【考研类试卷】考博英语（阅读理解）历年真题试卷汇编4及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语（阅读理解）历年真题试卷汇编 4及答案解析(总分：32.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：32.00)The miserable fate of Enrons employees will be a landmark in business history, one of those awful events that everyone agrees must never be allowed to happen again. This urge is understandable and noble: thousands ha

2、ve lost virtually all their retirement savings with the demise of Enron stock. But making sure it never happens again may not be possible, because the sudden impoverishment of those Enron workers represents something even larger than it seems. Its the latest turn in the unwinding of one of the most

3、audacious promise of the 20th century. The promise was assured economic security even comfort essentially everyone in the developed world. With the explosion of wealth, that began in the 19th century it became possible to think about a possibility no one had dared to dream before. The fear at the ce

4、nter of daily living since caveman days-lack of food warmth, shelter would at last lose its power to terrify. That remarkable promise became reality in many ways. Governments created welfare systems for anyone in need and separate programs for the elderly(Social Security in the U. S.). Labor unions

5、promised not only better pay for workers but also pensions for retirees. Giant corporations came into being and offered the possibility in some cases the promise of lifetime employment plus guaranteed pensions. The cumulative effect was a fundamental change in how millions of people approached life

6、itself, a reversal of attitude that most rank as one of the largest in human history. For millennia the average persons stance toward providing for himself had been. Ultimately Im on my own. Now it became, ultimately Ill be taken care of. The early hints that this promise might be broken on a large

7、scale came in the 1980s. U. S business had become uncompetitive, globally and began restructuring massively, with huge layoffs. The trend accelerated in the 1990s as the bastions of corporate welfare faced reality. IBM ended its no-layoff policy. AT a pH value of 7 represents a neutral value, and 7.

8、 4 is the pH value of the human tear. The pH ratio must be regularly monitored to ensure a consistent optimum ram one usually kept within the spectrum of 7 to 8 as measured by a reliable pH measuring kit. As the chemicals in chlorine complete their reactions, they break down and are no longer effect

9、ive in keeping the pool water neutralized. Additional chlorine must be added to water at specific times. Outdoor pools that are in direct sunlight need to have water added more often because the chemical reaction time for chlorine is increased and its effectiveness water added more often because the

10、 chemical reaction time for chlorine is increased and its effectiveness is reduced in these conditions. Since the hypochlorite ion is an especially potent chemical capable of fading fabrics and paint, most people are meticulous about rinsing chlorine from potentially affected areas. Although chlorin

11、e is inexpensive and widely available, some people find the bleach smell to be repugnant and the, distinct aroma present at many swimming pools to be overwhelming. These people may not be able to enjoy aquatic pursuits in those pools that employ chlorine as a cleansing agent. Other people may find t

12、hat inhaling chlorine at the high levels present around some pools may be difficult to tolerate. Still others may experience skin irritation after swimming in a pool containing chlorine. Although there are other chemicals and compounds available to clean swimming pools, they may be prohibitively exp

13、ensive or incapable of killing all types of bacteria present in the water.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, a stable pH value in pool water is dependent upon which of the following_.（分数：2.00）A.Monitoring and adding chlorine when warrantedB.Ensuring that there is only a minimum amount of bacter

14、ia in the waterC.Paying close attention to the reactions of chemicals in the pool waterD.Ensuring that water is protected from direct sunlight(2).The authors primary purpose is to_.（分数：2.00）A.offer an unbiased opinion of chlorines efficacyB.provide an argument for using chlorineC.discuss the chemica

15、l reaction taking place within a poolD.show how chlorine can keep pool water safe(3).Based on the passage, which statement is probably NOT true of chlorine?（分数：2.00）A.It can be harmful if swallowed.B.Occasional high levels in pool water are probably not harmful.C.It can kill most common types of poo

16、l water bacteria.D.A pools size will dictate the amount needed.(4).The author includes the information about the pH of human tears mainly to_.（分数：2.00）A.give the reader a base of referenceB.personalize the passage to enhance interestC.provide a visual image for the readerD.answer the readers anticip

17、ated question(5).All of the following statements are true about chlorine EXCEPT that_.（分数：2.00）A.chlorines efficacy is affected by sunlightB.chlorine is made up of two chemicals; hypochlorous acid and hypochlorine ionC.chlorine is usually said to be malodorousD.chlorine levels must be routinely asse

18、ssed in pool water考博英语（阅读理解）历年真题试卷汇编 4答案解析(总分：32.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：32.00)The miserable fate of Enrons employees will be a landmark in business history, one of those awful events that everyone agrees must never be allowed to happen again. This urge is understandable and no

19、ble: thousands have lost virtually all their retirement savings with the demise of Enron stock. But making sure it never happens again may not be possible, because the sudden impoverishment of those Enron workers represents something even larger than it seems. Its the latest turn in the unwinding of

20、 one of the most audacious promise of the 20th century. The promise was assured economic security even comfort essentially everyone in the developed world. With the explosion of wealth, that began in the 19th century it became possible to think about a possibility no one had dared to dream before. T

21、he fear at the center of daily living since caveman days-lack of food warmth, shelter would at last lose its power to terrify. That remarkable promise became reality in many ways. Governments created welfare systems for anyone in need and separate programs for the elderly(Social Security in the U. S

22、.). Labor unions promised not only better pay for workers but also pensions for retirees. Giant corporations came into being and offered the possibility in some cases the promise of lifetime employment plus guaranteed pensions. The cumulative effect was a fundamental change in how millions of people

23、 approached life itself, a reversal of attitude that most rank as one of the largest in human history. For millennia the average persons stance toward providing for himself had been. Ultimately Im on my own. Now it became, ultimately Ill be taken care of. The early hints that this promise might be b

24、roken on a large scale came in the 1980s. U. S business had become uncompetitive, globally and began restructuring massively, with huge layoffs. The trend accelerated in the 1990s as the bastions of corporate welfare faced reality. IBM ended its no-layoff policy. AT a pH value of 7 represents a neut

25、ral value, and 7. 4 is the pH value of the human tear. The pH ratio must be regularly monitored to ensure a consistent optimum ram one usually kept within the spectrum of 7 to 8 as measured by a reliable pH measuring kit. As the chemicals in chlorine complete their reactions, they break down and are

26、 no longer effective in keeping the pool water neutralized. Additional chlorine must be added to water at specific times. Outdoor pools that are in direct sunlight need to have water added more often because the chemical reaction time for chlorine is increased and its effectiveness water added more

27、often because the chemical reaction time for chlorine is increased and its effectiveness is reduced in these conditions. Since the hypochlorite ion is an especially potent chemical capable of fading fabrics and paint, most people are meticulous about rinsing chlorine from potentially affected areas.

28、 Although chlorine is inexpensive and widely available, some people find the bleach smell to be repugnant and the, distinct aroma present at many swimming pools to be overwhelming. These people may not be able to enjoy aquatic pursuits in those pools that employ chlorine as a cleansing agent. Other

29、people may find that inhaling chlorine at the high levels present around some pools may be difficult to tolerate. Still others may experience skin irritation after swimming in a pool containing chlorine. Although there are other chemicals and compounds available to clean swimming pools, they may be

30、prohibitively expensive or incapable of killing all types of bacteria present in the water.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, a stable pH value in pool water is dependent upon which of the following_.（分数：2.00）A.Monitoring and adding chlorine when warranted B.Ensuring that there is only a minimu

31、m amount of bacteria in the waterC.Paying close attention to the reactions of chemicals in the pool waterD.Ensuring that water is protected from direct sunlight解析：解析：细节题。从第二段第一句话“Chlorine must be regularly replenished”以及“The PH ratio must be regularly monitored to ensure a consistent optimum”可知正确答案是

32、 A。(2).The authors primary purpose is to_.（分数：2.00）A.offer an unbiased opinion of chlorines efficacyB.provide an argument for using chlorineC.discuss the chemical reaction taking place within a poolD.show how chlorine can keep pool water safe 解析：解析：目的题。纵观全文，作者第一段介绍了氯气杀毒的工作原理，第二段介绍了氯气能保持泳池的 pH值在理想的状态

33、，最后说了同其他杀毒剂相比，氯气的消毒效果最好。他她的目的是向人们展示氯气能保持泳池的清洁。因此 D为正确答案。(3).Based on the passage, which statement is probably NOT true of chlorine?（分数：2.00）A.It can be harmful if swallowed. B.Occasional high levels in pool water are probably not harmful.C.It can kill most common types of pool water bacteria.D.A poo

34、ls size will dictate the amount needed.解析：解析：排除题。文章说人们在游泳的时候很有可能呛水，因而可能会感染严重的疾病，氯气的消毒作用使人们不必担心这个问题，它对人体是无害的，所以选项 A的表述错误，答案选 A。(4).The author includes the information about the pH of human tears mainly to_.（分数：2.00）A.give the reader a base of reference B.personalize the passage to enhance interestC.p

35、rovide a visual image for the readerD.answer the readers anticipated question解析：解析：推理题。这里提到人类眼泪的 pH值，然后说到要保持泳池的 PH值在 78 这个范围内，说明人眼泪的 pH值是一种参考，答案选 A。(5).All of the following statements are true about chlorine EXCEPT that_.（分数：2.00）A.chlorines efficacy is affected by sunlightB.chlorine is made up of t

36、wo chemicals; hypochlorous acid and hypochlorine ion C.chlorine is usually said to be malodorousD.chlorine levels must be routinely assessed in pool water解析：解析：排除题。A 选项可以在第二段中八到十行找到依据；C“氯气通常被认为有臭味”能在第二段找到依据；D“泳池的氯气含量必须定期检测”，依据也在第二段。B 选项“氯气是由次氯酸和次氯酸离子构成的”，从第一段的“These chemicals，especially hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite“可以看出，这两种成分只是氯的两种成分之一，氯不只这两种成分，所以 B选项错误，故本题答案为 B。