ASTM A973 A973M-2007 Standard Specification for Grade 100 Alloy Steel Chain《100级合金钢链标准规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: A 973/A 973M 07Standard Specification forGrade 100 Alloy Steel Chain1This standard is issued under the fixed designationA973/A973M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in

2、 parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers Grade 100 heat-treated alloysteel chain for such applications as slings, lifting assemblies,and load binding.NOTE 1T

3、his specification does not cover alloy steel chain for pocketwheel applications.1.2 This specification is a performance standard for Grade100 chain used between 20 and 400F 29 and 205C. Thechain manufacturer should be contacted for use at temperaturesoutside this range.1.3 The Grade designation is11

4、0 of the minimum breakingstrength in newtons divided by two times the nominal cross-sectional area of the chain in square millimetres.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or in other units shallbe regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; ther

5、efore, each systemmust be used independently of the other, without combiningvalues in any way.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 29/A 29M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon andAlloy,Hot-Wrought, General Requirements forA 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology forChemical Analysis o

6、f Steel ProductsA 941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Re-lated Alloys, and Ferroalloys2.2 SAE Standard:SAE J422 Microscopic Determination of Inclusions inSteels33. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 breaking force, minimum, nminimum force inpounds or

7、newtons at which the chain, during manufacture, hasbeen found by testing to break when a constantly increasingforce is applied in direct tension.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThis test is a manufacturers attributeacceptance test and shall not be used as criteria for service.3.1.2 date code, nseries of letters,

8、numbers, or bothembossed on the chain which enables its manufacturing historyto be traced.3.1.3 lot, nfor the purpose of acceptance testing, a lotshall consist of 3000 ft 1000 m, or fraction thereof, of thesame size chain. If a continuous length of chain exceeds 3000ft 1000 m, it shall also be consi

9、dered a lot.3.1.4 proof test, nquality control tensile test applied tochain for the purpose of verifying weld and material quality.3.1.4.1 DiscussionIt is the minimum force in pounds ornewtons which the chain has withstood at the time it left theproducer, under a test in which a constantly increasin

10、g forcehas been applied in direct tension to a straight length of chain.Proof test loads are a manufacturing integrity test and shall notbe used as criteria for service or design purposes.3.1.5 traceability code, nseries of letters, numbers, orboth embossed on the chain which enables its manufacturi

11、nghistory, including the identity of the steel heat, to be traced.3.1.6 working load limit (WLL), nmaximum combinedstatic and dynamic load in pounds or kilograms that shall beapplied in direct tension to an undamaged straight length ofchain.4. Ordering Information4.1 It shall be the responsibility o

12、f the purchaser to specifyall requirements that are necessary for material ordered underthis specification. Such requirements include, but are notlimited to, the following:4.1.1 Product to conform to Specification A 973/A 973Mand date of issue,4.1.2 Nominal size of chain (in. or mm),4.1.3 Quantity o

13、f chain (ft or m),4.1.4 Length of each piece, if required,4.1.5 Finish, if required,1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.27 on Steel Chain.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2

14、007. Published November 2007. Originallyapproved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as A 973/A 973M 01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to

15、the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Drive,Warrendale, PA 15096.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken,

16、PA 19428-2959, United States.4.1.6 Certification of test(s), if required,4.1.7 Acceptance of inspection by purchaser, if required,and4.1.8 Supplementary requirements, if required.5. Manufacturing5.1 Melting ProcessThe alloy steel shall be fully killedand have an austenitic grain size of five or fine

17、r.5.2 Welding ProcessAlloy steel chain may be made by theelectric welding or gas welding process.5.3 Heat TreatmentAfter welding, alloy steel chain shallbe heat treated before applying the proof test. Heat treatmentshall include quenching and tempering as defined by Termi-nology A 941.6. Material Re

18、quirements6.1 Heat AnalysisThe selection and amounts of the alloy-ing elements in the steel are left to the judgment of theindividual chain manufacturer provided the steel meets thefollowing criteria: carbon = 0.35 % max; phosphorous =0.025 % max; sulfur = 0.025 % max. The following elementsmust all

19、 be present in alloying amounts, nickel (0.40% min),chromium (0.40% min), and molybdenum (0.15% min). Thesteel shall have oxide and silicate inclusions of 4 or less asdetermined by SAE J422.6.2 Product AnalysisThe steel used may be analyzed bythe purchaser and shall conform to the requirements of 6.

20、1subject to the product analysis tolerances specified in Specifi-cation A 29/A 29M. Test samples may be taken from rods,bars, or finished chain. Samples for analysis shall be so takenas to represent the full cross section of the specimen.6.3 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A 751 shallbe use

21、d for referee purposes.7. Mechanical Requirements7.1 Proof TestAll chain shall be tested to at least the proofload prescribed in Table 1 for the appropriate size chain. Whenso tested it shall withstand these loads without loss of chainintegrity. Links or chain segments not withstanding the prooftest

22、 load shall be removed from the chain.7.2 Breaking ForceThe breaking force test specimen shallconsist of a length from the lot containing at least the numberof links in Table 2. All chain shall be in the quenched andtempered condition before the breaking force is measured.7.2.1 Fixtures for securing

23、 chain in a testing machine shallbe properly designed to support securely the shoulder of thelink (see Note 2). The opening in the fixture shall not be morethan 125 % of the stock diameter being tested. Links engagedin the testing fixture shall not be considered part of the testspecimen.NOTE 2“U” bo

24、lts of the same or larger diameter and the same orgreater strength may be used to secure the chain to the jaws of the testingmachine.7.2.2 Test results shall meet or exceed the minimum break-ing force values given in Table 1 for the appropriate size chain.7.3 Elongation:7.3.1 All chain must be in th

25、e quenched and temperedcondition before the elongation is measured.7.3.2 The elongation test specimen shall consist of a lengthfrom the lot containing at least the number of links in Table 2.7.3.3 A positive load not exceeding 10 % of the proof testshall be applied for determining the original gage

26、length(L0).7.3.4 The elongation shall be based on the total extension atfracture. This is expressed as a percentage of the change inlength (DL) divided by the original gage length (L0). Theelongation may be determined by the equation below or byautographic recorder or side scale.Elongation %! 5 $DL/

27、L$0% % 3 100where:DL = test specimen final length at fracture test speci-men original gage length (L0), andL0 = original gage length (sum or the inside lengths ofthe test chain links, not counting the fixture links, oras determined in 7.3.3).7.3.5 The elongation shall be a minimum of 20 %.7.4 One te

28、st for breaking strength and elongation shall bemade from each lot. The elongation and breaking force testsmay be performed at the same time on the same test specimen.TABLE 1 Grade 100 Alloy Chain Mechanical and Dimensional RequirementsNominal ChainSizeMaterial Diameter Working Load Limit(max)Proof

29、Test (min) Minimum BreakingForceInside Length (max) Inside Width Rangein. mm in. mm lb kg lb kN lb kN in. mm in. mm732 5.5 0.217 5.5 2700 1220 5400 23.8 10 800 47.6 0.69 17.6 0.281 to 0.325 7.14 to 8.25932 7 0.276 7.0 4300 1950 8600 38.5 17 200 77 0.90 22.9 0.375 to 0.430 9.53 to 10.92516 8 0.315 8.

30、0 5700 2600 11 400 51 22 800 102 1.04 26.4 0.430 to 0.500 10.92 to 12.7038 10 0.394 10.0 8800 4000 17 600 79 35 200 158 1.26 32.0 0.512 to 0.600 13.00 to 15.2012 13 0.512 13.0 15 000 6800 30 000 134 60 000 268 1.64 41.6 0.688 to 0.768 17.48 to 19.5058 16 0.630 16.0 22 600 10 300 45 200 201 90 400 40

31、2 2.02 51.2 0.812 to 0.945 20.63 to 24.0034 20 0.787 20.0 35 300 16 000 70 600 315 141 200 630 2.52 64.0 0.984 to 1.18 25.0 to 30.078 22 0.866 22.0 42 700 19 400 85 400 381 170 800 762 2.77 70.4 1.08 to 1.30 27.5 to 33.0TABLE 2 Mechanical Test Sample Length RequirementsSize of ChainMinimum Number of

32、Linksin Test Specimen732 in. 5.5 mm 9Larger than732 in. 5.5 mm but lessthan34 in. 20.0 mm734 in. 20.0 mm and larger 3A 973/A 973M 0728. Dimensional Requirements8.1 The chain shall conform to the dimensional require-ments specified in Table 1 for the appropriate size chain.8.2 DiameterThe diameter of

33、 the material from which thechain is manufactured shall not be smaller than the materialdiameter listed in Table 1 within the following tolerance: 3 %.Oversized material may be used for all applications.9. Finish9.1 The manufacturer may apply a surface treatment orfinish of their own choice for iden

34、tification or corrosionresistance unless the customer specifies otherwise. The surfacetreatment or finish shall not alter the chain properties in amanner that would cause the chain to not meet the otherprovisions of this standard.10. Retests10.1 If the original test specimen fails to conform to ther

35、equirements in 7.2.2, two additional test specimens from thesame lot may be tested, each of which shall conform to therequirements in 7.2.2. If both additional tests are satisfactory,the chain will be considered acceptable.11. Rework and Retreatment11.1 Materials that fail to conform to the requirem

36、ents fordimensions and mechanical tests may be resubmitted afterbeing reworked.12. Inspection12.1 When requested on the purchase order or contract, thechain shall be free of paint or other coatings which could masksurface discontinuities at the time of inspection.12.2 The manufacturer shall afford t

37、he purchasers inspectorall reasonable facilities necessary to verify that the chainproduced is being furnished in accordance with this specifica-tion. Inspection by the purchaser shall not interfere unneces-sarily with the manufacturers operations. All tests and inspec-tion shall be made at the plac

38、e of manufacture, unlessotherwise agreed upon.12.3 The purchaser may make the tests to govern accep-tance or rejection of the chain at their own laboratory orelsewhere. Tests and acceptance criteria shall conform to therequirements contained in this specification unless otherwisestated in the purcha

39、se order or contract. Tests at the purchaserslaboratory or elsewhere shall be made at the expense of thepurchaser.13. Rejection and Rehearing13.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements ofthis specification may be rejected. Rejection shall be reportedto the producer or supplier promptly a

40、nd in writing.13.2 In the case of dissatisfaction with the results of the testdiscussed in 12.3, the producer or supplier may make claim fora rehearing.14. Certification14.1 A manufacturers certification that the chain conformsto the ordered specification (including year or issue) shall befurnished

41、when requested on the purchase order or contract.14.2 When requested on the purchase order or contract, themanufacturer shall furnish a certificate of proof test to thepurchaser or his representative.15. Product Marking15.1 Body chain links shall not be marked with indentedcharacters.15.2 Body chain

42、 links shall be marked for identificationpurposes at intervals no greater than 3 ft 0.9 m.15.3 The marking shall consist of at least the grade indica-tor, the manufacturers mark or symbol, and the traceabilitycode or date code.15.4 The grade indicator marking for Grade 100 shallinclude 10, 100, or 1

43、000.16. Keywords16.1 chain; steel chainSUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSThe following Supplementary Requirements shall apply only when specified in the purchasing orderor contract.S1. Weld Bend TestS1.1 When specified by the purchaser in the order orcontract, each chain lot shall be subjected to the weld b

44、end test.S2. Test RequirementsS2.1 Test EquipmentThe bend test equipment shall com-ply with the requirements shown in Fig. S1.1, where theV-Block angle shall be 90 and the diameter of the anvil shallbe approximately twice the diameter of the chain being tested.S2.2 Test ProcedureA shock-free force i

45、s applied to thecenter of the link by the anvil and each single link shall bedeformed a distance of 0.8 times the diameter of the chain link.S2.3 Selection of SamplesSamples shall be tested fromeach lot and shall be in the final heat treated condition. Onesample per welding head shall be tested for

46、all sizes.S2.4 Acceptance CriteriaThe link shall be examined aftertesting and shall be free of any visible defects such as cracks inthe area at and around the weld.S2.5 RetestsIf both original samples for58 in. 16 mmor smaller chain fail the weld bend test, the lot is consideredrejected. If only one

47、 sample for the58 in. 16 mm and smallerchain fails, or the original sample for34 in. 20 mm or largerchain fails, two additional test samples from the same lot maybe tested. If both retests conform to the acceptance criteria inS2.4, the chain will be considered acceptable.A 973/A 973M 073SUMMARY OF C

48、HANGESCommittee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(A 973/A 973M 01) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Nov. 1, 2007.)(1) Added 1.3.(2) Revised Section 2.(3) Added new terms to Section 3.(4) Added new referenced document citation

49、s to 5.3 and 6.3.(5) Revised Section 9.(6) Revised 13.1 and 13.2.(7) Revised 15.3 and 15.4.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technica