ANSI INCITS 45-1982 Information Systems - Character Set for Handprinting.pdf

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1、kNSI INCITS 45-1982 (R2000) (formerly ANSI X3.45-1982 (R2000) ADOPTED FOR USE BY THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT WA- b PUB 33-1 SEE NOTICE ON INSIDE for Information Systems - Character Set for Handprinting Developed by Where IT all begins This standard has been adopted for Federal Government use. Details con

2、cerning its use within the Federal Government are contained in Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 33-1, Character Set for Handprinting. in the Federal Information Processing Standards Series, write to the Standards Processing Coordinator (ADP), Institute for Computer Sciences and T

3、echnology, National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, MD 20899. For a complete list of the publications available ANSI 63 X3.45-1982 Revision of ANSI X3.45-1974 American National Standard for Information Systems - Character Set for Handprinting Secretariat Computer and Business Equipment Manufactur

4、ers Association Approved August 24, 1982 American National Standards Institute, I nc Approval of an American National Standard requires review by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer. Consensus is established

5、when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be consider

6、ed, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, proces

7、ses, or procedures not conforming to the standards. The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an Ameri

8、can National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard. CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any tim

9、e. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards In

10、stitute. American National Published by American National Standards Institute 11 West 42nd Street, New York, New York 10036 Copyright O1 982 by Information Technology Industry Council (ITI) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval sys

11、tem or otherwise, without prior written permission of ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW, Washington, DC 20005. Printed in the United States of America Foreword (This Foreword is not part of American National Standard X3.45-1982.) This standard presents a character set for handprinting and supporting specifica

12、tions and recom- mendations for its use in Optical Character Recognition (OCR) systems and in man-to-man com- munications, A broad range of applications and international considerations are included. The character set was developed by a group of experienced specialists representing users and manufac

13、turers of Optical Character Recognition equipment. Important contributions relating to handprinting and reading were made by experts in human factors. This standard is, in part, an outgrowth of earlier work that was done on man-to-man communications by Subcommittee X3 6.3 of American National Standa

14、rds Committee on Information Processing Systems, X3. Liaison was established with European Computer Manufacturers Association Technical Coni- mittee 4, and comments were received from them. This standard is a revised version of the American National Standard Character Set for Hand- printing, ANSI X3

15、.45-1974. The original character set remains unchanged with the exception of the Yen symbol. The Yen character was redefined in conjunction with the Japanese Industrial Standards Committee on OCR. Suggestions for improvement of this standard will be welcome. They should be sent to the Com- puter and

16、 Business Equipment Manufacturers Association, 1828 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036. This standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by American National Stan- dards Committee on Computers and Information Processing, X3. Committee approval of the standard does not necessarily i

17、mply that all committee members voted for its approval. At the time it approved this standard, the X3 Committee had the following members: John F. Auwaerter, Chairman J. A. N. Lee, Vice-chairman Catherine A. Kachurik, Administrative Secretary Organization Represented American Bankers Association . A

18、merican Express Company. American Nuclear Society AMP Incorporated Association for Computing Machinery Association of American Railroads . Association of Computer Users . BurroughsCorporation. . Control Data Corporation Data General Corporation . Data Processing Management Association . Digital Equi

19、pment Computers Users Society . Digital Equipment Corporation . Edison Electric Institute . General Services Administration . Name of Representative Andrew Ernst Chris Crawford (Alt) R. S Newman R. G. Wilson (Alt) Geraldine C. Main D. R. Vondy (Alt) Patrick E. Lannan C. Brill (Alt) J. A. N. Lee Pat

20、Skelly (Alt) R. A. Petrash Hillel Sega1 Thomas Kurihara (Alt) Ira R. Purchis Jerrold S. Foley (Ait) Charles E. Cooper Keith Lucke (Alt) Steven W. Weingart Anthony M. Goschalk (Alt) Ardyn E. Dubnow Joseph A. Federici (Alt) James Hodges John R. Barr (Alt) Lois C. Frampton Gary S. Robinson (Alt) Earl E

21、. McLaughlin William C. Rinehuls Donald J. Page (Alt) Organization Represented Name of Representative GUIDE International. Frank Kirshenbaum Harris Corporation Sam Mathan Hewlett-Packard. . Donald C. Loughw Honeywell Information Systems Thomas J. McNamara IBM Corporation . Mary Anne Gray Leland Mill

22、igan (Alt) David Abmayr (Alt) Alan Teubner (Alt) J. S. Wilson (Alt) IEEE Communications Society Thomas A. Varetoni IEEE Computer Society Robert Poston Robert S. Stewart (Alt) Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory . James A. Baker Robert J. Harvey (Alt) James F. Foley, JI (Alt) Moore Business Forms D. H. Oddy

23、 National Bureau of Standards Robert E. Rountree James H. Burrows (Alt) National Communications System . Marshall L. Cain George W. White (Alt) NCR Corporation. . Thomas W. Kern William E. Snyder (Alt) Perkin-Elmer. David Ellis David Saunders (Alt) Prime Computer. . Jeffrey C. Flowers Winfried A. Bu

24、rke (Alt) Professional Secretaries International. . P. E. Pesce G. W. Wetze1 (Alt) Daniel Schuster (Alt) Ardyn E. Dubnow (Alt) Charles D. Card (Alt) Stewart H. Garland (Alt) J. A. Owen (Alt) Texas Instruments, Inc Presley Smith Don Caraway (Alt) 3M Company . R. C. Smith Travelers Insurance Companies

25、, Inc. . Joseph T. Brophy US. Department of Defense. William LaPlant Harry Pontius (Alt) U.S. Department of Justice . Daniel Schneider Joseph R. Lake, JI Wang Laboratories, Inc. . Carl W. Schwarcz Marsha Hayek (Alt) Xerox Corporation John L. Wheeler Arthur R. Machell (Alt) Life Office Management Ass

26、ociation John I. Burke Recognition Technology Users Association Herbert F. Schantz SHARE, Inc Thomas B. Steel Society of Certified Data Processors Thomas M. Kurihara Sperry Univac . Marvin W. Bass Telephone Group . Henry L. Marchese Technical Committee X3Ai on Optical Character Recognition, which de

27、veloped this standard, had the following members G. K. Godwin, Chairman H. F. Schantz, Vice-chairman C. P Newman, Secretary T. Bagg C. Bliss R. Bloss G. Brown F. Cicha J Crawford B Daniels W Davidson J. Desautels W. Foster B. Frost J. Hopkins R. Ireland T. Janning C Knoedel G. Korzeniewski H. Lidkea

28、 J. McDonneU S. McIntosh R. Mestler J. Miller R Monell D. Newton D. Oddy T. Pealfer 1 Richards G. Robertson N. Selke E. Thompson P Traglia N. Weiland J. Weils Technical responsibility for the development of this standard was assigned to X3A1 Working Group 1 on Character Sets and Shapes. During the d

29、evelopment period, this technical subcom- mittee had the following members. P. J. Traglia, Chairman R C. Bloss, Secretary C. Bliss G. Brown B Daniels J Desautels W. Foster G K.Godwin J. Hopkins R. Ireland G. Korzeniewski H. Lidkea J. McDonnell R. Monell R. Robertson H. Schantz N. Wieland Other perso

30、ns who contributed to the development of this standard included the following J. P. Ancona D. Freedman A. L. Minto L. M. Andrews J. H. Freymeyer W. D. Morgan A. J. Atrubin R. M. Fricano W. Muldowney R. Aubey D. C. Friedman M. Nadler P. E. Baetz J. Goldberg C. Nelson D. Bates R. Goucht C. OConnor T.

31、Baudin R. Goulet G. C. Pick G. M. Berkin R. Green J. Rabinow W. C. Billings D. Grice R. Reynolds K. Bol R. Griffith L. Richards A. C. Brown R. Gustina J. Rosenblum M. W. Burris A. Hamburgen W. Schmidt M. A. Butterfield E. Henrichon J. Seeley K. Bye M. Hirsch I. Sheinberg R. Cossaboon W. E. Holmes C.

32、 R. Shoch J. Cornog C. Jones J. Sicard J. L. Crawford A. M. Kaeder H W.Silsby H. Currie A. Knoll M. Teders J. Demasi R. Krolak S. Tillis W. A. Dickerson, Sr H. W. Kruser T. W. Turner C. Eliot H. A. Lange, Jr J. Walkley H. S. Fitch S. Lanzatella J. A. Warme J. A. Fitzmorris J. J. Leimer R. Worral J.

33、J. Forsythe H. Lidkea R. Zablocki A. Frank R. Maehofer PAGE Contents SECT1oh 1 . Scopeandhrpose . 7 1.1 Scope . 7 1.2 Purpase 7 2 . Charactershapes 7 3 . General Rules for Character Shapes and Sizes . 7 3.1 Definitions 7 3.2 Character Shapes 7 3.3 Character Height and Width for OCR . 7 3.4 Gaps 11 3

34、.5 Loops, Serifs, and Ticks . 11 3.6 Allowed Slopes for OCR . 11 3.7 Stroke Width for OCR 11 3.8 Character Separation for OCR . 12 3.9 Clear Areas for OCR 12 3.10 Preprinted Guidelines for OCR . 13 3.1 1 Preprinted Machine Reference Marks for OCR . 13 3.12 Reproduction of Ideal Character Shapes . 13

35、 4 . Character Repertoires . 13 4.2 Recommended Usage . 13 4.1 Subsets 13 Tables Table 1 Overtall Characters . 11 Table 2 Specified Character Usage 12 Table 3 Character Repertoires . 14- 15 Fig . 1 Standard Character Set for Handprinting . 8-10 Fig . 2 Allowed Slope Variation 11 Fig . 3 U.S. Charact

36、er Repertoires . 16 Figures Appendixes Appendix A Design Considerations 17 Table Al Suggested Handprinting Procedures . 22-24 Figures Fig . Al Railroad-Track-Type Guidelines for Numeric Subsets 17 Fig . A2 Railroad-Track-Type Guidelines for Alphanumeric Subsets . 18 Fig . A3 Railroad-Track-Type Guid

37、elines for Programming and Universal Subsets 19 Fig . A4 Box-Type Guidelines for Numeric Subsets 20 Fig . A5 Box-Type Guidelines for Alphanumeric Subsets 21 Fig . A6 Supplemental Characters for Handprinting . 21 Fig . A7 Examples of Allowable Line Variations in Aspect Ratio and Linewidth 25 Fig . A8

38、 Correspondence between Handprinted Character Set and ASCII Code Table . 26 Appendix B Criteria for Character Shape Development 27 Amer i c a n Nat i o na I St and ar d for Information Systems - Character Set for Handprinting 1. Scope and Purpose 1.1 Scope. This standard prescribes shapes and sizes

39、of handprinted characters to be used in Optical Character Recognition (OCR) systems and shapes of handprinted characters for man-to-man communication. The stan- dard encompasses international requirements. 1.2 Purpose. This standard establishes a common frame of reference for man-to-machine (OCR) an

40、d man-to-man (for example, programmer to keypunch operator) com- munication requirements. The purpose in providing such a standard for man-to-man usage is to enable un- ambiguous communication between people when the accuracy of that communication is more important than the speed and flexibility usu

41、ally associated with that mode of communication. order to avoid developing a standard that would have to be frequently modified and enlarged. These are the desirability of including characters for a broad range of applications and consideration of international require- ments. Special consideration

42、was given to human fac- tors and the current state of OCR technology. In order to achieve the objective of long-term stabil- ity, parts of this standard are, of necessity, anticipatory in nature. That is, some characters are included which, at the time of development of this standard, were not handl

43、ed by OCR machines available in the marketplace. This is particularly true of some of the characters in the Programming and Universal subsets. Two factors were considered especially important in 2. Character Shapes Character shapes are shown in Fig. 1. The general rules for character shapes and size

44、s are stated in Section 3. 3. General Rules for Character Shapes and Sizes 3.1 Definitions In this standard the following definitions shall apply: centerline height. The vertical distance between the highest and lowest points of the stroke centerline of the character. centerline width. The horizonta

45、l distance between the leftmost and rightmost points of the stroke centerline of the character. character space. The rectangular area which is reserved for a single character and which is delimited by the guidelines (see 3.1 O). dimensions. The U.S. customary and metric dimensions in this standard a

46、re not precisely equivalent. Users may adopt either system but shall not intermix dimensions. stroke centerline. The line drawn midway between the stroke edges. Its termination is a half stroke width from the end of the stroke. stroke edge. The smoothed line of discontinuity be- tween the character

47、image and the background. 3.2 Character Shapes. The character shapes shown in Fig. 1 are the standard shapes for handprinting. Charac- ters shall be drawn and placed as illustrated. A part of a character shown as a straight line is to be drawn as straight as practical; a part shown as a curve is to

48、be drawn as smoothly as practical. Each character occupies one character space. The objective is to print characters as close to the ideal shapes as is practical. As a general rule the accu- racy of communicating by means of handprinting will deteriorate as the printed shapes depart from the ideal.

49、It is difficult to determine the performance level of a person printing characters according to this standard. Nevertheless, in order to have available an indication of when handprinting deviates excessively from the ideal, the specifications and tolerances of Section 3 have been included. 3.3 Character Height and Width for OCR 3.3.1 The nominal character centerline height is 0.180 inch (4.5 mm) with the exception of overtall characters. Variations of 0.040 inch (1.0 mm) about this nominal height will be allowed, resulting in a mini- mum character centerline height of 0.140 inch (3.5 mm) an