ASTM B49-1998(2004) Standard Specification for Copper Rod Drawing Stock for Electrical Purposes《电气用再拉延的铜条材的标准规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: B 49 98 (Reapproved 2004)Standard Specification forCopper Rod Drawing Stock for Electrical Purposes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 49; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of

2、last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers the requi

3、rements for rod draw-ing stock in diameters from14 to 138 in. (6.4 to 35 mm)produced from electrolytic tough-pitch or oxygen-free coppersand are suitable for further fabrication into electrical conduc-tors.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are the standard.The values given in parentheses are

4、 for information only.1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only toSection 13. This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices a

5、nd determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 The following documents in the current issue of theBook of Standards form a part of this specification to the extentreferenced herein and define materials suitable for use in rodmanufacture:2.2 ASTM Sta

6、ndards:2B 5 Specification for High Conductivity Tough-Pitch Cop-per Refinery ShapesB 115 Specification for Electrolytic Copper CathodeB 170 Specification for Oxygen-Free Electrolytic CopperRefinery ShapesB 193 Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical ConductorMaterialsB 224 Classification of Copper

7、sB 577 Test Methods for Detection of Cuprous Oxide (Hy-drogen Embrittlement Susceptibility) in CopperB 846 Terminology for Copper and Copper AlloysE 8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic MaterialsE 18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and RockwellSuperficial Hardness of Metallic MaterialsE

8、 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE 53 Test Methods for Determination of Copper in Unal-loyed Copper by GravimetryE 478 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of CopperAlloys2.3 Other Document:NBS Handbook 100 Copper Wire Tables33. Terminol

9、ogy3.1 For definitions of general terms relating to copper andcopper alloys refer to Terminology B 846.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for rod under this specification shall include thefollowing information:4.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue,4.1.2 Quantity of each size,4.1.3 Type and require

10、ments of copper (Sections 5-10),4.1.4 Finish (Sections 9 and 10),4.1.5 Package with or without joints (see 5.3),4.1.6 Rod diameter (see 9.2),4.1.7 Inspection (Section 15),4.1.8 Package size (see 19.1), and4.1.9 Special package marking as agreed upon between themanufacturer and the purchaser (Section

11、 19).4.2 The following requirements are optional and should bespecified in the contract or purchase order when required.4.2.1 Certification (Section 17) and4.2.2 Test Report (Section 18).5. Material and Manufacture5.1 The rod shall be fabricated from copper of such qualityand purity that the finishe

12、d product shall have the propertiesand characteristics prescribed in this specification.NOTE 1The following specifications define materials suitable for use:1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B05 on Copperand Copper Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee

13、 B05.07 onRefined Copper.Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published May 2004. Originallyapproved in 1923. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as B 49 98e2.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book

14、 of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from the National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port RoyalRd., Springfield, VA 22161.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International,

15、 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Specification B 5, or Specification B 115, or Specification B 170.5.2 Copper of special qualities, forms, or types, as agreedupon between the manufacturer and the purchaser and that willconform to the requirements p

16、rescribed in this specificationmay also be used.5.3 The rod coils shall be furnished in continuous lengthswith or without joints, as ordered.6. Chemical Composition6.1 Each rod type shall conform to the chemical composi-tion requirements prescribed in Table 1 for the type of copperordered (Section 4

17、).6.2 By agreement between the manufacturer and the pur-chaser, the addition of silver up to an average of 30 troy oz pershort ton of copper (0.10 %) will be considered within thespecification, copper including silver in the chemical analysis,with no individual silver analysis to exceed 35 troy oz p

18、er shortton (0.12 %). In the case of oxygen-free silver-bearing coppers,the designation OFS (oxygen-free, silver-bearing) will be usedas shown in Classification B 224 and will include the UNSNos. C10400, C10500, and C10700 as defined by the agreedsilver content.6.3 Silver-bearing tough-pitch copper

19、corresponds to thedesignation STP (silver-bearing tough-pitch) as shown inClassification B 224 and to coppers having UNS Nos. C11300,C11400, C11500, and C11600.6.4 Oxygen ContentOxygen-free copper as describedherein is defined as a copper containing not in excess of0.0010 % (10 ppm) oxygen and produ

20、ced without the use ofmetallic or other deoxidizers.7. Physical Property Requirements7.1 Electrical ResistivityResistivity of the copper in theannealed condition (See Note X1.1) shall not exceed thefollowing values at 20C:Type of Copper Resistivity, max, at 20CAnnealed, V g/m2UNS C10100 only 0.15176

21、 (101.00 % IACS min)All others 0.15328 (100.00 % IACS min)8. Mechanical Property Requirements8.1 Tensile TestsRod finished by hot working or annealingshall have a minimum elongation of 30 % in 10 in. (250 mm).(Note X1.2 and Test Methods E 8.)8.2 Torsion TestsIf torsion tests are requested, refer toN

22、ote X1.3.8.3 Embrittlement (Bend) Test:8.3.1 A test to reflect propensity towards hydrogen em-brittlement shall be performed only on oxygen-free copper.8.3.2 The specimen shall be tested in accordance with 13.6and Specification B 170.8.3.3 The specimen, prepared and tested from the OFE(oxygen-free e

23、lectronic) copper (UNS C10100) listed in Table1, shall withstand without breaking into two pieces, a minimumof ten (10) reverse bends.8.3.4 The specimen, prepared and tested from the OF(oxygen-free) copper (UNS C10200) listed in Table 1, shallwithstand, without breaking into two pieces, a minimum of

24、eight (8) reverse bends.8.4 AnnealabilityAnnealability is not a requirement ofthis specification. However, a discussion will be found in NotesX1.4-X1.6.9. Other Requirements9.1 Surface OxideThe surface oxide film thickness shallbe determined in accordance with 13.5.9.1.1 Total thickness of the coppe

25、r oxide film on cleanedcopper rod or annealed shaved rod or cold-finished rod shallnot exceed 1000 (107m).9.1.2 The residual oxide film thickness on as-shaved roddoes not need to be specified.9.1.3 A surface oxide requirement is not necessary for rodordered uncleaned.9.2 DiameterThe diameter of the

26、rod at any point shallnot vary from that specified by more than the amountsprescribed in Table 2.TABLE 1 Chemical CompositionAUNS NumberCopper TypeC11040ETPBC10100OFECC10200OFDC11000ETPCopper, min 99.90 %E99.99 %E99.95 %Fincl silver99.90 %Fincl silverppm ppm ppm ppmTellurium, max 2 2 . . . . . .Sele

27、nium, max 2 3 . . . . . .Bismuth, max 1.0 1.0 . . . . . .Group total, max 3 . . . . . . . . .Antimony, max 4 4 . . . . . .Arsenic, max 5 5 . . . . . .Tin, max 5 2 . . . . . .Lead, max 5 5 . . . . . .Iron, max 10 10 . . . . . .Nickel, max 10 10 . . . . . .Sulfur, max 15 15 . . . . . .Silver, max 25 2

28、5 . . . . . .Oxygen 100650 5 max 10 max . . .Maximum allowabletotal65G. . .Cadmium, max . . . 1 . . . . . .Phosphorus, max . . . 3 . . . . . .Zinc, max . . . 1 . . . . . .Manganese, max . . . 0.5 . . . . . .ASee 13.1.2.BFrom B 115 Grade 1 copper or equivalent.CFrom B 170 Grade 1 copper or equivalent

29、.DFrom B 170 Grade 2 copper or equivalent.EBy difference. See 13.1.2 and 13.1.3.FSee 13.1.1.GNot including oxygen.TABLE 2 Permissible Variations in DiameterNominal Diameter, in. (mm)Permissible Variation, in.(mm)14 (6.4) +0.020 (+0.51)0.010 (0.25)Over14 (6.4) to34 in. (19 mm) incl. 60.015 (60.38)Ove

30、r34 (19) to 1.0 in. (25 mm) incl. 60.020 (60.51)Over 1.0 (25) to 138 in. (35 mm) incl. 60.030 (60.76)B 49 98 (2004)210. Workmanship, Finish and Appearance10.1 The rod shall be free of defects, but blemishes of anature that do not interfere with the intended application areacceptable.11. Sampling11.1

31、 This procedure shall be used in case of dispute betweenthe manufacturer and the purchaser.11.2 One sample shall be taken from each 200 000-lb(90 000-kg) lot for resistivity, elongation, surface oxide, em-brittlement (bend) test, and chemical analysis.11.3 When a cast refinery shape has been chemica

32、llyanalyzed and converted into rod without remelting, furtherchemical analysis shall not be required.12. Number of Tests and Retests12.1 Tests:12.1.1 Chemical AnalysisChemical composition shall bedetermined as per the element mean of the results from at leasttwo replicate analyses of the sample(s).1

33、2.1.2 Other Tests:12.1.2.1 Electrical Resistivity, Elongation, and SurfaceOxideResults shall be reported as the average obtained fromat least two test specimens, each taken from a separate testpiece where possible.12.1.2.2 Hydrogen Embrittlement Test and MicroscopicalExaminationAll specimens tested

34、must meet the require-ments of the specification.12.2 Retests:12.2.1 When requested by the manufacturer or supplier, aretest shall be permitted when results of tests obtained by thepurchaser fail to conform to the requirements of the productspecification.12.2.2 The retest shall be as directed in the

35、 product speci-fication for the initial test except the number of test specimensshall be twice that normally required for the specified test.12.2.3 All test specimens shall conform to the productspecification requirement(s) in retest. Failure to conform shallbe cause for rejection.13. Test Methods13

36、.1 Chemical Analysis:13.1.1 In case of dispute, determine copper content of thecoppers other than UNS C10100 and UNS C11040 in Table 1in accordance with Test Method E 53.13.1.2 Analytical method for determining impurity levels ofcoppers listed in Table 1 shall be in accordance with Specifi-cation B

37、115.13.1.3 Calculate copper content of UNS C10100 and UNSC11040 types by subtracting from 100 % the total impurityconcentration determined. The impurity total for UNS C10100is defined as the sum of sulfur, silver, lead, tin, bismuth,arsenic, antimony, iron, nickel, zinc, phosphorus, selenium,telluri

38、um, manganese, cadmium, and oxygen present in thesample. The impurity total for UNS C11040 is defined as thesum of sulfur, silver, lead, tin, bismuth, arsenic, antimony, iron,nickel, selenium, tellurium, and oxygen present in the sample.13.1.4 The test methods annex of Specification B 170should be r

39、eferenced for the oxygen-free coppers. Test MethodE 478 should be referenced for the determination of silver-bearing alloys permitted under this specification.13.1.5 Oxygen content is determined on cleaned coppersamples using a suitable laboratory apparatus or a commercialinstrument designed specifi

40、cally for this purpose. An ASTMmethod has not been developed.13.2 ElongationDetermine the elongation as the perma-nent increase in length, caused by breaking of the rod intension, measured between gage marks placed originally 10 in.(250 mm) apart upon the test specimen (Note X1.2). Thefracture shall

41、 be between gage marks and not closer than 1 in.(25 mm) to either gage mark.13.3 Electrical Resistivity:13.3.1 At the option of the manufacturer, electrical resistiv-ity may be determined in accordance with 13.3.2 or 13.3.3.However, in case of dispute, 13.3.2 shall apply.13.3.2 Make resistance measu

42、rements (Note X1.3) on speci-mens of the rod after cleaning and processing down to adiameter of approximately 0.080 in. (2.0 mm) and annealing atapproximately 932F (500C) for 30 min. Other equivalentannealing methods may be used. Test specimens processed toa diameter other than 0.080 in. may be used

43、 if agreed uponbetween the manufacturer and the purchaser.13.3.3 Resistance measurements may be determined onspecimens of the rod after cleaning, but without furtherprocessing and annealing. However, in the event of failure of arod specimen to conform to the criteria of 7.1, a retest ispermitted usi

44、ng the procedure of 13.3.2.13.3.4 Determine the electrical resistivity in accordancewith Test Method B 193 except that when the option of 13.3.3is elected, the plus and minus tolerance for the cross-sectionalarea as specified in Test Method B 193 shall not apply.TABLE 3 Equivalent Resistivity Values

45、AConductivity at 68F (20C), % IACS 100.00 101.00V lb/mile2875.20 866.53V g/m20.153 28 0.151 76V c mil/ft 10.371 10.268V mm2/m 0.017 241 0 0.017 070V in. 0.678 79 0.672 07V cm 1.7241 1.7070AThe equivalent resistivity values for 100 % IACS (soft copper) were eachcomputed from the fundamental IEC value

46、 (1/58 V mm2/m) using conversionfactors each accurate to at least seven significant figures.FIG. 1 Schematic Illustration Showing Electrolytic Reduction TestMethodB 49 98 (2004)313.4 DiameterMeasure the diameter of the rod with asuitable measuring device, micrometer, caliper or other, read-ing at le

47、ast to the nearest 0.001 in. (0.02 mm).13.5 Surface Oxide:13.5.1 Determine the thickness and type of unreduced oxidefilms remaining on the surface of rod after cleaning by anelectrolytic reduction method. This test is performed by reduc-ing the surface oxide(s) to copper in an electrolytic cell.4Ass

48、hown by the schematic diagram in Fig. 1, the test sample ismade cathodic with respect to an anode, which shall be madefrom a platinum wire or an equivalent inert electrode. Supplycurrent from a dc power supply or a coulometer. Although 10milliampere (mA) is a typical value of current, it is best to

49、haveequipment capable of operating in the range of 1 to 20 mA. Theelectrolyte shall be a 0.1M solution of sodium carbonate andshall cover at least 4 in. (101.6 mm) of the test sample. Beforetesting, clean each rod sample of oil or grease using acetone oran equivalent solvent.13.5.2 Each of the oxides found on copper, namely cuprousand cupric, are reduced sequentially to copper at differentreduction potentials, and the voltages are to be recorded againsttime during the entire test. When the individual reactionsbetween the oxides and h