BS ISO 9211-1-2010 Optics and photonics - Optical coatings - Definitions《光学和光子学 光学镀膜 定义》.pdf

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1、BS ISO 9211-1:2010 ICS 01.040.37; 37.020 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BRITISH STANDARD Optics and photonics Optical coatings Part 1: DefinitionsThis British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March

2、 2010 BSI 2010 ISBN 978 0 580 62614 2 Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Comments BS ISO 9211-1:2010 National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 9211-1:2010. It supersedes BS ISO 9211-1:1994 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was

3、entrusted to Technical Committee CPW/172/3, Optics and Photonics - Optical Materials and Components. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are r

4、esponsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.BS ISO 9211-1:2010Reference number ISO 9211-1:2010(E) ISO 2010INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 9211-1 Second edition 2010-03-15 Optics and photonics Optical coatings Part 1: Definitions

5、 Optique et photonique Traitements optiques Partie 1: Dfinitions BS ISO 9211-1:2010 ISO 9211-1:2010(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are em

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9、luding photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Publi

10、shed in Switzerland ii ISO 2010 All rights reservedBS ISO 9211-1:2010 ISO 9211-1:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope1 2 Basic definitions1 2.1 Surface treatment 1 2.2 Optical properties of a coated surface2 2.3 Colorimetric parameters.3 2.4 Polarization 3 2.5 Ph

11、ase relations 4 3 Definition of coatings by function .5 4 Definitions of common coating imperfections.6 4.1 Point-like imperfections6 4.2 Line-like imperfections .6 4.3 Area-like imperfections.6 4.4 Volume-like imperfections7 5 Other terms and definitions7 Annex A (informative) Micrographs of common

12、 types of coating imperfection 8 Bibliography17 BS ISO 9211-1:2010 ISO 9211-1:2010(E) iv ISO 2010 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Stand

13、ards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also ta

14、ke part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees i

15、s to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibili

16、ty that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 9211-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 172, Optics and photonics, Subcommittee SC 3, Optical materials and components. Th

17、is second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 9211-1:1994), which has been technically revised. ISO 9211 consists of the following parts, under the general title Optics and photonics Optical coatings: Part 1: Definitions Part 2: Optical properties Part 3: Environmental durability Par

18、t 4: Specific test methods BS ISO 9211-1:2010 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 9211-1:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 1Optics and photonics Optical coatings Part 1: Definitions IMPORTANT The electronic file of this document contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understand

19、ing of the document. Users should therefore consider printing this document using a colour printer. 1 Scope ISO 9211 identifies surface treatments of components and substrates excluding ophthalmic optics (spectacles) by the application of optical coatings and gives a standard form for their specific

20、ation. It defines the general characteristics and the test and measurement methods whenever necessary, but is not intended to define the process method. This part of ISO 9211 defines terms relevant to optical coatings. These terms are grouped in four classes: basic definitions, definition of coating

21、s by function, definitions of common coating imperfections and other definitions. 2 Basic definitions 2.1 Surface treatment 2.1.1 surface treatment of components and substrates application of a coating of material(s) intended to modify the optical, physical or chemical characteristics originally pos

22、sessed by the surface of a component NOTE The substrates are considered to be geometrically perfect and optically homogeneous. In reality, an assembly made up of a substrate and a coating is identified and measured experimentally as an entity. 2.1.2 incident medium medium from which the electromagne

23、tic radiation enters the coating 2.1.3 emergent medium medium into which the electromagnetic radiation exits the coating NOTE Besides acting as mechanical support, the substrate carrying the coating physically can constitute the incident medium and/or the emergent medium. BS ISO 9211-1:2010 ISO 9211

24、-1:2010(E) 2 ISO 2010 All rights reserved2.2 Optical properties of a coated surface 2.2.1 General The optical properties of a coated surface are characterized by spectrophotometric values. These values relate to the energy transported by electromagnetic waves (radiant or luminous) and they vary as a

25、 function of the wavelength, the angle of incidence, and the state of polarization. Additional influences may be caused by scattering. NOTE 1 The functional spectral dependency is generally indicated by writing the wavelength, , in parentheses as part of the symbol. NOTE 2 The wavelength () can be r

26、eplaced by the wavenumber () or the photon energy (h). h = Planck constant; = frequency. The units recommended are the nanometre (nm) or the micrometre (m) for the wavelength, the reciprocal centimetre (cm 1 ) for the wavenumber and the electron volt (eV) for the photon energy. 2.2.2 spectral transm

27、ittance () ratio of the spectral concentration of radiant or luminous flux transmitted to that of the incident radiation ISO 80000-7:2008, definition 7-22.3. NOTE Spectral transmittance is related to spectral optical density D() by the formula: () = 10 D() .2.2.3 spectral reflectance () ratio of the

28、 spectral concentration of radiant or luminous flux reflected, to that of the incident radiation ISO 80000-7:2008, definition 7-22.2. 2.2.4 spectral absorptance () ratio of the spectral concentration of radiant or luminous flux absorbed, to that of the incident radiation ISO 80000-7:2008, definition

29、 7-22.1. 2.2.5 spectral scattering change of the spatial distribution of a beam of radiation spread in many directions by a surface or a medium without any change of frequency of the monochromatic components of which the radiation is composed NOTE 1 The quantities defined in 2.2.1.1 to 2.2.1.4 are i

30、nterrelated as follows: () () () 1 =+ with () () () rd =+ () () () rd =+ where r () is the regular spectral transmittance (specular); r () is the regular spectral reflectance (specular); BS ISO 9211-1:2010 ISO 9211-1:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 3 d () is the diffuse spectral transmittance (

31、scattered); d () is the diffuse spectral reflectance (scattered). NOTE 2 If necessary, these values can be represented as an average over a wavelength range from 1to 2as follows: () () () () 2 1 11 ave 1 2 21 21 d to mm ii ii m = = where () 21 . m = 2.2.6 refractive index n() ratio of the velocity o

32、f propagation of electromagnetic radiation in a vacuum to the velocity of propagation of electromagnetic radiation in a medium 2.2.7 angle of incidence angle between the normal to the surface and the incident ray 2.2.8 plane of incidence plane incorporating the normal to the surface and the incident

33、 ray 2.3 Colorimetric parameters A surface for visual applications can be characterized by colorimetric parameters. These depend on the reference illumination source, the reference observer, and the optical properties of the surface. 2.4 Polarization 2.4.1 General When a coating is used at an angle

34、of incidence different from zero, its characteristics depend upon the state of polarization of the incident radiation and it may influence the polarization state of the emergent radiation. It may then be necessary to indicate the orientation of the electric field vector in relation to the plane of i

35、ncidence. 2.4.2 linearly polarized radiation polarization where the orientation of the electric field vector remains constant NOTE 1 s-polarization refers to linear polarization where the electric field vector is perpendicular to the plane of incidence. NOTE 2 p-polarization refers to linear polariz

36、ation where the electric field vector is parallel to the plane of incidence. 2.4.3 elliptically polarized radiation polarization where the projection of the electric field vector on to a plane normal to the direction of propagation describes an ellipse BS ISO 9211-1:2010 ISO 9211-1:2010(E) 4 ISO 201

37、0 All rights reserved2.4.4 circularly polarized radiation polarization where the projection of the electric field vector on to a plane normal to the direction of propagation describes a circle 2.4.5 randomly polarized radiation polarization where the orientation of the electric field vector of linea

38、rly polarized radiation varies randomly with time 2.4.6 unpolarized radiation radiation which has been resolved into any pair of orthogonal electric field vectors with varied phase difference where the average magnitudes of the two orthogonal vectors are the same and their phase difference change is

39、 completely random 2.5 Phase relations 2.5.1 phase change d angle difference, 0 , represents the phase change between an electromagnetic wave and a reference wave with its electric field vector given by 2 cos vt EA = where E is the electric field vector; A is the amplitude vector; is the velocity of

40、 propagation in the medium; t is the time; is the wavelength in the medium; is the phase. The electric field at a fixed point in space due to an electromagnetic wave can be described by a periodic function given by 00 2 cos vt EA = 2.5.2 phase retardation difference of phase change between the s- an

41、d p-components of the electric field vector, = d p d s . BS ISO 9211-1:2010 ISO 9211-1:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 53 Definition of coatings by function The coatings are defined according to their function, i.e. according to the nature of the principal modification to the surface properties

42、 that they realize. A coating intended to realize a principal function as defined in Table 1 can also include one or more secondary functions. Their relative importance with regard to the principal function shall be indicated. Table 1 Definitions of coatings by function Principal function Code desig

43、nation Definition Example of application Reflecting RE Coating increasing the reflectance of an optical surface over a specified wavelength range. Laser mirror Antireflecting AR Coating reducing the reflectance of an optical surface over a specified wavelength range and usually increasing the transm

44、ittance. AR coated lens Beam splitting BS Coating separating the incident flux into two beams, one transmitted and the other reflected, the energy distribution of each beam reproducing the incident energy distribution in essentially a non-selective manner, over a specified wavelength range. Neutral

45、beamsplitter Partial reflector Attenuating AT Coating reducing the transmittance in essentially a non- selective manner over a specified wavelength range. Neutral density filter Filtering a) Bandpass b) Band rejection FI FI-BP FI-BR Coating modifying the transmittance in a selective manner over a sp

46、ecified wavelength range. Laser line selection filter Raman notch filter Selecting or combining a) Long pass b) Short pass SC SC-LP SC-SP Coating dividing the incident radiation flux into two or more beams each one covering a limited spectral region and being propagated either by reflection or by tr

47、ansmission. The reverse path combines beams of different spectral regions. Dichroic mirror Beam combiner Cold light mirror NIR cut filter Polarizing PO Coating controlling the state of polarization of the emergent electromagnetic radiation, over a specified wavelength range. Polarizer Non-polarizing

48、 beamsplitter Phase changing PC Coating controlling the phase change of the emergent electromagnetic radiation relative to the incident radiation, and/or the phase difference between s and p vectors, over a specified wavelength range. Phase retarder Absorbing AB Coating absorbing a specified value o

49、f the incident flux over a specified wavelength range. Light trap UV absorber Supplementary SU Coating providing a non-optical property; this function is often combined with an optical function. Electrical conductivity Chemical or mechanical protection BS ISO 9211-1:2010 ISO 9211-1:2010(E) 6 ISO 2010 All rights reserved4 Definitions of common coating imperf