ASD-STAN PREN 4860-2018 Aerospace series Environmental testing Test Xb Abrasion of markings letterings surfaces and materials caused by rubbing of fingertips and hands (Edition P 1.pdf

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1、ASD-STAN STANDARD NORME ASD-STAN ASD-STAN NORM ASD-STAN prEN 4860 Edition P 1 June 2018 PUBLISHED BY THE AEROSPACE AND DEFENCE INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION OF EUROPE - STANDARDIZATION Rue Montoyer 10 - 1000 Brussels - Tel. + 32 2 775 8126 - Fax. + 32 2 775 8131 - www.asd-stan.org ICS: Descriptors: ENGLISH

2、 VERSION Aerospace series Environmental testing Test Xb: Abrasion of markings, letterings, surfaces and materials caused by rubbing of fingertips and hands Luft- und Raumfahrt Umweltprfung Abrasiver Verschlei von Bedruckungen, Beschriftungen, Oberflchen und Materialien verursacht durch die Reibung d

3、er Fingerkuppe oder der Hand Srie arospatiale Essais denvironnement Essai Xb : Abrasion de marques, lettres, surfaces et matriaux par cause de frottement de doigts et de mains This “Aerospace Series“ Prestandard has been drawn up under the responsibility of ASD-STAN (The AeroSpace and Defence Indust

4、ries Association of Europe - Standardization). It is published for the needs of the European Aerospace Industry. It has been technically approved by the experts of the concerned Domain following member comments. Subsequent to the publication of this Prestandard, the technical content shall not be ch

5、anged to an extent that interchangeability is affected, physically or functionally, without re-identification of the standard. After examination and review by users and formal agreement of ASD-STAN, the ASD-STAN prEN will be submitted as a draft European Standard (prEN) to CEN (European Committee fo

6、r Standardization) for formal vote and transformation to full European Standard (EN). The CEN national members have then to implement the EN at national level by giving the EN the status of a national standard and by withdrawing any national standards conflicting with the EN. ASD-STAN Technical Comm

7、ittee approves that: “This document is published by ASD-STAN for the needs of the European Aerospace Industry. The use of this standard is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, is the sole responsibility

8、 of the user.” ASD-STAN reviews each standard and technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized or cancelled. ASD-STAN invites you to send your written comments or any suggestions that may arise. All rights reserved. No parts of this publication m

9、ay be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of ASD-STAN. Order details: E-mail: salesasd-stan.org Web address: http:/www.asd-stan.org/ Edition approved for

10、publication 1st June 2018 Comments should be sent within six months after the date of publication to ASD-STAN Material Domain Copyright 2018 ASD-STAN prEN 4860:2018 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 2 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references 3 3 Terms and definitions . 3 4 General description 3 5 Description of

11、the test apparatus 3 6 Severity . 5 7 Preconditioning . 5 8 Initial measurements 5 9 Testing 6 10 Intermediate measurements 6 11 Recovery . 6 12 Final measurements. 6 13 Relevant Information to be given in the test report . 7 Annex A (informative) Schematic drawing of a test apparatus for test Xb .

12、8 Annex B (informative) Additional textiles for testing 9 Annex C (informative) Cabin zones and test media in cabin 10 C.1 Cabin zones 10 C.2 Test media in cabin 10 Annex D (informative) Machine and cross direction 15 Bibliography 16 Foreword This standard was reviewed by the Domain Technical Coordi

13、nator of ASD-STANs Material Domain. After inquiries and votes carried out in accordance with the rules of ASD-STAN defined in ASD-STANs General Process Manual, this standard has received approval for Publication. prEN 4860:2018 (E) 3 1 Scope This standard provides a standard method to determine the

14、resistance of markings and letterings on flat or curved surfaces against abrasion as may occur for example by manually operating actuators, buttons, materials and surfaces in aerospace. The method is also suitable to test the resistance against fluids, pastes, particles and other materials and also

15、in combination. 2 Normative references The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced doc

16、ument (including any amendments) applies. EN 60068-1, Environmental testing Part 1: General and guidance 3 Terms and definitions No terms and definitions are listed in this document. ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: x IEC Electroped

17、ia: available at http:/www.electropedia.org/ x ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:/www.iso.org/obp 4 General description The surface under test shall be repeatedly stressed by an impact and rubbing movement of a test piston. The tip of the test piston due to its viscoelasticity is defor

18、med in such a way as to fit the surface under test. The material, hardness, roughness and shape of the piston, the movement and the angle of action are chosen in such a way that the pressure and friction executed by a human finger or by the ball of a thumb are simulated. To obtain reproducible condi

19、tions for impact and friction, a piece of fabric is placed between the piston and the surface under test (either as a cover of the piston or as a curtain, hanging between piston and surface). Depending on the relevant specification, this fabric may either be dry (dry test) or wetted with a specified

20、 test liquid by means of an automatic feedthrough if the test is intended to cover the influence of fluid contamination as may occur in normal use (wet test). 5 Description of the test apparatus 5.1 Test apparatus An example of a suitable test apparatus is shown in the schematic drawing in Annex A.

21、The apparatus moves the rubbing-piston under an angle of 45 5 via a connecting rod against the surface under test. The force F generated by a pneumatic cylinder (given in the relevant specification) results in an elastic impact and deformation of the test piston combined with a rubbing movement acro

22、ss the surface under test. The length of the rubbing movement can be set between 4 mm to 40 mm. The pressing unidirectional movement shall be repeated as many times as prescribed by the relevant specification. For non-rigid test specimens (for example keyboards) the specification shall specify addit

23、ional requirements (for example fixing). prEN 4860:2018 (E) 4 The test piston consists of viscoelastic material which shall be inert against the test liquids and shall have a Shore-A-hardness of 51 2 (for example synthetic rubber). The size of the test piston shall be selected from Table 1 according

24、 to the shape and dimension of the test specimen and the kind of lettering. Table 1 Information about size of the test piston Size Dimensions according ISO 2768-1 mm A 0,1 B 1 C 0,1 D 0,15 1 10 20 2 32 2 20 20 3 35 3 30 20 2 32 The roughness of the stamp should be defined. The lifetime of the stamp

25、is one (1) year or 2 000 000 million test cycles at maximum, due to degradation of the stamp material. If necessary other dimensions for the test piston more suited to the test specimen may be chosen. They shall then be prescribed by the relevant specification. The load-displacement charts have to b

26、e stored by the supplier and provided upon request. Different usage (e.g. test media) can drastically change this behaviour even before the end of the materials lifetime. After reaching the maximum lifetime , the piston shall be replaced to maintain reproducible test results. If the piston shows wea

27、r signs before reaching the maximum lifetime, it shall be replaced, too. Wear signs are: divergent hardness or roughness, loss of the contour of the contact surface or damages and also discoloration of the silicone. The abrasive dust produced during the test shall not influence the result of the tes

28、t. Therefore it shall be removed continuously from the area between the test piston and the test specimen. NOTE The accumulation of abrasive dust can be avoided by mounting the test surface vertically (the dust will fall down) or by blowing it off by means of compressed air free of oil and any pollu

29、tion at room temperature. 5.2 Test fabric Between the test specimen and the test piston there shall be an easily replaceable piece of fabric which also can be a cover for the test piston. EN ISO 12947-1:1998 + AC:2006, Table 1 gives an example of specifications of the test fabric. Abrasion side, mac

30、hine direction and cross direction of the fabric shall be specified. Additionally they shall be marked. The movement direction of the test piston shall be parallel to the machine direction of the fabric to maintain reproducibility. To ensure this, a guide for the fabric is recommended. The fabric ha

31、s to be free from folds, wrinkles and creases. Any post processing to remove those artefacts is not permitted. Annex D gives a recommendation for machine and cross direction. For the “dry test“, the fabric shall be changed or moved such as to bring an unused part of it into contact with the test spe

32、cimen after a maximum of 250 cycles in order to avoid wear of the fabric. The fabric feed can be realized automatically or manually. prEN 4860:2018 (E) 5 For the “wet test” (see 5.3), at the start of a new test and after a maximum of 500 cycles, the fabric shall be renewed to avoid stray results due

33、 to encrustation and wear. The automatically moistening of the fabric shall be repeated parallel to the fabric feed in order to wet the newly used areas of the fabric. The fabric shall be moistened fully, especially on the area of the fabric facing the specimen. The moistening can be achieved by a p

34、eriodic dripping of the test media on to the fabric (Annex A). If mentioned in the relevant specification, other test fabrics can be used. In Annex B, other suitable fabrics are listed. 5.3 Test media When a “wet test“ is specified in the relevant specification the test media shall be specified. Spe

35、cified test media (e.g. particles, fluids and pastes) shall be added by an automatic feed due to a pump from a closed container. The automatic dripping system will moisten the textile at the abrasion point/area directly. Specified test media may be: a) Artificial sweat; b) Oil and grease; c) Caffein

36、e-containing liquid; d) Sun cream; e) Other relevant media. A list of suitable test media can be found in Annex C. The media can be solid, liquid, pasty or mixed. If more than one test media is specified, different specimens shall be used for each media unless otherwise specified by the relevant spe

37、cification. 6 Severity The load is given by the force with which the test piston acts on the specimen and by the number of cycles. It shall be chosen from the following values. The chosen values shall be prescribed in the relevant specification. Force: 1 N 0,2 N; 2 N 0,4 N; 5 N 1 N; 8 N 1,6 N; 10 N

38、2 N; 15 N 3 N; 20 N 4 N. Number of cycles: 101; 102; 103; 104; 105; 106; 107. 7 Preconditioning The surface under test shall be in the condition of delivery after normal production. The relevant specification may prescribe preconditioning (for example aging, dusting and cleaning). 8 Initial measurem

39、ents The specimen shall be submitted to a visual check and if prescribed by the relevant specification to dimensional and functional checks. Additionally, an automated mobile 3D-scanning device can be used to determine the topography including visual impression. prEN 4860:2018 (E) 6 9 Testing The te

40、st can be carried out in a temperature range of 40 C to 85 C. If not specified in the relevant specification, the test is carried out at standard atmospheric conditions according to EN 60068-1. For high and low temperature test, other stamps have to be used according to the relevant specification. T

41、he test specimens are stressed in the test apparatus (see 4.1) with the prescribed severity. The test piston shall be moved with a speed of 60 mm/s 5 mm/s towards the test surface. It is pressed against the surface with the force given for the chosen severity. The cycle frequency shall be 2 Hz 0,1 H

42、z (2 strokes per second). The frequency of 2 Hz is only valid for the standard friction path of 4 mm. For higher friction paths, the frequency will be lower. Also, the inserted test load will have an influence on the frequency. In Table 2, the suggested frequencies for different friction paths and l

43、oads are shown. NOTE With higher frequencies it is possible that the temperature of the test specimen is unacceptably increased. Table 2 Frequencies for different friction paths and loads Friction mm 1 N Hz 5 N Hz 10 N Hz 15 N Hz 20 N Hz 4 2,0 1,9 1,6 1,5 1,4 5 1,9 1,8 1,5 1,4 1,3 10 1,4 1,3 1,2 1,1

44、 1,0 15 1,1 1,1 1,0 0,84 0,81 20 0,98 0,94 0,89 0,71 0,68 25 0,84 0,81 0,76 0,60 0,58 30 0,73 0,69 0,66 0,53 0,51 35 0,66 0,63 0,60 0,47 0,46 40 0,58 0,55 0,54 0,42 0,41 10 Intermediate measurements Intermediate measurements may be required by the relevant specification. 11 Recovery Recovery may be

45、required by the relevant specification. 12 Final measurements The specimen shall be submitted to a visual check and if prescribed by the relevant specification to dimensional and functional checks. Additionally, an automated mobile 3D-scanning device can be used to determine the topography including

46、 visual impression. The relevant specification shall provide the criteria upon which the acceptance or rejection of the specimen is to be based. prEN 4860:2018 (E) 7 13 Relevant Information to be given in the test report When this test is included in a relevant specification, the details given in Ta

47、ble 3 shall be given in a test report, in so far as they are applicable. It shall supply information as required in the clauses listed below. Table 3 Information given in the test report Numbering Information To be filed out with A Customer Name and address B Test laboratory Name and address C Test

48、person Name D Date of test yyyy-mm-dd E Type of test Xb F Purpose of test Development, QM etc. G Test standard, date of publication EN 4860:yyyy H Designation of test laboratory Number and edition I Designation of test facility Manufacturer, designation of model, device number etc. J Date of last ca

49、libration yyyy-mm-dd K Description of test specimen Figure, amount, construction level L Description of certification stamp 1, 2, 3 M Type of testing Dry, wet N Test media List of all media O Fabric feed/change Automatic, manual, number of cycle, length of feed P Fabric humidification Automatic, manual, number of cycle, amount Q Severity level Load and number of cycle R Burn-off length length in mm S Test conditions Temperature; LF % T Pre-treatment T