专业八级-209及答案解析.doc
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1、专业八级-209 及答案解析(总分:100.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、LISTENING COMPREHENS(总题数:0,分数:0.00)二、SECTION A MINI-LECTU(总题数:1,分数:60.00)Statistics. Statistics in 1 A. Irregularities in the balloting: the third-party candidate Pat Buchanan got 2 of votes than he did elsewhere. B. The defendant is guilty or not - Expert: a. A
2、 DNA sample 3 . b. The possibility of odds is one in million. - Defense lawyer: if in a city of three million people, there are 4 matching each other“s DNA. . Statistics in cases against 5 A. Universities add additional points to minority group students. They unlawfully make a/an 6 for those student
3、s. B. Annie was kept from 7 . Her lawyer used statistics to show that workers with the same qualifications who were not in 8 were promoted. C. Tobacco companies started to lose cases because of 9 -Statistics should be 10 along with other evidence. . 11 A. 12 : - Bert could no longer work. - Statisti
4、cians predict how long he would have worked and how much he would have made. B. Multiple regression analysis: - Statisticians find 13 for all the sample data when 14 are at work. . Statistics on the witness stand A. experts know how to 15 B. cross examine and challenge the validity of statistics (分数
5、:60.00)填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B CONVERSATI(总题数:2,分数:40.00)(分数:20.00)A.They are colleagues.B.They are classmates.C.They are lovers.D.They are family members.A.Dr. Owen“s lecture.B.How to write a research paper
6、.C.Farming technology.D.How to collect information.A.Computers.B.Mobile phones.C.Farming technology.D.A, B and CA.Because it is the easiest topic to write.B.Because it is a unique topic to write.C.Because it is the most essential technology.D.Because both of them like this topic best.A.5,000 years a
7、go.B.10,000 years ago.C.2,000 years ago.D.8,000 years ago.(分数:20.00)A.Explosion in technology.B.Explosion in populationC.Explosion in farming.D.Explosion in computer.A.Early 18th century.B.Early 19th century.C.Early 20th century.D.Early 21th century.A.Mechanical technology.B.Gene technology.C.Modem
8、technology.D.Farming technology.A.Impact of farming technology on Industrial Revolution.B.Technology used in modem fanning method.C.Inventions made in the 19th century.D.Inventions made in the 20th century.A.Next Tuesday.B.Next Monday.C.Next Wednesday.D.Next Thursday.专业八级-209 答案解析(总分:100.00,做题时间:90
9、分钟)一、LISTENING COMPREHENS(总题数:0,分数:0.00)二、SECTION A MINI-LECTU(总题数:1,分数:60.00)Statistics. Statistics in 1 A. Irregularities in the balloting: the third-party candidate Pat Buchanan got 2 of votes than he did elsewhere. B. The defendant is guilty or not - Expert: a. A DNA sample 3 . b. The possibilit
10、y of odds is one in million. - Defense lawyer: if in a city of three million people, there are 4 matching each other“s DNA. . Statistics in cases against 5 A. Universities add additional points to minority group students. They unlawfully make a/an 6 for those students. B. Annie was kept from 7 . Her
11、 lawyer used statistics to show that workers with the same qualifications who were not in 8 were promoted. C. Tobacco companies started to lose cases because of 9 -Statistics should be 10 along with other evidence. . 11 A. 12 : - Bert could no longer work. - Statisticians predict how long he would h
12、ave worked and how much he would have made. B. Multiple regression analysis: - Statisticians find 13 for all the sample data when 14 are at work. . Statistics on the witness stand A. experts know how to 15 B. cross examine and challenge the validity of statistics (分数:60.00)填空项 1:_ (正确答案:the courtroo
13、m)解析: the courtroom 听力原文 StatisticsToday, we are going to study on statistics. Firstly, let“s see the effect of statistics in the courtroom. After the November 2000 election, Americans waited while court challenges debated who won Florida“s electoral votes. In Palm Beach County, third-party candidat
14、e Pat Buchanan got a higher percentage of votes than he did elsewhere. Was that because the country“s “butterfly ballot“ caused many Albert Gore supporters to punch the wrong hole? Lawyers also argued about other claimed irregularities in the balloting. The Supreme Court finally stopped all vote rec
15、ounts in early December. But if Gore“s statistical arguments had convinced the judges, he would have become president instead of George W. Bush. More than ever, plaintiffs must often prove their case with numbers. Let“s see how statistics is taking center stage in some other courtroom cases. Let“s s
16、ee the first case whether the defendant is guilty or not. Imagine you“re on the jury in a murder case. An expert testifies about DNA evidence. She says that a sample from the crime scene matches a defendant“s. She also gives the odds that someone else would randomly match the tested fragments. If th
17、e odds are one in a million, that makes it sound very likely that the defendant is, in fact, guilty. The defense lawyer may try to counter that by saying that in a city of three million people, at least two others would also probably match. Of course, the defendant was not arrested at random. Almost
18、 always, police have some other evidence linking a person to a crime. But the statistics supporting DNA evidence may be just the proof needed to find someone guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. Now, I would like you to look at the cases against unjust discrimination. In a US Supreme Court case earlier
19、 this year, lawyers argued over whether a state university“s admissions plan unlawfully added points for students from certain minority groups. Statistically, that made it easier for those students to get in. Statistics factors into other discrimination cases, too. Suppose Annie claims that unlawful
20、 discrimination kept her from getting a promotion. Her lawyers may use statistics to show that workers with the same qualifications were significantly more likely to get promotions if they were male or not in a minority group. If the employer can“t show that Annie didn“t do her job well, she could t
21、hen win her case. Age, family history, exercise habits, diet, weight, and other factors affect the likelihood of developing cancer, heart disease, and other illnesses. For years, tobacco companies said that smoking was not the cause of plaintiffs getting sick. They won most cases against them. Then,
22、 judges and juries listened to statistical evidence that even when other factors were equal, smokers had much higher disease risks. Finally, some cases started to hold tobacco companies liable, or legally responsible. Of course, the plaintiffs had other evidence, too. Tobacco companies“ own document
23、s showed that they knew about disease risks. Yet their ads still targeted young people. In other words, the statistics did not stand alone. When using statistics, it is important to understand that statistical evidence complements other forms of evidence. Statistical evidence should be evaluated alo
24、ng with other evidence and not alone. And then how can the court work out the compensation the victims should gain? Statistics help add up damages actually. Statistics help decide how much people or companies must pay if they are liable. Suppose a defect in a car caused an accident. As a result, Ber
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