ANSI AWS D15.1 D15.1M-2012 Railroad Welding Specification for Cars and Locomotives (Fifth Edition Second Printing Incorporates Amendment October 2013).pdf

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1、Railroad WeldingSpecificationfor Cars andLocomotivesAWS D15.1/D15.1M:2012-AMD1An American National Standardsecond printing, October 2013AWS D15.1/D15.1M:2012-AMD1An American National StandardApproved by theAmerican National Standards InstituteApril 18, 2012Amendment: August 30, 2013Railroad Welding

2、Specificationfor Cars and Locomotives5th EditionSupersedes AWS D15.1/D15.1M:2007Prepared by theAmerican Welding Society (AWS) D15 Committee on Railroad WeldingUnder the Direction of theAWS Technical Activities CommitteeApproved by theAWS Board of DirectorsAbstractThis specification establishes minim

3、um standards for the manufacture and maintenance of railroad equipment. Clauses 4through 17 cover the general requirements for welding in the railroad industry. Clauses 18 through 24 cover specificrequirements for the welding of base metals thinner than 1/8 in 3 mm.iiAWS D15.1/D15.1M:2012-AMD1ISBN-1

4、3: 978-0-87171-813-6 2012 by American Welding SocietyAll rights reservedPrinted in the United States of AmericaAmendment: 2nd Printing, October 2013Photocopy Rights. No portion of this standard may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in anyform, including mechanical, photocop

5、ying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyrightowner.Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use only or the internal, personal, oreducational classroom use only of specific clients is granted by the American Welding Soci

6、ety provided that the appropriatefee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, tel: (978) 750-8400; Internet:.iiiAWS D15.1/D15.1M:2012-AMD1Statement on the Use of American Welding Society StandardsAll standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, me

7、thods, classifications, and guides) of the AmericanWelding Society (AWS) are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of theAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS American National Standards are either incorporated in, ormade part of, docume

8、nts that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other govern-mental bodies, their provisions carry the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWSstandards must be approved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction b

9、efore they can become a part ofthose laws and regulations. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other documentthat invokes the AWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirementsof an AWS standard must be by

10、 agreement between the contracting parties.AWS American National Standards are developed through a consensus standards development process that bringstogether volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus. While the AWS administers theprocess and establishes rules to p

11、romote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evalu-ate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards.AWS disclaims liability for any injury to persons or to property, or other damages of any nature whatsoev

12、er, whetherspecial, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or relianceon this standard. AWS also makes no guarantee or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any informationpublished herein.In issuing and making this standard

13、available, AWS is neither undertaking to render professional or other services for oron behalf of any person or entity, nor is AWS undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someoneelse. Anyone using these documents should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appro

14、priate, seek theadvice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. It isassumed that the use of this standard and its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and competent personnel.This standard may be superseded by the issuance

15、of new editions. This standard may also be corrected through publicationof amendments or errata. It may also be supplemented by publication of addenda. Information on the latest editions ofAWS standards including amendments, errata, and addenda are posted on the AWS web page (www.aws.org). Users sho

16、uldensure that they have the latest edition, amendments, errata, and addenda.Publication of this standard does not authorize infringement of any patent or trade name. Users of this standard acceptany and all liabilities for infringement of any patent or trade name items. AWS disclaims liability for

17、the infringement ofany patent or product trade name resulting from the use of this standard.The AWS does not monitor, police, or enforce compliance with this standard, nor does it have the power to do so.On occasion, text, tables, or figures are printed incorrectly, constituting errata. Such errata,

18、 when discovered, are postedon the AWS web page (www.aws.org).Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may only be obtained by sending a request,in writing, to the appropriate technical committee. Such requests should be addressed to the American Welding Society

19、,Attention: Managing Director, Technical Services Division, 8669 NW 36 St, # 130, Miami, FL 33166 (see Annex G).With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered.These opinions are offered solely as a convenience to users of this standar

20、d, and they do not constitute professional ad-vice. Such opinions represent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them. These individuals donot speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretations ofAWS. In additio

21、n, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an official interpretation.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS D15 Committee on Railroad Welding. It must be reviewedevery five years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comme

22、nts (recommendations, additions,or deletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are required and should be addressedto AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS D15 Committee on RailroadWelding and the author of the comments will

23、 be informed of the Committees response to the comments. Guests are in-vited to attend all meetings of the AWS D15 Committee on Railroad Welding to express their comments verbally. Proce-dures for appeal of an adverse decision concerning all such comments are provided in the Rules of Operation of th

24、eTechnical Activities Committee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained from the American Welding Society, 8669 NW36 St, # 130, Miami, FL 33166.This page is intentionally blank.ivAWS D15.1/D15.1M:2012-AMD1vAWS D15.1/D15.1M:2012-AMD1Personnel (Amendment)AWS D15 Committee on Railroad WeldingM. R. Unter

25、meyer, Chair Union Tank Car CompanyM. A. Forsstrom, 1st Vice Chair Greenbrier Rail ServicesT. M. Nelson, 2nd Vice Chair LTK Engineering ServicesS. N. Borrero, Secretary American Welding SocietyD. M. Allbritten General ElectricRailR. C. Bly TTX CompanySRDC. Boulden Trinity Industries, IncorporatedL.

26、B. Broadway American Railcar IndustriesN. S. Brown Canadian Pacific RailwayP. A. Burys Raul V. Bravo AWS D1.2/D1.2M, Structural Weld-ing CodeAluminum; AWS D1.3/D1.3M, Structural Welding CodeSheet Steel; and AWS D1.6/D1.6M, StructuralWelding CodeStainless Steel.AWS D15.1-86 was titled simply Railroad

27、 Welding Specification. For the 1993 revision, the suffix Cars and Locomo-tives was added because the locomotive section had been introduced. A later revision was published in 2001, AWSD15.1:2001. The welding of rail is addressed in AWS D15.2, Recommended Practice for the Welding of Rails andRelated

28、 Rail Components for Use by Rail Vehicles.Several significant modifications have been made in AWS D15.1/D15.1M:2012. A vertical line in the margin indicates arevision from the 2007 edition. Limitations of essential variables for welding procedure qualification and welder perfor-mance qualification h

29、ave been set up in table format (Tables 10.1 and 11.1, respectively). Friction stir welding has beenincluded in the list of approved welding processes. Additional prequalified joint details for FCAW and GMAW havebeen added (see Figures 7.1G and 7.2A). Table 17.1 (Weld Crater Limitations) has been ad

30、ded. Clause 18 (Welding ofSheet Metal) has been revised.Comments and suggestions for the improvement of this standard are welcomed. They should be sent to the Secretary,AWS D15 Committee on Railroad Welding, American Welding Society, 8669 NW 36 St, # 130, Miami, FL 33166.This page is intentionally b

31、lank.xAWS D15.1/D15.1M:2012-AMD1xiAWS D15.1/D15.1M:2012-AMD1AmendmentsThe following Amendments have been identified and are incorporated in this reprint.AWS Standard: D15.1/D15.1M:2012Amendment Number: 1Subject: Subclause 10.4 (Position of Welds)10.4 Position of Test Welds. All welds used in actual

32、construction shall be classified as: (1) flat, (2) horizontal, (3) ver-tical, or (4) overhead in accordance with the definitions of welding positions given in Figures 10.1 and 10.2. Each proce-dure shall be tested in the manner stated below for each position for which it is to be qualified (see also

33、 Table 10.4).AWS Standard: D15.1/D15.1M:2012Amendment Number: 2Subject: Table 10.1PQR Essential Variable Changes Requiring WPS Requalification forSMAW, SAW, GMAW, FCAW, and GTAW (See 10.1); line 14Table 10.1 (Continued)PQR Essential Variable Changes Requiring WPS Requalificationfor SMAW, SAW, GMAW,

34、FCAW, and GTAW (See 10.1)Essential Variable Changes to PQR Requiring Requalification:ProcessSMAW SAW GMAW FCAW GTAWFiller Metals(14) A change in brands of electrodes with a “G” classification orwhen a filler metal or filler metal/flux combination with a min-imum required tensile strength less than t

35、he base metal is used,the manufacturer, brand, and grade shall be essential variablesX X X X XxiiAWS D15.1/D15.1M:2012-AMD1AWS Standard: D15.1/D15.1M:2012Amendment Number: 3Subject: Table 10.1PQR Essential Variable Changes Requiring WPS Requalification forSMAW, SAW, GMAW, FCAW, and GTAW (See 10.1);

36、line 38AWS Standard: D15.1/D15.1M:2012Amendment Number: 4Subject: Table 10.1PQR Essential Variable Changes Requiring WPS Requalification forSMAW, SAW, GMAW, FCAW, and GTAW (See 10.1); Supplemental Essential Vari-ables categoryAWS Standard: D15.1/D15.1M:2012Amendment Number: 5Subject: Table 10.1PQR E

37、ssential Variable Changes Requiring WPS Requalification forSMAW, SAW, GMAW, FCAW, and GTAW (See 10.1); line 43Table 10.1 (Continued)PQR Essential Variable Changes Requiring WPS Requalificationfor SMAW, SAW, GMAW, FCAW, and GTAW (See 10.1)Essential Variable Changes to PQR Requiring Requalification:Pr

38、ocessSMAW SAW GMAW FCAW GTAWGeneral (Continued)(38) In vertical welding a change in progression for any pass from upward to downward or vice versa. Vertical down welding downward progression requires separate qualification welding of aluminum is not recommended except to fill undercutXXXXXTable 10.1

39、 (Continued)PQR Essential Variable Changes Requiring WPS Requalificationfor SMAW, SAW, GMAW, FCAW, and GTAW (See 10.1)Essential Variable Changes to PQR Requiring Requalification:ProcessSMAW SAW GMAW FCAW GTAWSupplemental Essential Variables (When Notch Toughness is a Requirement)Table 10.1 (Continue

40、d)PQR Essential Variable Changes Requiring WPS Requalificationfor SMAW, SAW, GMAW, FCAW, and GTAW (See 10.1)Essential Variable Changes to PQR Requiring Requalification:ProcessSMAW SAW GMAW FCAW GTAWSupplemental Essential Variables (When Notch Toughness is a Requirement)(43) A change in the base meta

41、l group number X X X X XxiiiAWS D15.1/D15.1M:2012-AMD1AWS Standard: D15.1/D15.1M:2012Amendment Number: 6Subject: Table 10.1PQR Essential Variable Changes Requiring WPS Requalification forSMAW, SAW, GMAW, FCAW, and GTAW (See 10.1); line 45 and table footnote aAWS Standard: D15.1/D15.1M:2012Amendment

42、Number: 7Subject: Table 10.5Procedure Qualification Type and Position Limitations (When NotchToughness is a Requirement) (See 10.5); numerous modificationsTable 10.1 (Continued)PQR Essential Variable Changes Requiring WPS Requalificationfor SMAW, SAW, GMAW, FCAW, and GTAW (See 10.1)Essential Variabl

43、e Changes to PQR Requiring Requalification:ProcessSMAW SAW GMAW FCAW GTAWSupplemental Essential Variables (When Notch Toughness is a Requirement)(45) A change in the manufacturers, brand, name or grade type of electrode filler metalaX X X X XaApplies only when the minimum impact values associated wi

44、th a filler metal classification do not meet the minimum impact values required by thegoverning contract or specification.Table 10.5Procedure Qualification Type and Position Limitations(When Notch Toughness is a Requirement)Qualification TestType of Weld and Position of Welding QualifiedaPlate PipeW

45、eldPlate or Pipe PositionsbGroove Fillet Groove FilletPlate-GrooveComplete Joint Penetration1G2G3Ge4GFF, HAll VOHFF, HAll VOHFcF, HcFcF, HcPlate-Fillet1F2F3Fe4FFF, HAll VOHFcF, HcVcOHcxivAWS D15.1/D15.1M:2012-AMD1AWS Standard: D15.1/D15.1M:2012Amendment Number: 8Subject: Table 11.3Number and Type of

46、 Specimens and Range of Thickness QualifiedWelder and Welding Operator Qualification; numerous modificationsTable 11.3Number and Type of Specimens and Range of Thickness QualifiedWelder and Welding Operator Qualification1. Test on PlateiType of WeldThicknessof Test Plate(T) as Welded,in mmVisual Scr

47、eening InspectionNumber of SpecimensQualified,in mmBend TestsjT-JointBreakMacroetch ThicknessTestFace Root SideGrooveg3/8 T 2-7/8 73and over1 1 2 2 2-7/8 73 T/2 2Tc, kFilletOption 3f2-7/8 73 1 2-7/8 73 1/8 3 UnlimitedkT 1/2 in 13 mm thickness qualifies unlimited thickness for plate and pipe.xvAWS D1

48、5.1/D15.1M:2012-AMD1ErrataThe following Errata have been identified and are incorporated in this reprint.Page 7, subclause 5.4.2.2(1): replace “Table 7.2” with “Table 7.3”Page 12, Table 5.2, table footnote “e”: replace “weld sizes” with “areas”Page 13, Table 5.3: replace all instances of “Table 5.3”

49、 in the Base Metal column with “Table 5.4”Page 13, Table 5.3: replace all instances of “5.4” in the Base Metal column with “5.5”Page 13, Table 5.3, table note: replace “weld sizes” with “areas”Page 27, subclause 6.8.1: delete “will” and replace “ensure” with “ensures”Page 32, subclause 7.1.2: replace “Table 7.1” with “Table 7.2”Page 32, subclause 7.1.2.1: replace “Table 7.1” with “Table 7.2”Page 32, subclause 7.3.2: replace “Table 7.2” with “Table 7.3”Page 33, subclause 7.5.1: replace “Table 7.3” with “Table 7.4”Page 33, subclause 7.6: