the following_. （ A） Monitoring and adding chlorine when warranted （ B） Ensuring that there is only a minimum amount of bacteria in the water （ C） Paying close attenti

14、on to the reactions of chemicals in the pool water （ D） Ensuring that water is protected from direct sunlight 13 The authors primary purpose is to_. （ A） offer an unbiased opinion of chlorines efficacy （ B） provide an argument for using chlorine （ C） discuss the chemical reaction taking place within

15、 a pool （ D） show how chlorine can keep pool water safe 14 Based on the passage, which statement is probably NOT true of chlorine? （ A） It can be harmful if swallowed. （ B） Occasional high levels in pool water are probably not harmful. （ C） It can kill most common types of pool water bacteria. （ D）

16、A pools size will dictate the amount needed. 15 The author includes the information about the pH of human tears mainly to_. （ A） give the reader a base of reference （ B） personalize the passage to enhance interest （ C） provide a visual image for the reader （ D） answer the readers anticipated questio

17、n 16 All of the following statements are true about chlorine EXCEPT that_. （ A） chlorines efficacy is affected by sunlight （ B） chlorine is made up of two chemicals; hypochlorous acid and hypochlorine ion （ C） chlorine is usually said to be malodorous （ D） chlorine levels must be routinely assessed

18、in pool water 考博英语（阅读理解）历年真题试卷汇编 4答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 1 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 细节题。答案在第二段最后一句话。本段前面是说人们从远古时代洞穴生活开始就开始担心吃穿住的问题，自从政府、公会和公司推行的这一系列政策开始，人们开始有了经济保障，因此对生活的态度发生了巨大的变化，对未来的展望不再是没有安全感、焦虑，而是感到放心了，所以本题答案选 A。 2 【 正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 细节题。根据第三段最后一句可知，克林顿政府签署了减少福利规模的文件。本题解题的关键要依靠逻辑思维，公司裁员是经济重组的一个部分，

19、但是如果国家不允许这么做，养老金涵盖人大量减少是不太可能实现的，因此 D选项 (正如减少开支 )是正确答案。 3 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 细节题。答案在第三段 “Enron matched a certain proportion of eachemployees 401(k)contribution with company stock， so everyone was going to end upwith some Enron in his or her portfolio， but that could be regarded as a freebie” ，所以答案选 B，可以

20、看出公司提供了本公司的股票，并且被看作是免费品，这是有些只买安然公司股票的一个重要原因。故本题答案为 B。 4 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 排除题。 A选项体现在第六段； C选项体现在文章最后一句话上；B选项也体现在最后一段。只有 D不正确，根据最后一段的 内容，人们要想避免不居安思危这种想法，必须要经过至少一代年轻人，而且这些年轻人要有完全明白他们只能靠自己，这只是一种推测，而答案 D的表述变成了一种陈述语气，这是不对的，答案选 D。 5 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 细节题。 A选项 “因为公司破产了 ”，这并不是这件事情的意义所在，教训使员工不该把所有的积蓄压在本公司股票上这件事；

21、 B选项与文章的意思不符，第一段第 “But making sure is never happens again may not be possible ”可知 D这种事是有可能 再次发生的，而 D选项说的事不会再发生，所以排除 D；C选项 “因为安然公司的员工失去了退休收入 ”，这只是一种表现，并不是这件事情具有重大意义的原因，正确答案选 B，因为只有 B才说出于此次事件的意义：它是经济保障的一个转折点。 6 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 推理题。 A， B， D选项文中都没有提及；在第二段有一句话 “As themean weight of the American populatio

22、n has risen， so has the number of individuals withhigh cholesterol”，即随着美国人口平均体重上升，高胆固醇人数也在不断上升，由此可知美国人体重的增加与它们的饮食有关，答案选 C。 7 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 细节题。这种药物的作用和目的开篇就提到了，在文章的第一行“work to decrease the level of cholesterolin me blood” ，即为了减少胆固醇的含量，这是这种药物被发明出来的动机，也就是最根本的用途，所以答案选 D(减缓体内胆固醇的生产 )。 8 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析

23、】 我们可以看到作者是通过论述他汀类的重要性来行文的，答案选B。 A“列举原因表明为什么他汀类药物是有效的 ”，但是文章并没有通篇都是介绍它的好处，第一段基本是介绍了它的工作原理，第二段讲了它的用处和不能起作用的地方， A不符合文章结构； C“批评美国公众的饮食和健康 ”，与文章不符；D“减少血液中胆固醇的方法 ”，文章主要讲的就是 statin而不是在研究如何减少胆固醇，所以此项排除。 9 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 主旨题。作者的主要观点就是说明 statin能够减少血液中的胆固醇。 B“高胆固醇不仅仅只造成心 脏病 ”，如果说的是这个，那么文章会介绍高胆固醇引起的其他后果，但是文章没

24、有，故不正确； C“大多数人动脉中都有血小板堆积 ”，文中没有提及； D“stains不能减少动脉中的血小板含量 ”，与文章内容不符，排除。因此选 A。 10 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 排除题。第一段第一句就交待了 A选项，选项 B在第一段第一、二句话可知它们的体积有很大的，也有很小的；第一段最后一句话证实了 C选项(他们与两栖动物、苔、马尾共生 )是对的。 11 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 主旨题。这篇文章主要讨论的就是远 古时代的一种植物，故答案选B； A“植物繁殖 ”，如果以为标题，文章说的就应该是植物是怎样繁殖的，那么说的植物就应该是很多种不同种类的植物是怎样繁殖的。 12

25、【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 细节题。从第二段第一句话 “Chlorine must be regularly replenished”以及 “The PH ratio must be regularly monitored to ensure a consistent optimum” 可知正确答案是 A。 13 【正确答案】 D 【试 题解析】 目的题。纵观全文，作者第一段介绍了氯气杀毒的工作原理，第二段介绍了氯气能保持泳池的 pH值在理想的状态，最后说了同其他杀毒剂相比，氯气的消毒效果最好。他她的目的是向人们展示氯气能保持泳池的清洁。因此 D为正确答案。 14 【正确答案】 A 【试题

26、解析】 排除题。文章说人们在游泳的时候很有可能呛水，因而可能会感染严重的疾病，氯气的消毒作用使人们不必担心这个问题，它对人体是无害的，所以选项 A的表述错误，答案选 A。 15 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 推理题。这里提到人类眼泪的 pH值 ，然后说到要保持泳池的 PH值在 7 8这个范围内，说明人眼泪的 pH值是一种参考，答案选 A。 16 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 排除题。 A选项可以在第二段中八到十行找到依据； C“氯气通常被认为有臭味 ”能在第二段找到依据； D“泳池的氯气含量必须定期检测 ”，依据也在第二段。 B选项 “氯气是由次氯酸和次氯酸离子构成的 ”，从第一段的 “These chemicals， especially hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite“ 可以看出，这两种成分只是氯的两种成分之一，氯不只这 两种成分，所以 B选项错误，故本题答案为B。